Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2024.263655.1275
Ibrahim Ramadan, Khaled Salem, Ahmed M. Shokry, Mokhtar F. Ibrahim
: One of the fastest techniques used to rehabilitate damaged pavement is full-depth reclamation (FDR). FDR technique depends on reusing the asphalt pavement using additives to form a durable base. These additives are mechanical, chemical, or bituminous. The most common type of additive used in FDR mixes is Portland cement. At the same time, Cement production represents a serious threat to the environment because of its dust. Therefore, this paper investigates the ability to use virgin aggregate as a mechanical additive because in some projects using the existing base is restricted due to the underground utilities and the second aim is to reduce the required percentages of the used cement. The tests were carried out on two mixes, the first mix is traditional FDR which includes recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and old aggregate. The second mix is traditional FDR and contains virgin aggregate (VA). The two mixes were treated with different percentages of cement (0,2,4, and 6%) by the dry weight of the mix. The conducted tests were compaction (Modified Proctor test) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. The UCS test mixes were cured for 7 days. The results showed that the maximum dry density (MDD) and Optimum moisture Content (OMC) increased by an increasing in cement content for the two mixes. The UCS test result showed that by the increase in cement percentages, the UCS values increased for the two mixes and the optimum cement content (OCC) for mix2 was lower than mix1 at the same value of UCS.
{"title":"Evaluating the Strength of Full Depth Reclamation (FDR) Mixtures Using RAP and Virgin Aggregate","authors":"Ibrahim Ramadan, Khaled Salem, Ahmed M. Shokry, Mokhtar F. Ibrahim","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2024.263655.1275","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2024.263655.1275","url":null,"abstract":": One of the fastest techniques used to rehabilitate damaged pavement is full-depth reclamation (FDR). FDR technique depends on reusing the asphalt pavement using additives to form a durable base. These additives are mechanical, chemical, or bituminous. The most common type of additive used in FDR mixes is Portland cement. At the same time, Cement production represents a serious threat to the environment because of its dust. Therefore, this paper investigates the ability to use virgin aggregate as a mechanical additive because in some projects using the existing base is restricted due to the underground utilities and the second aim is to reduce the required percentages of the used cement. The tests were carried out on two mixes, the first mix is traditional FDR which includes recycled asphalt pavement (RAP) and old aggregate. The second mix is traditional FDR and contains virgin aggregate (VA). The two mixes were treated with different percentages of cement (0,2,4, and 6%) by the dry weight of the mix. The conducted tests were compaction (Modified Proctor test) and unconfined compressive strength (UCS) test. The UCS test mixes were cured for 7 days. The results showed that the maximum dry density (MDD) and Optimum moisture Content (OMC) increased by an increasing in cement content for the two mixes. The UCS test result showed that by the increase in cement percentages, the UCS values increased for the two mixes and the optimum cement content (OCC) for mix2 was lower than mix1 at the same value of UCS.","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"715 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141707582","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-07-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2024.276792.1284
Mohamed I Elzareef, Mohamed Bayoumi, Sayed Akl
: Polymer nanoparticle composites present industrial potential in many applications. However, some limitations for the application of these composites are due to the non-uniformity of their mechanical properties. One of the main issues of that drawback is the lack of uniform distribution of the nanoparticle’s reinforcement inside the polymer matrix. In other words, uniform distribution of nanoparticles throughout polymer matrices presents a crucial issue for obtaining sound parts of fair enough mechanical properties. That would present a limitation for use in different areas of applications. A mechanical mixer with a special design has been developed during the present work. A prototype mixer has been carried out, and used for the synthetization of polystyrene carbon nanoparticles, (CNP’s) composites. The design of the developed mechanical mixer is based on the principle of subjecting the mixture of CNP’s and Polymer to multi-shearing strokes in a bi-directions extrusion die during heating at appropriate temperature for a specific time. The produced composites have been subjected to metallographic examination, and mechanical testing to investigate the effectiveness of using the developed mechanical mixture. Metallographic examination of specimens of the produced composites parts using SEM have shown fair enough distribution of the carbon nanoparticles throughout the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of the produced composites have been evaluated, and the results showed comparable values with respect to those dismantled in publications.
