The paper explored the dignity and human rights violations faced by women domestic workers in India at their workplaces through an intersectional lens. The country has over 50 million domestic workers, primarily women, who face multiple structural vulnerabilities at work. The existing literature on domestic workers focused more on the violations of economic labour rights. The subjective experience of daily loss of dignity, humiliation, and human rights violations at the workplace remains relatively unexplored in India. In this context, a survey was conducted among 600 women domestic workers from three selected States – 200 each in Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The research team held six focus group discussions with domestic workers and ten in-depth interviews with NGO personnel and activists. A mixed methodology approach was employed, wherein quantitative and qualitative tools were used, followed by data integration to outline the phenomena under enquiry. The study identified multiple forms of restrictions and prohibitions in the workspaces through which discrimination and humiliation of domestic workers occur, violating their rights and dignity. The paper argues that women domestic workers are highly vulnerable to exploitation, and their identity in terms of gender, caste, class, and ethnicity, creates complex forms of intersectional disadvantages. The feminisation of domestic work and the consequent devaluation of work make the intersectional disadvantages, humiliation, harassment, and exploitation generally invisible. The scenario calls for multi-stakeholder interventions and social action to create decent workspaces to improve the working conditions and social well-being of women domestic workers.
{"title":"Dignity and Human Rights Violations at the Workplace: Intersectional Vulnerability of Women Domestic Workers in India","authors":"Chitra Karunakaran Prasanna, Lekha Divakara Bhat, Sumalatha Bevinje Subbyamoola, Sandra Moolan Joseph","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00280-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00280-1","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The paper explored the dignity and human rights violations faced by women domestic workers in India at their workplaces through an intersectional lens. The country has over 50 million domestic workers, primarily women, who face multiple structural vulnerabilities at work. The existing literature on domestic workers focused more on the violations of economic labour rights. The subjective experience of daily loss of dignity, humiliation, and human rights violations at the workplace remains relatively unexplored in India. In this context, a survey was conducted among 600 women domestic workers from three selected States – 200 each in Mizoram, Tamil Nadu, and Kerala. The research team held six focus group discussions with domestic workers and ten in-depth interviews with NGO personnel and activists. A mixed methodology approach was employed, wherein quantitative and qualitative tools were used, followed by data integration to outline the phenomena under enquiry. The study identified multiple forms of restrictions and prohibitions in the workspaces through which discrimination and humiliation of domestic workers occur, violating their rights and dignity. The paper argues that women domestic workers are highly vulnerable to exploitation, and their identity in terms of gender, caste, class, and ethnicity, creates complex forms of intersectional disadvantages. The feminisation of domestic work and the consequent devaluation of work make the intersectional disadvantages, humiliation, harassment, and exploitation generally invisible. The scenario calls for multi-stakeholder interventions and social action to create decent workspaces to improve the working conditions and social well-being of women domestic workers.</p>","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"20 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519549","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-20DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00276-x
Guillermo E. Sanhueza
Prison conditions and the treatment of incarcerated individuals in Chile have improved a great deal when compared to the end-of-the-dictatorship period at the beginning of the 1990s. Along with rapid societal changes over the last decade, the Chilean prison system has been transformed in many ways. Today, human rights are more visible within the prison system through a variety of indicators, both quantitative and qualitative. On the other hand, it still has pending tasks and faces new challenges, such as: historical deficit on infrastructure and material conditions, violence inside prison walls, insufficient program access, the COVID-19 crisis, changes in its population, or the threat of organized crime. Although Chile is currently under a democratic regime, the authoritarian legacy still persists and can be traced to how the prison system is operated and structured. Today, the prison service depends on the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights and houses about 45,000 incarcerated individuals, a rate of approximately 236 per 100,000 inhabitants (ICPS, 2022). Some have argued that the Chilean prison system is in better shape than neighboring countries, but others criticize its similarities to the rest of the region, which are far from adequate standards when compared to developed countries. This paper utilizes quantitative and qualitative data to describe some of the efforts that have been made to improve the human rights of the incarcerated, critically analyze some pending challenges, and identify current roles and opportunities for social work professionals inside Chilean prisons.
