Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663823
Hong Ding, Wenyan Liu, Linhua Zheng, Xiaotao Huang
In most time-based ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) localization systems, ranging is usually accomplished by the time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation of the first path, which is more challenging in dense multipath channels. This paper proposes a novel time reversal (TR) based method for TOA estimation in UWB ranging. It uses a time reversed version of channel impulse response (CIR) to compensate for the highly cluttered environments. After the time reversed waveform is retransmitted into the same channel, the performance of TOA estimation will be significantly improved by simply search the maximum peak in the output of the receiver. The advantages of TR based method are verified by simulations using the classical IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. Results show that the bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of TR based method are greatly reduced compared to the usually used maximum likelihood method.
{"title":"Application of time reversal for TOA estimation in UWB ranging under dense multipath channel","authors":"Hong Ding, Wenyan Liu, Linhua Zheng, Xiaotao Huang","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663823","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663823","url":null,"abstract":"In most time-based ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) localization systems, ranging is usually accomplished by the time-of-arrival (TOA) estimation of the first path, which is more challenging in dense multipath channels. This paper proposes a novel time reversal (TR) based method for TOA estimation in UWB ranging. It uses a time reversed version of channel impulse response (CIR) to compensate for the highly cluttered environments. After the time reversed waveform is retransmitted into the same channel, the performance of TOA estimation will be significantly improved by simply search the maximum peak in the output of the receiver. The advantages of TR based method are verified by simulations using the classical IEEE 802.15.4a channel models. Results show that the bias and root mean square error (RMSE) of TR based method are greatly reduced compared to the usually used maximum likelihood method.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125011930","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663814
M. Z. Dooghabadi, H. A. Hjortland, T. Lande
A linear impulse radio ultra wideband MIMO radar array is presented. The IR-UWB imaging array is true time delay based. The imaging system is implemented using an impulse radio radar transceiver which is realized in 90 nm CMOS technology. The transceiver has programmable coarse, medium and fine delay lines which facilitate an electronic beamsteering with high resolution. A calibration circuit and scheme for precise delay adjustment of antenna elements are presented. Tapered slot Vivaldi antennas are used in both of the transmit and receive arrays. The MIMO radar array is modeled in MATLAB. Using the accurate calibration procedure, measurement results agree very well with the simulation results. A clutter map removal method is used for reducing the antenna elements cross-talk effect and the static variations to improve the image quality. The effects of different array parameters such as inter element spacing and number of transmit and receive antenna elements on the array pattern in terms of resolution and signal to noise ratio are studied to optimize and enhance the MIMO radar array performance.
{"title":"A linear IR-UWB MIMO radar array","authors":"M. Z. Dooghabadi, H. A. Hjortland, T. Lande","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663814","url":null,"abstract":"A linear impulse radio ultra wideband MIMO radar array is presented. The IR-UWB imaging array is true time delay based. The imaging system is implemented using an impulse radio radar transceiver which is realized in 90 nm CMOS technology. The transceiver has programmable coarse, medium and fine delay lines which facilitate an electronic beamsteering with high resolution. A calibration circuit and scheme for precise delay adjustment of antenna elements are presented. Tapered slot Vivaldi antennas are used in both of the transmit and receive arrays. The MIMO radar array is modeled in MATLAB. Using the accurate calibration procedure, measurement results agree very well with the simulation results. A clutter map removal method is used for reducing the antenna elements cross-talk effect and the static variations to improve the image quality. The effects of different array parameters such as inter element spacing and number of transmit and receive antenna elements on the array pattern in terms of resolution and signal to noise ratio are studied to optimize and enhance the MIMO radar array performance.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121671336","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663844
K. G. Kjelgård, T. Lande
This paper presents a K-band UWB RF receiver front-end implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The receiver is based on a quadrature direct down-conversion architecture for non-coherent pulse detection. The receiver prototype chip includes LNA, quadrature passive mixers, quadrature voltage controlled oscillator and buffers. To ensure wideband operation throughout the receiver chain, inter-stage matching is necessary. By utilizing the impedance frequency up-conversion of the passive mixers, an on-chip series inductor provide a very wideband matching for the LNA output. Measurements of the receiver show a -3 dB bandwidth of 5.4 GHz with a voltage conversion gain of 10 dB and a measured power consumption of 38 mW.