{"title":"Design Of Mechanical Mixer for Synthetization Of Polymer Matrix Composites","authors":"Mohamed I Elzareef, Mohamed Bayoumi, Sayed Akl","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2024.276792.1284","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2024.276792.1284","url":null,"abstract":": Polymer nanoparticle composites present industrial potential in many applications. However, some limitations for the application of these composites are due to the non-uniformity of their mechanical properties. One of the main issues of that drawback is the lack of uniform distribution of the nanoparticle’s reinforcement inside the polymer matrix. In other words, uniform distribution of nanoparticles throughout polymer matrices presents a crucial issue for obtaining sound parts of fair enough mechanical properties. That would present a limitation for use in different areas of applications. A mechanical mixer with a special design has been developed during the present work. A prototype mixer has been carried out, and used for the synthetization of polystyrene carbon nanoparticles, (CNP’s) composites. The design of the developed mechanical mixer is based on the principle of subjecting the mixture of CNP’s and Polymer to multi-shearing strokes in a bi-directions extrusion die during heating at appropriate temperature for a specific time. The produced composites have been subjected to metallographic examination, and mechanical testing to investigate the effectiveness of using the developed mechanical mixture. Metallographic examination of specimens of the produced composites parts using SEM have shown fair enough distribution of the carbon nanoparticles throughout the polymer matrix. The mechanical properties of the produced composites have been evaluated, and the results showed comparable values with respect to those dismantled in publications.","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"13 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141693984","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2024.255372.1256
Abdulrahman Salem, Yasser Mansour, Hazem Eldaly
: The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have led to numerous practical applications across various fields. Architects and researchers have also begun exploring the potential of applying AI & ML to enhance their work. The advent of generative AI led to new opportunities for the architects who started using image generation models to aid in the concept phase as well as visualizing projects, plans generation, etc. Moreover, more experiments were done with non-generative AI in planning, predicting materials, and classification to serve architectural design and analysis purposes. However, existing applications often fail to provide precise and readily usable architectural models within the standard design software used by architects. Moreover, architects started to rely on generative (gen) AI models to generate designs in the form of rendered photos and many experimentations with such tools are being done with little focus on the use of non-generative (non-gen) AI models. In this paper, we analyze the mechanism and technology behind different gen-AI models as well as the product of these models to give insights on the authenticity of these products and the effects of applying such technologies on the architectural design process. This analytical study is supported by reviewing different applications from researchers and architects regarding both types of algorithms. The research concludes with a strong suggestion to rely more on non-gen AI models which aid in a more human-centered design approach. The findings also suggest that gen-AI models could affect the design process negatively, especially if the design concept is purely generated using text or even undetailed photos. And finally, possible applications of both gen and non-gen AI models are suggested as a result.