{"title":"Human Rights in Chilean Prisons: Advances and Pending Challenges from a Social Work Perspective","authors":"Guillermo E. Sanhueza","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00276-x","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00276-x","url":null,"abstract":"<p>Prison conditions and the treatment of incarcerated individuals in Chile have improved a great deal when compared to the end-of-the-dictatorship period at the beginning of the 1990s. Along with rapid societal changes over the last decade, the Chilean prison system has been transformed in many ways. Today, human rights are more visible within the prison system through a variety of indicators, both quantitative and qualitative. On the other hand, it still has pending tasks and faces new challenges, such as: historical deficit on infrastructure and material conditions, violence inside prison walls, insufficient program access, the COVID-19 crisis, changes in its population, or the threat of organized crime. Although Chile is currently under a democratic regime, the authoritarian legacy still persists and can be traced to how the prison system is operated and structured. Today, the prison service depends on the Ministry of Justice and Human Rights and houses about 45,000 incarcerated individuals, a rate of approximately 236 per 100,000 inhabitants (ICPS, 2022). Some have argued that the Chilean prison system is in better shape than neighboring countries, but others criticize its similarities to the rest of the region, which are far from adequate standards when compared to developed countries. This paper utilizes quantitative and qualitative data to describe some of the efforts that have been made to improve the human rights of the incarcerated, critically analyze some pending challenges, and identify current roles and opportunities for social work professionals inside Chilean prisons.</p>","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"319 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-20","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-17DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00275-y
Nélida Ramírez Naranjo
The theme for World Social Work Day (WSWD) 2017 focused on “promoting environmental and community sustainability.” The day celebrated and promoted all the actions related to this theme in which social workers are engaged. The WSWD slogan reiterated the third pillar of the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development, developed by three international social work bodies, and was aligned with the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. The connection between the two agendas is connected to human rights and highlights the need for some theoretical and methodological reflections to deepen the understanding of sustainable development with the aim of identifying and analyzing the foundations of social work education and practice in this field of action. This article presents background information that allows an understanding of the specific importance of social work in the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Curricular planning in social work education should be properly aligned with the SDGs to equip students with the skills and competencies necessary to work with target communities. Incorporating the SDGs into the professional curriculum of social work, as well as creating pedagogical tools to connect with new target groups, should create better opportunities for social workers to enhance their professional activities. As a specific reference, a Chilean experience is presented that demonstrates how the SDGs allow for the implementation of community empowerment strategies and policy advocacy at the local level.
{"title":"Social Work and Sustainable Development Goals: A Human Rights Common Agenda","authors":"Nélida Ramírez Naranjo","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00275-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00275-y","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The theme for World Social Work Day (WSWD) 2017 focused on “promoting environmental and community sustainability.” The day celebrated and promoted all the actions related to this theme in which social workers are engaged. The WSWD slogan reiterated the third pillar of the Global Agenda for Social Work and Social Development, developed by three international social work bodies, and was aligned with the United Nations (UN) 2030 Agenda for sustainable development. The connection between the two agendas is connected to human rights and highlights the need for some theoretical and methodological reflections to deepen the understanding of sustainable development with the aim of identifying and analyzing the foundations of social work education and practice in this field of action. This article presents background information that allows an understanding of the specific importance of social work in the achievement of the UN’s Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Curricular planning in social work education should be properly aligned with the SDGs to equip students with the skills and competencies necessary to work with target communities. Incorporating the SDGs into the professional curriculum of social work, as well as creating pedagogical tools to connect with new target groups, should create better opportunities for social workers to enhance their professional activities. As a specific reference, a Chilean experience is presented that demonstrates how the SDGs allow for the implementation of community empowerment strategies and policy advocacy at the local level.</p>","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"320 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138519563","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-15DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00278-9
Chathapuram Ramanathan, Marianna L. Colvin, Dana Dillard, Nathan Stephens, Tina Vitolo
The purpose of this paper is to (1) examine global human rights disparities that were acutely revealed or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) explore ways that the identification of disparities and lessons learned during the pandemic offer opportunities for social work education. The article begins with an overview of global human rights in the categories of gender, children, race/ethnicity, environment, and socioeconomic status. The use of an intersectionality framework is then suggested as one lens for examining lessons learned during the pandemic to improve our global preparation and response. We do not want to wait for the next crisis to find populations with the same human rights vulnerability.