{"title":"A K-band UWB receiver front-end with passive mixer in 90 nm CMOS","authors":"K. G. Kjelgård, T. Lande","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663844","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663844","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a K-band UWB RF receiver front-end implemented in 90 nm CMOS technology. The receiver is based on a quadrature direct down-conversion architecture for non-coherent pulse detection. The receiver prototype chip includes LNA, quadrature passive mixers, quadrature voltage controlled oscillator and buffers. To ensure wideband operation throughout the receiver chain, inter-stage matching is necessary. By utilizing the impedance frequency up-conversion of the passive mixers, an on-chip series inductor provide a very wideband matching for the LNA output. Measurements of the receiver show a -3 dB bandwidth of 5.4 GHz with a voltage conversion gain of 10 dB and a measured power consumption of 38 mW.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131114184","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663812
O. Haraz, A. Sebak
This paper proposes a compact and inexpensive two-layer ultra-wideband (UWB) butterfly-shaped microstrip 4×4 Butler matrix beam-forming network. Measured and simulated results of the proposed matrix configuration confirm UWB performances for transmission magnitudes and phases with good return losses and isolation characteristics. To demonstrate the functionality of the designed Butler matrix, four identical tapered slot antenna (TSA) elements are connected to four output ports of the Butler matrix and the radiation pattern characteristics are simulated, presented and discussed.
{"title":"Two-layer butterfly-shaped microstrip 4×4 Butler matrix for ultra-wideband beam-forming applications","authors":"O. Haraz, A. Sebak","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663812","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663812","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a compact and inexpensive two-layer ultra-wideband (UWB) butterfly-shaped microstrip 4×4 Butler matrix beam-forming network. Measured and simulated results of the proposed matrix configuration confirm UWB performances for transmission magnitudes and phases with good return losses and isolation characteristics. To demonstrate the functionality of the designed Butler matrix, four identical tapered slot antenna (TSA) elements are connected to four output ports of the Butler matrix and the radiation pattern characteristics are simulated, presented and discussed.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"74 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129253668","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663826
K. Thotahewa, Jean-Michel Redouté, M. Yuce
Impulse Radio-Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) can be used to enhance the performance of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) Devices due to its high data rate capability, low power consumption and small form factor. This paper reports simulation results regarding the electromagnetic effects on the human body caused by an IR-UWB based WCE operating inside the small intestine of the human abdomen. A complex human anatomical model consisting of human tissue simulating materials is used for the simulations. The performance of an implantable IR-UWB antenna operating at 4GHz with a -10dB bandwidth of 1GHz is shown in terms of the return loss, and antenna gain. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Specific Absorption (SA) and temperature increase are analyzed to compare the compliance of the WCE devices with international safety regulations. The frequency and age dependent nature of the tissue properties, such as relative permittivity, is taken into account for the simulations. The path loss variation of the electromagnetic signal emitted by a WCE device that is operating inside the small intestine is also analyzed in this paper.
{"title":"Electromagnetic power absorption of the human abdomen from IR-UWB based wireless capsule endoscopy devices","authors":"K. Thotahewa, Jean-Michel Redouté, M. Yuce","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663826","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663826","url":null,"abstract":"Impulse Radio-Ultra Wide Band (IR-UWB) can be used to enhance the performance of Wireless Capsule Endoscopy (WCE) Devices due to its high data rate capability, low power consumption and small form factor. This paper reports simulation results regarding the electromagnetic effects on the human body caused by an IR-UWB based WCE operating inside the small intestine of the human abdomen. A complex human anatomical model consisting of human tissue simulating materials is used for the simulations. The performance of an implantable IR-UWB antenna operating at 4GHz with a -10dB bandwidth of 1GHz is shown in terms of the return loss, and antenna gain. Specific Absorption Rate (SAR), Specific Absorption (SA) and temperature increase are analyzed to compare the compliance of the WCE devices with international safety regulations. The frequency and age dependent nature of the tissue properties, such as relative permittivity, is taken into account for the simulations. The path loss variation of the electromagnetic signal emitted by a WCE device that is operating inside the small intestine is also analyzed in this paper.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"53 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123049130","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663835
Lanzi Zhang, B. Lu, Zhimin Zhou, Xin Sun
In through-the-wall imaging, the clutter, because of its great energy, has a great effect on the detection of targets behind walls. In this paper, assume that echo comprises three signals: background signal, noise and target signal. The first two are referred to as clutter. Statistical techniques, such as SVD, PCA and FA, are used to extract target information and suppress clutter. Meanwhile, the connection between these techniques is discussed theoretically, in order to understand the theory deeply and choose proper technique to achieve better clutter suppression performance. The SCR, as a conventional evaluation criterion, is used to demonstrate the suppression performance. For thorough testify the conclusion, two through-the-wall experiments, including plywood wall and concrete wall, are designed in anechoic chamber. The results confirm the conclusion in this paper.
