Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care最新文献

Introduction: Poisoning is typically defined as the act of causing severe harm or death by consuming, breathing, touching, or injecting various substances such as drugs, chemicals, venoms, or gasses. Organophosphorus compounds are the primary cause of mortality resulting from self-poisoning in South and Central India.

Methods: A 4-year retrospective autopsy-based study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Rajendra Institute of Medical Sciences, Ranchi from July 2020 to June 2024. The study focused on analyzing autopsy specimens from cases of fatal poisoning. The study included a total of 375 cases that were brought to the department for medicolegal autopsy. Among these cases, 52 were identified as poisoning following post-mortem investigation.

Results: Organophosphate was responsible for most acute poisoning deaths, accounting for 21.2% (11 cases), followed by corrosive compounds in 15.4% (8 instances). The most prevalent histopathological lesion observed in the stomach, lungs, and liver was congestion, with frequencies of 30.8%, 100%, and 23.1% correspondingly. Cloudy swelling was the most prevalent kidney lesion, occurring in 26.9% of cases.

Conclusion: The incidence of fatalities among the tribal population is high, leading to a substantial loss of life and catastrophic consequences for communities.

Medical professionals are well educated regarding the causes and strategies to prevent lifestyle diseases. Paradoxically, many within this population suffer from these same conditions, underscoring a substantial knowledge-to-practice gap. Global research indicates that physicians, despite their expertise, encounter increasing incidences of lifestyle-related disorders, frequently attributed to occupational stress, prolonged working hours, inadequate sleep, and irregular food patterns.

Objectives: Academic stress and depressive symptoms are major mental health concerns among adolescents globally and in India. However, limited research has examined their association in Manipur, a northeastern state of India. This study assessed the prevalence of academic stress and depressive symptoms, their association, and group differences by sociodemographic variables among school-going adolescents in Manipur.

Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 861 students in grades 9-12 from six private schools in Manipur. Data were collected via self-administered questionnaires between August and October 2024. Analyses included descriptive statistics, Pearson's correlation, multiple linear regression, t-tests, and ANOVA.

Results: All participants reported moderate to high academic stress, and a majority experienced mild to severe depressive symptoms. Academic stress was positively correlated with depressive symptoms and significantly predicted them (β =0.37, P < 0.001), indicating that higher stress levels were associated with higher depressive symptom scores. Female students and those with the lowest academic results (3^rd division: 33%-45%) reported significantly higher depressive symptoms (β =1.90, P < 0.001; β =2.33, P < 0.05). The model showed moderate explanatory power (R = 0.571, R ² = 0.326, F = 45.81, P < 0.001). Significant group differences were found across gender (P < 0.01), hometown (P < 0.01), and grade (P < 0.05).

Conclusion: Academic stress levels were alarmingly high and significantly associated with depressive symptoms among adolescents. Future studies should explore school-based interventions to address academic stress and promote mental health.

Background: Vitamin B12 deficiency is a significant nutritional concern linked to megaloblastic anemia and neurological complications, and high-quality research is essential to address these health issues effectively. While highly cited publications have substantial influence on the field, there remains a need to assess the methodological rigor, research trends, and quality of these impactful studies. This bibliometric analysis aims to evaluate the top 50 most-cited articles on Vitamin B12 deficiency, with a focus on identifying research gaps, trends, and areas for future investigation.

Methodology: A comprehensive literature search was conducted in the Web of Science database to identify the 50 most-cited articles on Vitamin B12 deficiency. Key terms included MeSH headings and keywords related to Vitamin B12 deficiency, and articles were included based on criteria such as peer-reviewed status, citation count, and focus on human subjects. Data extraction covered publication details (year, country, and journal), study characteristics (design, primary topic), and citation information. The selected articles were analyzed for authorship patterns, country contributions, study design distribution, and research topics to evaluate trends and gaps within the field.

Results: The analysis revealed a predominance of research originating from developed countries, with the US contributing 44% of the top-cited studies, followed by the UK at 16%. The most common study design was the review article (56%), and the highest level of evidence achieved was Level 1 in 14% of studies. Research topics primarily focused on management (38%), causes (36%), and diagnosis (32%) of Vitamin B12 deficiency. A gender disparity was noted in authorship, with male senior authors representing 62% of the studies.

