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ZMP analysis for dynamic walking of a passivity-based biped robot with flat feet 基于被动的两足平足机器人动态行走的ZMP分析
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670325
N. Fatehi, A. Akbarimajd, M. Asadpour
Zero moment point has been usually employed for balance keeping and walking analysis of active biped robots with bent knees, while balance and walking stability analysis of passive robots has been done using cyclic analysis approaches. While the problem in general is common, the two approaches have been separated in the literature for two different classes of passivity-based and ZMP-based robots. In this paper we have made a ZMP analysis for a passivity-based biped robot. The robot has been simulated using MSC Adams and Matlab/Simulink and a stable walking is achieved for a defined walking policy which is based on passivity-based walking with hips and ankles actuated and knee joints considered passive. The trajectory of ZMP is extracted and discussed during a stable walking. The role of Achill's spring on ZMP is discussed and the overall profile of ZMP trajectory and its changes at specific crucial events, like knee strike and heel strike, is analyzed.
主动双足机器人的平衡保持和行走稳定性分析通常采用零力矩点,而被动双足机器人的平衡和行走稳定性分析则采用循环分析方法。虽然这个问题通常是常见的,但这两种方法在文献中已经被区分为两种不同的基于被动和基于zmp的机器人。本文对一种基于被动的双足机器人进行了ZMP分析。利用MSC Adams和Matlab/Simulink对机器人进行仿真,确定了基于被动行走的步行策略,实现了机器人的稳定行走,该策略以髋关节和踝关节为驱动,膝关节为被动。在稳定行走过程中提取并讨论了ZMP的运动轨迹。讨论了阿基尔弹簧对ZMP的作用,并分析了ZMP轨迹的总体轮廓及其在特定关键事件(如膝盖撞击和脚跟撞击)的变化。
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引用次数: 5
A simulation study of defects in a rolling element bearing using FEA 基于有限元分析的滚动体轴承缺陷仿真研究
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669813
Y. Shao, W. Tu, F. Gu
An internal impact usually happens when there is a small defect in one part of rolling bearings. The Fault signal from this impact is always masked by different noises such as strong vibrations from other parts and the random noise of instrumentation, which makes it difficult to extract an accurate feature signal for early fault diagnosis. In this paper, a simulation study is conducted using the method of finite element analysis (FEA) to understand the vibration characteristics from the small impact. The vibration responses have been modelled based on a typical bearing assembly. Common faults including outer ring defect, inner ring defect and rolling ball defect are simulated and their vibration responses are compared between different faults and at different locations in the bearing housing. The results obtained have shown that under the same defect size, the vibration from the outer ring is the highest whereas that from the rolling ball is the smallest. In addition the vibration close to the mounting hole attenuates considerably compared to that close to outer ring. These findings provide fundamental information to place vibration sensors and to analyse vibration signals.
当滚动轴承的一个部分存在小缺陷时,通常会发生内部冲击。这种冲击产生的故障信号总是被不同的噪声所掩盖,如来自其他部件的强烈振动和仪表的随机噪声,这给提取准确的特征信号进行早期故障诊断带来了困难。本文采用有限元分析(FEA)方法进行了仿真研究,从小冲击的角度了解其振动特性。基于一个典型的轴承组件,建立了振动响应模型。模拟了外圈缺陷、内圈缺陷和滚动球缺陷等常见故障,比较了它们在不同故障和轴承座不同位置的振动响应。结果表明,在缺陷尺寸相同的情况下,外圈产生的振动最大,滚动球产生的振动最小。此外,与靠近外圈的振动相比,靠近安装孔的振动衰减得相当大。这些发现为放置振动传感器和分析振动信号提供了基础信息。
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引用次数: 15
A sliding mode control of discharge air temperature in automotive HVAC using nonlinear sliding surface in input-delay system 输入滞后系统中非线性滑动面滑模控制汽车暖通空调排气温度
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670274
Jeong-Hoon Lee, Kyung-Soo Kim, Soohyun Kim
This paper describes that a sliding mode control of a discharge air temperature is applied in automotive HVAC. The sliding mode control is suggested to improve the response time and disturbance reduction in a variety of climate and vehicle conditions. Automotive HVAC system is modeled as four parts - the blower, heat exchanger, air mixing, and duct sensor transportation delay under the assumption of dry air, adiabatic process, the fully developed air mixing process. The weight factor in time delay and lag model was adapted to reduce nonlinear modeling and approximation error. Sliding mode control is better than PI control from the point of view of settling time in this system.