{"title":"Social Work and Human Rights: Learning from COVID-19","authors":"Chathapuram Ramanathan, Marianna L. Colvin, Dana Dillard, Nathan Stephens, Tina Vitolo","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00278-9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00278-9","url":null,"abstract":"<p>The purpose of this paper is to (1) examine global human rights disparities that were acutely revealed or exacerbated by the COVID-19 pandemic and (2) explore ways that the identification of disparities and lessons learned during the pandemic offer opportunities for social work education. The article begins with an overview of global human rights in the categories of gender, children, race/ethnicity, environment, and socioeconomic status. The use of an intersectionality framework is then suggested as one lens for examining lessons learned during the pandemic to improve our global preparation and response. We do not want to wait for the next crisis to find populations with the same human rights vulnerability.</p>","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"48 3 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":1.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"138542501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00277-w
Tanya S. Monteiro
{"title":"Visible Waste, Invisible Workers: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic for Securing Healthcare Sanitation Workers’ Rights in India","authors":"Tanya S. Monteiro","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00277-w","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00277-w","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"8 4","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136346576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-13DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00266-z
Cecilia de Baggis, Magdalena Jiménez Naharro, Susanna Pallini
Abstract During the Argentinean military dictatorship (1976–1983), 130 children of desaparecidos (disappeared) born during their mothers’ captivity and then kidnapped by families close to the military were identified thanks to the efforts of human rights organizations and especially of their grandparents. DNA testing was used for verifying their identity. Based on the principle of the right to identity, if the children refused DNA testing, they were forced against their right to privacy. Ten identified grandchildren were interviewed and transcripts were codified in six categories. All interviewees considered the DNA testing the turning point for their social identity. These observations support the Argentinean legislative orientation.
{"title":"Identity and Justice for Argentinean-Identified Grandchildren: DNA-Testing as a Turning Point","authors":"Cecilia de Baggis, Magdalena Jiménez Naharro, Susanna Pallini","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00266-z","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00266-z","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract During the Argentinean military dictatorship (1976–1983), 130 children of desaparecidos (disappeared) born during their mothers’ captivity and then kidnapped by families close to the military were identified thanks to the efforts of human rights organizations and especially of their grandparents. DNA testing was used for verifying their identity. Based on the principle of the right to identity, if the children refused DNA testing, they were forced against their right to privacy. Ten identified grandchildren were interviewed and transcripts were codified in six categories. All interviewees considered the DNA testing the turning point for their social identity. These observations support the Argentinean legislative orientation.","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"53 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136283079","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-14DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00267-y
Witness Chikoko
Abstract The paper interrogates narratives of adolescent street girls of the Harare Central Business District, Zimbabwe, exiting commercial sex work. A qualitative research methodology punctuated by street ethnography was adopted to gather data for the paper. A feminist social work approach and empowerment theory were used to have a deeper understanding of the lives of these children. Research findings suggest that there were very few cases where adolescent street girls of Harare Central Business District were successfully exiting transactional sex. There were varied and multiple reasons why they could not successfully exit commercial sex work. Some of them included addiction on commercial sex work, limited survival options outside commercial sex work, peer pressure, street subculture, and substance abuse. The paper concludes by advocating and lobbying key stakeholders such as the Government of Zimbabwe to improve the lives of children in street situations through provision of social protection mechanisms.