{"title":"The clutter suppression based on statistical techniques in TWI application","authors":"Lanzi Zhang, B. Lu, Zhimin Zhou, Xin Sun","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663835","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663835","url":null,"abstract":"In through-the-wall imaging, the clutter, because of its great energy, has a great effect on the detection of targets behind walls. In this paper, assume that echo comprises three signals: background signal, noise and target signal. The first two are referred to as clutter. Statistical techniques, such as SVD, PCA and FA, are used to extract target information and suppress clutter. Meanwhile, the connection between these techniques is discussed theoretically, in order to understand the theory deeply and choose proper technique to achieve better clutter suppression performance. The SCR, as a conventional evaluation criterion, is used to demonstrate the suppression performance. For thorough testify the conclusion, two through-the-wall experiments, including plywood wall and concrete wall, are designed in anechoic chamber. The results confirm the conclusion in this paper.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"77 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124580056","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663839
Weikai Xu, Zhixiong Chen, Lin Wang
This paper evaluates the bit error rate (BER) performance of a code-multiplexed transmitted-reference (CM-TR) ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) system over Nakagami-m fading channels under the impact of a single narrow band (NB) interferer. The BER performance of CM-TR UWB in the presence of a single NB interferer is analyzed using sampling expansion method. The analytic expression shows that the performance of CM-TR UWB is independent of carrier frequency of the NB interferer. Moreover, simulations and analytic results show that the CM-TR UWB has better BER performance than that of TR-UWB under same strength of NB interferer.
{"title":"Performance of CM-TR UWB communication system in the presence of a single narrow band interferer","authors":"Weikai Xu, Zhixiong Chen, Lin Wang","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663839","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663839","url":null,"abstract":"This paper evaluates the bit error rate (BER) performance of a code-multiplexed transmitted-reference (CM-TR) ultra-wide bandwidth (UWB) system over Nakagami-m fading channels under the impact of a single narrow band (NB) interferer. The BER performance of CM-TR UWB in the presence of a single NB interferer is analyzed using sampling expansion method. The analytic expression shows that the performance of CM-TR UWB is independent of carrier frequency of the NB interferer. Moreover, simulations and analytic results show that the CM-TR UWB has better BER performance than that of TR-UWB under same strength of NB interferer.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130197550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Through-the-wall (TTW) radar images would be deteriorated by multipath artefacts resulting from the reflection of enclosed walls. This paper presents an innovative multipath ghost suppression technique based on the compressive sensing theory. The principle of the proposed technique is that: radar echoes are the projection of target space with the operator that defines the transfer function of environment and the image of the target space can be reconstructed by a minimum-norm inversion once the echoes and the operator are known. Conventional imaging technique fails to deal with complicated multipath scenario without prior information. The proposed technique, however, makes use of prior information of the location of walls and establishes a reflection multipath model to depict the scattering response of walls. Based on the model, an overcomplete dictionary that account for interaction of the radar, targets and environment can be constructed. The image reconstruction is implemented with the CS technique by solving a convex optimization problem. The proposed technique can achieve excellent multipath interference suppression effect and can significantly reduce data recording time of TTW radar. The new technique is validated by numeric simulation.