本文介绍了一种滑模控制排气温度的方法在汽车暖通空调中的应用。提出了滑模控制,以提高响应时间和减少干扰在各种气候和车辆条件。将汽车HVAC系统建模为四个部分——鼓风机、热交换器、混风器和风管传感器,在假定空气干燥、绝热的情况下,充分开发混风过程。采用了时滞模型中的权重因子,减小了非线性建模和近似误差。从系统的稳定时间来看,滑模控制优于PI控制。
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引用次数: 8
A new type of clamping force estimator for electromechanical brake systems 一种用于机电制动系统的新型夹紧力估计器
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669796
Y. Ki, I. Oh, Jaehan Jeon, Jaeseung Chun, Hyun-Sik Ahn
In this paper, a new algorithm which considers the hysteresis by backlash to estimate clamping force from motor rotor position is proposed and its usefulness is shown with comparison of previous algorithm. In order to set the zero point of curve of clamping force versus motor rotor position using motor current, a new detection strategy for the contact point of the brake pads and the brake disc is developed. Additionally, Brake pad temperature adaptation method is also proposed to improve performance of clamping force estimation algorithm. EMB model is developed and validated using MATLAB/Simulink and the performance of the EMB controller based on estimation algorithm is shown by the simulation results.
本文提出了一种考虑间隙磁滞的新算法来估计电机转子位置的夹紧力,并与已有算法进行了比较。为了利用电机电流设定夹紧力与电机转子位置曲线的零点,提出了一种新的刹车片与制动盘接触点的检测策略。此外,为了提高夹紧力估计算法的性能,还提出了刹车片温度自适应方法。利用MATLAB/Simulink建立了EMB模型并进行了验证,仿真结果验证了基于估计算法的EMB控制器的性能。
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引用次数: 2
A case study as a class project of master-slave line tracer competition for undergraduate student education 大学生主从线示踪大赛课堂项目案例分析
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670275
Seul Jung, Kwang Ki Shim
This paper presents a case study of a class project for Junior level students in the curriculum of Mechatronics Engineering. As a class project of a sensor and signal processing class, a team of two students is required to build two line tracers, a master and a slave line tracer. The master line tracer is same as the line tracer that follows the line, but the slave line tracer is required to follow the master with limitation of sensors to follow the front master. The slave does not have communication with the master and any sensors to detect the line. The slave has only the distance sensor to detect the master. At the end of the semester, a master-slave line tracer competition is held to evaluate student grade for the class.
本文以机电工程专业大三学生课堂设计为例,介绍了一个案例分析。作为传感器与信号处理课程的课堂项目,要求两名学生组成一个小组,搭建两条线路示踪器,一条为主线路示踪器,一条从线路示踪器。主线跟踪器与跟随主线的线跟踪器相同,但是从线跟踪器需要跟随主线,并且限制传感器跟随前主线。从机没有与主机通信,也没有任何传感器来检测线路。从机只有距离传感器来检测主机。在学期结束时,举办主从线追踪比赛,以评估班级学生的成绩。
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引用次数: 4
Development of a structured-light sensor based bin-picking system using ICP algorithm 基于ICP算法的结构光传感器拾取垃圾箱系统的研制
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669661
Jong-Kyu Oh, Chan-Ho Lee, Sang-Hun Lee, Sung-Hyun Jung, Da-Sol Kim, Sukhan Lee
This paper proposes a general-purpose structured-light sensor based bin-picking system. At first, to determine the workpiece to be picked, a geometric pattern matching (GPM) method with respect to the 2D image is applied. A structured-light sensor with gray-coded patterns is employed to get the reliable 3D range image for the pick-up candidate. The pose of the object is acquired by just comparing the 3D point cloud between models in database and a range image acquired from the structured-light sensor through iterative closest point (ICP) algorithm in contrast with the conventional bin-picking systems which require complete knowledge of the object. Through experiments on an industrial workpiece, we validate that the proposed vision system accurately measures the 3D pose of complex objects.