:人工智能（AI）和机器学习（ML）的飞速发展已经在各个领域产生了大量的实际应用。建筑师和研究人员也开始探索应用人工智能和 ML 来提高工作效率的潜力。生成式人工智能的出现为建筑师带来了新的机遇，他们开始使用图像生成模型来辅助概念阶段以及项目可视化、计划生成等工作。此外，非生成式人工智能在规划、材料预测和分类方面也进行了更多实验，以服务于建筑设计和分析目的。然而，现有的应用程序往往无法在建筑师使用的标准设计软件中提供精确且随时可用的建筑模型。此外，建筑师开始依赖于生成式（gen）人工智能模型，以渲染照片的形式生成设计，并对此类工具进行了大量试验，却很少关注非生成式（non-gen）人工智能模型的使用。在本文中，我们分析了不同基因人工智能模型背后的机制和技术，以及这些模型的产品，以深入了解这些产品的真实性以及应用此类技术对建筑设计过程的影响。研究人员和建筑师对这两种算法的不同应用进行了回顾，从而为这项分析研究提供了支持。研究最后强烈建议更多地依赖非基因人工智能模型，因为它有助于采用更加以人为本的设计方法。研究结果还表明，基因人工智能模型可能会对设计过程产生负面影响，尤其是在设计概念纯粹由文本甚至是无细节照片生成的情况下。最后，还提出了基因和非基因人工智能模型的可能应用。
{"title":"Generative vs. Non-Generative AI: Analyzing the Effects of AI on the Architectural Design Process","authors":"Abdulrahman Salem, Yasser Mansour, Hazem Eldaly","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2024.255372.1256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2024.255372.1256","url":null,"abstract":": The rapid advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have led to numerous practical applications across various fields. Architects and researchers have also begun exploring the potential of applying AI & ML to enhance their work. The advent of generative AI led to new opportunities for the architects who started using image generation models to aid in the concept phase as well as visualizing projects, plans generation, etc. Moreover, more experiments were done with non-generative AI in planning, predicting materials, and classification to serve architectural design and analysis purposes. However, existing applications often fail to provide precise and readily usable architectural models within the standard design software used by architects. Moreover, architects started to rely on generative (gen) AI models to generate designs in the form of rendered photos and many experimentations with such tools are being done with little focus on the use of non-generative (non-gen) AI models. In this paper, we analyze the mechanism and technology behind different gen-AI models as well as the product of these models to give insights on the authenticity of these products and the effects of applying such technologies on the architectural design process. This analytical study is supported by reviewing different applications from researchers and architects regarding both types of algorithms. The research concludes with a strong suggestion to rely more on non-gen AI models which aid in a more human-centered design approach. The findings also suggest that gen-AI models could affect the design process negatively, especially if the design concept is purely generated using text or even undetailed photos. And finally, possible applications of both gen and non-gen AI models are suggested as a result.","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"96 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140764840","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
: Wooden beams have been traditionally used for centuries as the supporting elements for roofs. Long exposure to environmental conditions and aging cause deterioration and decay of the wooden beams in historical structures, whereby restoration or strengthening is often needed to preserve its historical and archaeological value. This research addresses wooden beams strengthened using Fiber-Reinforceded Polymers (FRP). Numerical modelling is carried out by Finite Element Method (FEM) using a commercial Simulia ABAQUS software ABAQUS, taking into account the anisotropic nature of wood materials and nonlinear behaviour. Validation of the numerical modelling procedure was made by conducting FEM analysis of previously tested two wooden beams: solid wooden beam and FRP-strengthened wooden beam. Description of the modelling procedures for the two beams are described. Agreement between the numerically obtained and the experimentally observed flexural behaviour and failure validates the numerical modelling and analysis approach for investigating and design of various configurations for strengthening wooden elements. A numerical study was conducted to investigate several fiber composites strengthening schemes for wood beam.
