Qi Zhang, Jianhua Lv, Rizwanulhaque Syed, Jing Zhang, Yang Xu, Bao-Jiang Liu
An experimental evaluation of bending fatigue strength for austempered ductile iron (ADI) spur gears have been performed using Zwick fatigue tester. The gear material was manufactured by vertically continuous casting, in which the radius of the graphite grains is smaller. The Stress-Number of Cycles curve (S-N curve) for the bending fatigue strength of the ADI spur gears are manufactured without any specific surface treatments, and have been obtained by post-processing software. It was observed that when the reliability was 50%, the fatigue limit was 304.89 MPa. It has provided a reliable basis to rate the reliability design of the small gearboxes in automation later.
{"title":"The Evaluation of Bending Fatigue Testing of Austempered Ductile Iron Spur Gear","authors":"Qi Zhang, Jianhua Lv, Rizwanulhaque Syed, Jing Zhang, Yang Xu, Bao-Jiang Liu","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97194","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97194","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 An experimental evaluation of bending fatigue strength for austempered ductile iron (ADI) spur gears have been performed using Zwick fatigue tester. The gear material was manufactured by vertically continuous casting, in which the radius of the graphite grains is smaller. The Stress-Number of Cycles curve (S-N curve) for the bending fatigue strength of the ADI spur gears are manufactured without any specific surface treatments, and have been obtained by post-processing software. It was observed that when the reliability was 50%, the fatigue limit was 304.89 MPa. It has provided a reliable basis to rate the reliability design of the small gearboxes in automation later.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127296229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The mixed lubrication performance of water-lubricated coupled journal and thrust bearing (simplified as coupled bearing) is investigated by a developed numerical model. To ensure the continuity of hydrodynamic pressure and flow at the common boundary between the journal and thrust bearing, the conformal transformation is introduced to unify the solution domain of the Reynolds equation. In the presented study, the coupled effects between the journal and thrust bearing are discussed. The effects of the thrust bearing geometric film thickness on the mixed lubrication performance, including the load capacity, contact load and friction coefficient, of the journal bearing are investigated. And the effects of the journal bearing eccentricity ratio on the mixed lubrication performance of the thrust bearing are also investigated. The simulated results indicate the mutual effects between the journal and thrust bearing cannot be ignored in the coupled bearing system. The increasing thrust bearing geometric film thickness generates a decrease in load capacity of journal bearing. There exists an optimal eccentricity ratio of journal bearing that yields the minimum friction coefficient of the thrust bearing.
{"title":"Numerical Investigation on the Mixed Lubrication Performance of Water-Lubricated Coupled Journal and Thrust Bearings","authors":"Y. Han, Guo Xiang, Jiaxu Wang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97234","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97234","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The mixed lubrication performance of water-lubricated coupled journal and thrust bearing (simplified as coupled bearing) is investigated by a developed numerical model. To ensure the continuity of hydrodynamic pressure and flow at the common boundary between the journal and thrust bearing, the conformal transformation is introduced to unify the solution domain of the Reynolds equation. In the presented study, the coupled effects between the journal and thrust bearing are discussed. The effects of the thrust bearing geometric film thickness on the mixed lubrication performance, including the load capacity, contact load and friction coefficient, of the journal bearing are investigated. And the effects of the journal bearing eccentricity ratio on the mixed lubrication performance of the thrust bearing are also investigated. The simulated results indicate the mutual effects between the journal and thrust bearing cannot be ignored in the coupled bearing system. The increasing thrust bearing geometric film thickness generates a decrease in load capacity of journal bearing. There exists an optimal eccentricity ratio of journal bearing that yields the minimum friction coefficient of the thrust bearing.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"131338566","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wet clutch is widely used in vehicle power transmission, especially in dual clutch automatic transmission. However, due to the unclear understanding of clutch temperature distribution and its influencing factors, the clutch is prone to excessive temperature rise or even wear under severe working conditions or continuous starting conditions. In this paper, the finite element model of stress field distribution of friction pair is established by considering the non-uniform fixed constraint of clamping spring and the non-uniform contact of hydraulic cylinder. Based on the inclined groove structure of the friction plate, the numerical calculation model of the flow field in the groove is established by the finite volume method. On this basis, considering the time-varying characteristics of stress distribution and cooling flow field distribution of clutch friction pairs, a numerical calculation model of clutch temperature field is established, and a multi-field coupling calculation method of clutch is proposed. The distribution of temperature field under different working conditions during clutch engagement is obtained by numerical calculation. The results show that the temperature rise of clutch depends on the target speed of the clutch driving end and the load on the driven end. The research results can provide guidance for the design and control of the clutch.