Conclusion: This bibliometric analysis highlights the need for more diverse and experimental research approaches in Vitamin B12 deficiency studies, particularly from underrepresented regions. The reliance on observational and review-based designs suggests an opportunity for more rigorous methodologies, such as RCTs, to enhance the evidence base.

Objectives: Assessment of fluoride with Vitamin D and biochemical parameters in obese individuals. Studies implicating vitamin D and fluoride need to be established.

Materials and methods: Ours is a retrospective study with a sample size of n = 70. Standard procedure and precautions were followed at each step during the collection of blood samples and processing.

Conclusion: Vitamin D - fluoride-calcium-minerals intersect in various metabolic pathways and have intricacies with the omics. In conclusion, in-depth omics studies with larger population size implicating the physiological and pathological processes of human health and disease need to be considered in high-fluoride endemic areas.

Dengue fever is a mosquito-borne illness responsible for a spectrum of neurological disorders like encephalitis, myelitis, neuropathy, myopathy, and hypokalemia. From mild febrile illness to severe shock syndrome. During the last epidemic, we did see few patients of dengue fever presenting with an acute onset of paresis secondary to hypokalemia, which we are reporting here. The present study evaluates the association between hypokalemia and the acute onset of paraparesis and quadriparesis in dengue infection. A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted to evaluate the association of dengue fever and acute onset hypokalemic paralysis. Data from four patients were evaluated. All were male patients, and the mean age was 37 years. Two (50%) patients had an acute onset of quadriparesis, and another 2 (50%) had acute paraparesis. The average/mean serum potassium level was 2.0 meq/dl. The other possible causes of weakness were excluded by relevant history and investigations in all patients. The patients recovered completely after supplementation with potassium. Dengue infection can present with acute pure motor reversible paraparesis and quadriparesis due to hypokalemia, besides other neurological causes. Clinicians should be aware of such an association and consider the clinical possibility in the differential diagnosis while evaluating acute quadriparesis or paraparesis in patients with dengue fever, especially in endemic areas.

Introduction: Poor WASH practices are associated with various infections such as diarrhea, worm infestations (STH), and skin diseases among children. WinS is involved in Sustainable Development Goals, where SDG-6 is to escalate safe WASH accessibility universally. However, implementation of WASH module in residential schools which are established for tribal community is rare.

Objective: To study the effectiveness of the WASH implementation strategy on WASH practices, diarrheal diseases, respiratory infection, and absenteeism among students residing in ashram schools.

Methods: This intervention study was conducted in eight ashram schools meant for adiwasi community of Wardha district. Four ashram schools were allocated randomly in each beneficiary and control arm. 471 students of IV-VI standard were divided into the beneficiary group (251) and control group (220). The WASH implementation model consisting of safe WASH practices was designed. Local engagement of school administration, teachers, and students as the WASH committee was the main approach for execution of the model. Interactive sessions, demonstration, video playing, and so on were the modes of delivery. Relative risk is assessed to compare the WASH practices, illness, and attendance.

Results: There was positive change in WASH practices among students attending the ashram schools of beneficiary than the compared group, except washing hands after using urinals, brushing, and bathing practices. The average risk of unhygienic practices is reduced up to the extent of 56%. There was a significant decrease in diarrhea, respiratory infection, and absenteeism up to the extent of 57%, 56%, and 65%, respectively, among students attending the ashram schools of beneficiary than comparison schools.

Conclusion: This present model seems to be effective in improving the WASH practices and reducing the absenteeism, diarrhea, and respiratory illness among the beneficiary group. Such a strategy can be explored to other schools for wider coverage.