{"title":"Nonlinear Finite Element Modeling of Wooden Elements Strengthened by FRP","authors":"Ashwaq Osman, Mohamed Aboshok, Gehan Hamdy, Osama El-Mahdy","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.242398.1230","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.242398.1230","url":null,"abstract":": Wooden beams have been traditionally used for centuries as the supporting elements for roofs. Long exposure to environmental conditions and aging cause deterioration and decay of the wooden beams in historical structures, whereby restoration or strengthening is often needed to preserve its historical and archaeological value. This research addresses wooden beams strengthened using Fiber-Reinforceded Polymers (FRP). Numerical modelling is carried out by Finite Element Method (FEM) using a commercial Simulia ABAQUS software ABAQUS, taking into account the anisotropic nature of wood materials and nonlinear behaviour. Validation of the numerical modelling procedure was made by conducting FEM analysis of previously tested two wooden beams: solid wooden beam and FRP-strengthened wooden beam. Description of the modelling procedures for the two beams are described. Agreement between the numerically obtained and the experimentally observed flexural behaviour and failure validates the numerical modelling and analysis approach for investigating and design of various configurations for strengthening wooden elements. A numerical study was conducted to investigate several fiber composites strengthening schemes for wood beam.","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"88 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140790716","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-04-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2024.256531.1259
badr eldin Hegazy, Aml Diab, Rehab M. Elhefny
{"title":"Wastewater treatment by using banana stems and rice straw as bio – carriers for agriculture purposes","authors":"badr eldin Hegazy, Aml Diab, Rehab M. Elhefny","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2024.256531.1259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2024.256531.1259","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"59 18","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140795654","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-10DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.239145.1223
A. Elrifai, H. Henry, M. Salama, Mohamed Abdelkarim
: This paper illustrates Bees Algorithm (BA) for solving the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem to obtain the best for all generation sets to achieve the minimum total fuel cost of the system. To show the efficiency of suggested algorithm two power system were tested. The first system consist of six thermal units and the second system consists of fifteen thermal unit with a wide range of operational constraints. The numerical data obtained from suggested method is examined with those obtained from different methods as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Genetic Approach Search (GAS) to illustrate the validity and verify the feasibility of the suggested method. The Bees Algorithm is an optimization method that mimics honey bee foraging behavior and has been effectively used to solve a number of real-world issues. The data results explain that, the suggested method which is suitable to deal with mathematical difficulties of economic load dispatch study.
{"title":"Cost Prediction of Economic load Dispatch Problem Using Bees Algorithm..","authors":"A. Elrifai, H. Henry, M. Salama, Mohamed Abdelkarim","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.239145.1223","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.239145.1223","url":null,"abstract":": This paper illustrates Bees Algorithm (BA) for solving the economic load dispatch (ELD) problem to obtain the best for all generation sets to achieve the minimum total fuel cost of the system. To show the efficiency of suggested algorithm two power system were tested. The first system consist of six thermal units and the second system consists of fifteen thermal unit with a wide range of operational constraints. The numerical data obtained from suggested method is examined with those obtained from different methods as Particle swarm optimization (PSO) and Genetic Approach Search (GAS) to illustrate the validity and verify the feasibility of the suggested method. The Bees Algorithm is an optimization method that mimics honey bee foraging behavior and has been effectively used to solve a number of real-world issues. The data results explain that, the suggested method which is suitable to deal with mathematical difficulties of economic load dispatch study.","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"7 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139534444","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.228286.1200
زينب ابو السعود, هابى مصطفى, ساره ممدوح الراوي
{"title":"Integration of the Urban Design of University Campus with Educational Goals Within Modern Technology Applications","authors":"زينب ابو السعود, هابى مصطفى, ساره ممدوح الراوي","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.228286.1200","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.228286.1200","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"140 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537559","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.230843.1209
Ahmed Saad, Sayed abdelwanis, Ahmed Gaafer, Tamer. Mahmoud, Samah Samir
.
.
{"title":"Effect of Friction Stir Welding Processing Parameters on the Mechanical Properties of AA1050 Aluminum Alloy","authors":"Ahmed Saad, Sayed abdelwanis, Ahmed Gaafer, Tamer. Mahmoud, Samah Samir","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.230843.1209","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.230843.1209","url":null,"abstract":".","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"131 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139537768","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.240065.1225
ahmed mansour, Emanhanim Afifi, Sadek Saad
{"title":"Walkability in Mixed-use Streets after Urban Deformation in Heliopolis","authors":"ahmed mansour, Emanhanim Afifi, Sadek Saad","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.240065.1225","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.240065.1225","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"88 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139538530","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.21608/erjsh.2023.232487.1211
Sherif Ahmed
{"title":"MODULAR BUILDING UNITS AS A RAPID AND FLEXIBLE APPROACH FOR ADAPTABLE EDUCATIONAL BUILDINGS WITH AVAILABLE SITES","authors":"Sherif Ahmed","doi":"10.21608/erjsh.2023.232487.1211","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.21608/erjsh.2023.232487.1211","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":159365,"journal":{"name":"Engineering Research Journal (Shoubra)","volume":"3 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139637943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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