提出了一种基于结构光传感器的通用捡筒系统。首先,采用二维图像的几何模式匹配(GPM)方法确定待拾取的工件;采用灰度编码的结构光传感器获得可靠的候选拾取点三维距离图像。通过比较数据库中模型的三维点云和结构光传感器通过迭代最近点(ICP)算法获得的距离图像来获取目标的姿态,而不是传统的拾取系统需要完全了解目标。通过对一个工业工件的实验,我们验证了所提出的视觉系统能够准确地测量复杂物体的三维姿态。
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引用次数: 7
Lyapunov-based microstepping control of Sawyer motors with PID control 基于lyapunov的Sawyer电机步进控制与PID控制
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669946
Wonhee Kim, Donghoon Shin, D. Gang, C. Chung
Proportional-integral-derivative (PID) controls have been widely used for Sawyer motors. The electrical dynamics are generally neglected in general PIDs control since the electrical dynamics are faster than the mechanical dynamics. However, when the current control is used, the phase currents are reduced by back-emf and have the phase lags due to inductances. Thus, the electrical dynamics should be considered to improve the performance of PID control. In this paper, Lyapunov-based microstepping control of Sawyer motors with PID control is developed for improved performance of PID control. The proposed method consists of PID and Lyapunov-based controller. PID controllers make the desired forces and torque to track the position profiles of x and y with regulation of yaw. And the commutation scheme from the desired forces and torque to the desired phase currents are used. For the design of Lyapunov-based control, the stabilities of the equilibrium points are studied using Lyapunov method. Then, Lyapunov-based control is designed to compensate back-emfs and phase lags. Furthermore, the proposed method guarantees the exponential stabilities of desired currents for PID control. And, the closed-loop system is analyzed. The proposed method considering the electrical dynamics is designed without any coordinate transformation. Therefore, it could reduce the commutation delay. Simulation results show that the tracking performance of PID controller is improved by the proposed method.
比例-积分-导数(PID)控制已广泛应用于索氏电机。由于电动力学比机械动力学更快,在一般的pid控制中,电动力学通常被忽略。然而,当使用电流控制时,相电流由于反电动势而减小,并且由于电感而具有相位滞后。因此,需要考虑电动力学来改善PID控制的性能。为了提高PID控制的性能,本文提出了一种基于lyapunov的索耶电机步进控制方法。该方法由PID和基于李雅普诺夫的控制器组成。PID控制器使所需的力和扭矩跟踪x和y的位置轮廓,并调节偏航。并采用了从所需力和转矩到所需相电流的换相方案。对于基于李雅普诺夫的控制设计,采用李雅普诺夫方法研究了平衡点的稳定性。然后,设计了基于李雅普诺夫的控制来补偿反向电磁场和相位滞后。此外,该方法还保证了PID控制所需电流的指数稳定性。并对闭环系统进行了分析。该方法考虑电动力学,设计时不需要进行坐标变换。因此,它可以减少换相延迟。仿真结果表明,该方法提高了PID控制器的跟踪性能。
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引用次数: 9
An unscented Rauch-Tung-Striebel smoother for a bearing only tracking problem 一个无气味的劳氏-东- striebel平滑轴承跟踪问题
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670222
S. Razali, K. Watanabe, S. Maeyama, K. Izumi
The unscented Kalman filter (UKF) has become a new technique used in a number of nonlinear estimation problems to overcome the limitation of Taylor series linearization. It uses a deterministic sampling approach known as sigma points to propagate nonlinear systems and has been discussed in many literature. However, a nonlinear smoothing problem has received less attention than the filtering problem. Therefore, in this article we examine an unscented smoother based on Rauch-Tung-Striebel form for discrete-time dynamic systems. This smoother has advantages available in unscented transformation over approximation by Taylor expansion as well as its benefit in derivative free. To evaluate the performance of this smoother, we compare this algorithm with an extended Rauch-Tung-Striebel algorithm through the simulations of a bearing-only tracking problem.