This study investigated the knowledge, attitude, and practice of preeclampsia/eclampsia (PE/E) preventive measures among pregnant women in Kano. This study applied sequential mixed-method research to understand the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) of preventive measures for PE/E; as part of the discovery phase of a broader project that applies a modified human-centered design model to understand the roles of both patients and healthcare providers in the prevention and management of PE/E. Data were collected using structured questionnaires through face-to-face interviews and focus group discussions. This study was limited to 16 health facilities from two (2) Local Government Areas in Kano State: Kumbotso and Ungogo, representing a diverse group of pregnant women comprising 828 participants. The quantitative data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25 (IBM® Armonk, USA) Chi-square, and logistic regression model. Confidence level was set at 95% and P value < 0.05 was considered significant. MAXQDA software (version 2022.8) was used for qualitative analysis. Of the 828 pregnant women who participated in the study, 281 (33.9%) had adequate knowledge of PE/E, 693 (83.6%) showed a positive attitude and 416 (50.2%) expressed good practice towards PE/E prevention. There was a significant association between the women's sociodemographic characteristics and KAP (P < 0.05). Location (rural/urban divide), educational level, source of income, trimester, and number of children were significant predictors of KAP of PE/E prevention (P < 0.05). The common terminology used to understand PE/E was the occurrence of severe headaches, and their channel of knowledge was in hospitals through health education. The most important theme for attitude was health facility visits; the participants understood the importance of preventing the condition (preeclampsia and eclampsia). However, the practice was not directly associated with PE/E prevention, but with better pregnancy outcomes. The findings reveal a connection between educational levels and the knowledge, attitude, and practice of pregnant women toward PE/E preventive measures. Notably, those with lower educational levels tend to exhibit poorer knowledge and attitudes concerning preventive measures. The geographical location and associated ethno-religious connotations have inherently disadvantaged striving women, leading to reduced access to quality healthcare services.

Objectives: This study aims to assess the level of knowledge and attitude regarding attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) among primary school teachers in selected schools in Bhubaneswar and to determine the association between the level of knowledge and attitude regarding ADHD among primary school teachers with their selected socio-demographic variables.

Methods: The cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge and attitudes among Govt. primary school teachers found in 13 different schools in Bhubaneswar, Odisha. The purposive sample technique was used to collect a sample with the inclusion criteria of 80 teachers who gave their consent with their own interest to participate in the study and who are available at the time of data collection by using a self-structured questionnaire scale for demographic, self-structured questionnaire scale based with 30 questions for knowledge, and self-structured 5 scorings Likert scale for attitude. Data analysis was performed by using the SPSS software statistical program.

Results: Based on the findings, there were majority teachers having below-average knowledge (88.75%), and from them, 11.25% had average knowledge regarding ADHD. Of the teachers, 72.5% had positive, and 27.5% had negative attitudes toward ADHD. Since, the teaching experience of the teachers is associated with attitude, and they do not have sufficient knowledge regarding ADHD. That is why, there is a negative correlation which was found between knowledge and attitude, but attitude has a significant association with teaching experience ('P' value = 0.050).

Conclusion: The majority of teachers had below-average knowledge and from them having average knowledge regarding ADHD. From them, the majority have a positive attitude toward ADHD.

India faces a persistent public health challenge with malnutrition, particularly among children under five, as highlighted by NFHS-5 data (2019-2021). In Karnataka, malnutrition rates are alarmingly high, with 36% of children stunted and 26% wasted. Severe acute malnutrition (SAM) affects over 10% of children, further compounding this crisis. Climate change acts as a threat multiplier, worsening food security and triggering a malnutrition-poverty-hunger cycle. Implemented in Yelburga district of Karnataka, end malnutrition initiative (EMI) emphasized parental ownership, low-cost dietary interventions, capacity building, and leveraging technology. The initiative engaged community volunteers, faith leaders, and government stakeholders, achieving significant reductions in SAM and moderate acute malnutrition (MAM). From January 2022 to March 2023, SAM cases decreased from 105 to 9, while MAM cases declined from 1067 to 300. These results validate EMI's model as an effective strategy. The program's success underscores its scalability across India and globally where the burden of Malnutrition remains high subject to serious financial support. By transforming policies and emphasizing social, commercial, and climate determinants of health, EMI demonstrates that malnutrition can be addressed sustainably. This initiative serves as a roadmap for combating malnutrition, ensuring a healthier future for children worldwide.