Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0001
B. Shneiderman
This book proposes a new synthesis in which AI-based intelligent algorithms are combined with human-centered thinking to make HCAI. This approach will increase the chance that technology will empower rather than replace people. In the past, researchers and developers focused on building AI algorithms and systems, stressing machine autonomy and measuring algorithm performance. The new synthesis gives equal attention to human users and other stakeholders by raising the value of user experience design and by measuring human performance. Researchers and developers for HCAI systems value meaningful human control, putting people first by serving human values such as rights, justice, and dignity, and supporting goals such as self-efficacy, creativity, responsibility, and social connections.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0028
B. Shneiderman
As an increasing number of academics adopt an HCAI approach, there is still resistance and lack of interest from many researchers and practitioners. They wonder why I am so eager to expand AI research and development to include HCAI? Why do I think there is an alternative to the dominant themes so widely accepted by researchers, practitioners, business leaders, and policy-makers? I am eager to see changes in these broad communities which would recognize the need for and benefits from a human-centered attitude. These changes reflect my own shifts in thinking that began in my early days. I see the problems, dangers, and threats, but remain hopeful that the best is yet to come.
{"title":"Personal Epilogue: How I Became Passionate about Human-Centered Approaches","authors":"B. Shneiderman","doi":"10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0028","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0028","url":null,"abstract":"As an increasing number of academics adopt an HCAI approach, there is still resistance and lack of interest from many researchers and practitioners. They wonder why I am so eager to expand AI research and development to include HCAI? Why do I think there is an alternative to the dominant themes so widely accepted by researchers, practitioners, business leaders, and policy-makers? I am eager to see changes in these broad communities which would recognize the need for and benefits from a human-centered attitude. These changes reflect my own shifts in thinking that began in my early days. I see the problems, dangers, and threats, but remain hopeful that the best is yet to come.","PeriodicalId":159193,"journal":{"name":"Human-Centered AI","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122408609","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0011
B. Shneiderman
Debates rage about the AI goals, with two primary camps. One sees the goal of AI research as long-term curiosity-driven research to understand how computational agents, humans or machines, perceive, decide, and act in the real world. They do their work by building programs that perform well in laboratory studies on specified tasks. The second camp of AI researchers is devoted to creating successful products and services by using many forms of algorithms, especially machine and deep learning. They are devoted to mission-oriented tasks that could be widely deployed.
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Pub Date : 2022-01-13DOI: 10.1093/oso/9780192845290.003.0009
B. Shneiderman
Successful designs are comprehensible, predictable, and controllable, thereby increasing the users’ self-efficacy, leading to reliable, safe, and trustworthy systems. These successes require careful design of the fine structure of interaction, which emerges from validated theories, clear principles, and actionable guidelines. In turn, this knowledge becomes easy to apply when it is embedded in programming tools that favor human control. The examples clarify the key ideas of supporting users to express their intent through visual interfaces (although auditory and haptic interfaces are also valuable in many situations and for users with disabilities). These designs give users informative feedback about the machine state, with progress indicators and completion reports, thereby giving users meaningful control.
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