{"title":"A multipath suppression technique for through-the-wall radar","authors":"Jian Wang, Peng-yu Wang, Yanghuan Li, Qian Song, Zhimin Zhou","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663851","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663851","url":null,"abstract":"Through-the-wall (TTW) radar images would be deteriorated by multipath artefacts resulting from the reflection of enclosed walls. This paper presents an innovative multipath ghost suppression technique based on the compressive sensing theory. The principle of the proposed technique is that: radar echoes are the projection of target space with the operator that defines the transfer function of environment and the image of the target space can be reconstructed by a minimum-norm inversion once the echoes and the operator are known. Conventional imaging technique fails to deal with complicated multipath scenario without prior information. The proposed technique, however, makes use of prior information of the location of walls and establishes a reflection multipath model to depict the scattering response of walls. Based on the model, an overcomplete dictionary that account for interaction of the radar, targets and environment can be constructed. The image reconstruction is implemented with the CS technique by solving a convex optimization problem. The proposed technique can achieve excellent multipath interference suppression effect and can significantly reduce data recording time of TTW radar. The new technique is validated by numeric simulation.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115011257","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663840
N. Le, Le Chung Tran, F. Safaei
This paper proposes per-subcarrier transmit antenna subset selection with power balancing for MIMO-OFDM UWB systems to simultaneously improve the system error performance and increase data rates. The deployment of the per-subcarrier antenna subset selection may result in a power unbalance across antennas, which could cause power amplifiers (PAs) to operate in their non-linear regions. To overcome this disadvantage, we formulate a linear optimization problem for the optimal allocation of data subcarriers under a constraint that all antennas have the same number of assigned data symbols. This optimization problem could be applied to systems with an arbitrary number of multiplexed data streams, antennas, and with different selection criteria. The efficacy of the proposed allocation scheme from the PA linearity perspective is validated by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of time-domain signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the system without a balancing constraint.
{"title":"Transmit antenna subset selection with power balancing for high data rate MIMO-OFDM UWB systems","authors":"N. Le, Le Chung Tran, F. Safaei","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663840","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663840","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes per-subcarrier transmit antenna subset selection with power balancing for MIMO-OFDM UWB systems to simultaneously improve the system error performance and increase data rates. The deployment of the per-subcarrier antenna subset selection may result in a power unbalance across antennas, which could cause power amplifiers (PAs) to operate in their non-linear regions. To overcome this disadvantage, we formulate a linear optimization problem for the optimal allocation of data subcarriers under a constraint that all antennas have the same number of assigned data symbols. This optimization problem could be applied to systems with an arbitrary number of multiplexed data streams, antennas, and with different selection criteria. The efficacy of the proposed allocation scheme from the PA linearity perspective is validated by analyzing the distribution of the peak amplitude of time-domain signals. Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed system outperforms the system without a balancing constraint.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129393088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2013-11-14DOI: 10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663841
D. Martynenko, G. Fischer, O. Klymenko, D. Kreiser, S. Olonbayar
This paper presents a monolithically integrated ultra wideband direct up conversion transmitter designed in accordance with IEEE 802.15.4a standard. The transmitter operates in the higher UWB band in eight communication channels. It supports the burst position and the binary phase-shift keying modulation schemes and provides a modulated impulse sequence with a pulse repetition frequency up to 499.2 MHz. The transmitter is fabricated in a 0.25 μm BiCMOS technology and occupies a silicon area of 1.75×1.55 mm2.
{"title":"High-band ultra-wideband transmitter for IEEE 802.15.4a standard","authors":"D. Martynenko, G. Fischer, O. Klymenko, D. Kreiser, S. Olonbayar","doi":"10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663841","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ICUWB.2013.6663841","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a monolithically integrated ultra wideband direct up conversion transmitter designed in accordance with IEEE 802.15.4a standard. The transmitter operates in the higher UWB band in eight communication channels. It supports the burst position and the binary phase-shift keying modulation schemes and provides a modulated impulse sequence with a pulse repetition frequency up to 499.2 MHz. The transmitter is fabricated in a 0.25 μm BiCMOS technology and occupies a silicon area of 1.75×1.55 mm2.","PeriodicalId":159159,"journal":{"name":"2013 IEEE International Conference on Ultra-Wideband (ICUWB)","volume":"39 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2013-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123159131","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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