{"title":"Exiting Commercial Sex Work: a Case of Adolescent Street Girls of the Harare Central Business District in Zimbabwe","authors":"Witness Chikoko","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00267-y","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00267-y","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The paper interrogates narratives of adolescent street girls of the Harare Central Business District, Zimbabwe, exiting commercial sex work. A qualitative research methodology punctuated by street ethnography was adopted to gather data for the paper. A feminist social work approach and empowerment theory were used to have a deeper understanding of the lives of these children. Research findings suggest that there were very few cases where adolescent street girls of Harare Central Business District were successfully exiting transactional sex. There were varied and multiple reasons why they could not successfully exit commercial sex work. Some of them included addiction on commercial sex work, limited survival options outside commercial sex work, peer pressure, street subculture, and substance abuse. The paper concludes by advocating and lobbying key stakeholders such as the Government of Zimbabwe to improve the lives of children in street situations through provision of social protection mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"33 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135765944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-12DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00271-2
Cornelius Dudzai, Kwashirai Zvokuomba, Tarisai Gracious Mboko
Abstract The study sought to understand the position of the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church on women and girls’ rights in Zimbabwe. Engaging in this study came out of the realization that women and girls’ rights are compromised in religious settings and the issue goes on unreported. Deploying a qualitative research methodology framework buttressed by the gendered human rights–based theoretical approach, the study collected empirical evidence through semi-structured in-depth interviews as well as participant observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty participants — fifteen young women and five males. All the twenty participants were members of the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church. Snowball sampling was used in selecting the participants. It was established that the church doctrine within the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church provides a conducive environment for the abuse of women and the girl child under the guise of ‘sacredness’ of the religious sect. This has been and is still going on unchecked. The study concluded that abuse cases through forced and teen marriages to older men are facilitated by both adult men and women and is highly safeguarded within religious cultism. The study recommends that the government and non-state actors need to enhance child protection services and programmes in religious settings for the purpose of protecting and removing the vulnerabilities of girls within the church by prosecuting perpetrators.
{"title":"Religion, Women, and Girls’ Rights in Zimbabwe: the Case of Zimbabwe’s Johanne Marange Apostolic Church","authors":"Cornelius Dudzai, Kwashirai Zvokuomba, Tarisai Gracious Mboko","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00271-2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00271-2","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The study sought to understand the position of the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church on women and girls’ rights in Zimbabwe. Engaging in this study came out of the realization that women and girls’ rights are compromised in religious settings and the issue goes on unreported. Deploying a qualitative research methodology framework buttressed by the gendered human rights–based theoretical approach, the study collected empirical evidence through semi-structured in-depth interviews as well as participant observation. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with twenty participants — fifteen young women and five males. All the twenty participants were members of the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church. Snowball sampling was used in selecting the participants. It was established that the church doctrine within the Johanne Marange Apostolic Church provides a conducive environment for the abuse of women and the girl child under the guise of ‘sacredness’ of the religious sect. This has been and is still going on unchecked. The study concluded that abuse cases through forced and teen marriages to older men are facilitated by both adult men and women and is highly safeguarded within religious cultism. The study recommends that the government and non-state actors need to enhance child protection services and programmes in religious settings for the purpose of protecting and removing the vulnerabilities of girls within the church by prosecuting perpetrators.","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"57 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135963304","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"“We Don’t Turn Away Families”: Support for Immigrant Families with Young Children During and After the COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"Carolina Villamil Grest, Megan Finno-Velasquez, Anayeli Lopez, Sophia Sepp","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00262-3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00262-3","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"2013 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135969780","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-10-06DOI: 10.1007/s41134-023-00272-1
Laura Dodds, Catherine Creamer, Zalia Powell, Cindy Davis
Abstract The social scientists and legal professionals who work in family law in Australia should be recognised for working tirelessly in a complex, overworked, and archaic system. A system that underserves their capacity to maintain integrity, expertise, and ethical diligence in the professions they are assigned. In this perspective piece, we acknowledge the innovative work being done within this system to strive to meet the best interests of the children they serve, whilst highlighting the fundamental flaws of an adversarial system that breeds acculturation across disciplines and disables the practitioners who operate within these systems from legitimately performing their duties and championing the human rights of children.
{"title":"“Stay in Your Own Lane” the Inherent Flaws Undermining Children’s Rights Within Australia’s Family Law System: A Perspective from the Field","authors":"Laura Dodds, Catherine Creamer, Zalia Powell, Cindy Davis","doi":"10.1007/s41134-023-00272-1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1007/s41134-023-00272-1","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The social scientists and legal professionals who work in family law in Australia should be recognised for working tirelessly in a complex, overworked, and archaic system. A system that underserves their capacity to maintain integrity, expertise, and ethical diligence in the professions they are assigned. In this perspective piece, we acknowledge the innovative work being done within this system to strive to meet the best interests of the children they serve, whilst highlighting the fundamental flaws of an adversarial system that breeds acculturation across disciplines and disables the practitioners who operate within these systems from legitimately performing their duties and championing the human rights of children.","PeriodicalId":15919,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Human Rights and Social Work","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-10-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135351203","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}