无气味卡尔曼滤波器(UKF)已成为一种新技术,用于许多非线性估计问题,以克服泰勒级数线性化的局限性。它使用被称为sigma点的确定性采样方法来传播非线性系统,并在许多文献中进行了讨论。然而,与滤波问题相比,非线性平滑问题受到的关注较少。因此,在本文中,我们研究了一个基于Rauch-Tung-Striebel形式的离散时间动态系统的无气味平滑器。这种平滑具有泰勒展开近似的无气味变换的优点,也具有无导数的优点。为了评估该平滑器的性能,我们通过模拟一个纯方位跟踪问题,将该算法与扩展的Rauch-Tung-Striebel算法进行了比较。
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引用次数: 5
Bolting robot assistance system using image processing 采用图像处理的螺栓机器人辅助系统
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5669922
Y. Mo, Byung-Wook Woo, Yun-Geun Choe, J. Park, M. Lim
The Bolting robot assistance system prevents operator to face dangerous situations. Bolting robot assistance system consists of bolting robot control system and top-view supervisory system. In order to control a bolting robot, Camshift algorithm and circular Hough transform are used. To estimate location of bolt hole, circular Hough transform is used. In order to track a bolt hole, Meanshift and Camshift are used. Camshift operates on color image represented by probability point and applies a non-parametric gradient density called Meanshift algorithm to re-center its operating window. By setting region to search a bolt hole, the algorithm will track the location of the bolt hole. In order to make top-view supervisory system, four cameras are installed at left, right, front and back of the robot. Each image from the camera is used to make the top-view image after correcting distortion. This paper proposes the image processing algorithm which is suitable for top-view supervisory system.
螺栓机器人辅助系统防止操作员面对危险情况。螺栓机器人辅助系统由螺栓机器人控制系统和顶视图监控系统组成。为了实现对螺栓机器人的控制,采用了Camshift算法和圆霍夫变换。采用圆形霍夫变换估计螺栓孔的位置。为了跟踪螺栓孔,使用了Meanshift和Camshift。Camshift对以概率点表示的彩色图像进行操作,并应用一种称为Meanshift的非参数梯度密度算法来重新定位其操作窗口。算法通过设置搜索螺栓孔的区域,跟踪螺栓孔的位置。为了实现俯视监控系统,机器人的左右前后各安装了四个摄像头。每个来自相机的图像被用于校正畸变后的俯视图图像。本文提出了一种适用于俯视监控系统的图像处理算法。
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引用次数: 4
A path generation method for path tracking algorithms that use the augmented reality 一种使用增强现实的路径跟踪算法的路径生成方法
Pub Date : 2010-12-17 DOI: 10.1109/ICCAS.2010.5670133
Min-Ho Kim, Min-Cheol Lee
Nowadays, the research of the unmanned vehicle robots is increased, especially in the military fields. Some of these robots use path tracking algorithm, so the path generation method is needed. Now we suggest that the path generation method could be used into augmented reality using the B-spline curve equation. Therefore we can make the robot can track the virtual path in real time by obtaining the error distance between the path in the augmented reality and the robot.
目前,无人驾驶汽车机器人的研究越来越多,特别是在军事领域。有些机器人使用路径跟踪算法,因此需要路径生成方法。现在我们建议将b样条曲线方程的路径生成方法应用到增强现实中。因此,我们可以通过获取增强现实中路径与机器人之间的误差距离,使机器人能够实时跟踪虚拟路径。
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引用次数: 3
期刊
ICCAS 2010
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