{"title":"Research on Temperature Rise of Wet Clutch Based on Multi-Field Coupling","authors":"Wu Bangzhi, D. Qin, Huo Jianjun, Qing Zhang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97059","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97059","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Wet clutch is widely used in vehicle power transmission, especially in dual clutch automatic transmission. However, due to the unclear understanding of clutch temperature distribution and its influencing factors, the clutch is prone to excessive temperature rise or even wear under severe working conditions or continuous starting conditions. In this paper, the finite element model of stress field distribution of friction pair is established by considering the non-uniform fixed constraint of clamping spring and the non-uniform contact of hydraulic cylinder. Based on the inclined groove structure of the friction plate, the numerical calculation model of the flow field in the groove is established by the finite volume method. On this basis, considering the time-varying characteristics of stress distribution and cooling flow field distribution of clutch friction pairs, a numerical calculation model of clutch temperature field is established, and a multi-field coupling calculation method of clutch is proposed. The distribution of temperature field under different working conditions during clutch engagement is obtained by numerical calculation. The results show that the temperature rise of clutch depends on the target speed of the clutch driving end and the load on the driven end. The research results can provide guidance for the design and control of the clutch.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122020759","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The multi-stage reducer, especially the planetary gear reducer, usually serves in heavy-duty machinery such as shield tunneling machine, tracked excavator, mining truck and crusher. Those application areas require great load capacity, long life, and high geometrical mechanical performance, and the high ratio so on. This paper first presents a novel architecture of three-stage reducer. To achieve those objectives collectively, this paper presents an optimization methodology based on genetic algorithm (GA). The geometrical volume is set as objective function. The gear module, teeth number, and gear face width are chosen as design variables, taking the life, geometrical spacing, efficiency and load capacity, etc. as constraints. The optimization results are satisfactory and can help designer to employ novel architecture by fulfilling requirements.
{"title":"Design Optimization of a Three-Stage Planetary Gear Reducer Using Genetic Algorithm","authors":"Yanbiao Feng, Wenming Zhang, Jue Yang, Z. Dong","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97387","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97387","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The multi-stage reducer, especially the planetary gear reducer, usually serves in heavy-duty machinery such as shield tunneling machine, tracked excavator, mining truck and crusher. Those application areas require great load capacity, long life, and high geometrical mechanical performance, and the high ratio so on. This paper first presents a novel architecture of three-stage reducer. To achieve those objectives collectively, this paper presents an optimization methodology based on genetic algorithm (GA). The geometrical volume is set as objective function. The gear module, teeth number, and gear face width are chosen as design variables, taking the life, geometrical spacing, efficiency and load capacity, etc. as constraints. The optimization results are satisfactory and can help designer to employ novel architecture by fulfilling requirements.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114948288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
It is known that mechanical connections have great influence on the dynamic characteristic of the assembly. In existing methods, the torsional stiffness of the robotic joint is calculated only considering the stiffness of components of the system, which largely reduces the prediction accuracy of the joint stiffness. In the paper, to predict the joint stiffness more accurately, a model is proposed considering influences of the stiffness of all connections existed in a joint system. The normal and tangential stiffness of the contact surface of each connection are calculated by combining the equilibrium analysis of the force and the fractal theory. Then the total stiffness of one robotic joint can be modelled by putting the torsional stiffness of all connections and that of the RV reducer and gear pair in parallel. To verify the proposed model, its simulation result is compared to the stiffness based on the previous technique without considering the influence of connections. The comparison result shows that the proposed model can improve the stiffness-prediction accuracy. This study can be extended to the stiffness modeling of other joint systems and provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic analysis of the robotic system.
{"title":"Torsional Stiffness Model of an Industrial Robotic Joint Using Fractal Theory","authors":"Jingjing Xu, Zhifeng Liu, Yongsheng Zhao, Qiang Cheng, Yanhu Pei, Congbin Yang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97035","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97035","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 It is known that mechanical connections have great influence on the dynamic characteristic of the assembly. In existing methods, the torsional stiffness of the robotic joint is calculated only considering the stiffness of components of the system, which largely reduces the prediction accuracy of the joint stiffness. In the paper, to predict the joint stiffness more accurately, a model is proposed considering influences of the stiffness of all connections existed in a joint system. The normal and tangential stiffness of the contact surface of each connection are calculated by combining the equilibrium analysis of the force and the fractal theory. Then the total stiffness of one robotic joint can be modelled by putting the torsional stiffness of all connections and that of the RV reducer and gear pair in parallel. To verify the proposed model, its simulation result is compared to the stiffness based on the previous technique without considering the influence of connections. The comparison result shows that the proposed model can improve the stiffness-prediction accuracy. This study can be extended to the stiffness modeling of other joint systems and provides a theoretical basis for the dynamic analysis of the robotic system.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128953622","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zichao Li, Yanrong Wang, Xianghua Jiang, Hangxing Ye, Weichao Yang
When the gear generates a nodal mode shape vibration, there are two directions of possible relative displacement between the corresponding points on the contact surface of the damper ring and the damper groove, which are circumferential direction and axial direction respectively. In this paper, the relative displacement of the damper ring and the damper groove are considered in two directions, and the calculation method of energy dissipation is proposed. When the nodal vibration occurs in the gear, due to the existence of the strain difference between the damper ring and the damper groove on the contact surface, circumferential slip of partial area would occur. The energy dissipation in one vibration cycle is accurately determined by analytical solution. Since the aviation gears are mostly thin-walled structures, the axial displacement is large when resonance occurs. Based on the discrete damper ring model which considers interaction between every segment of the ring, the first-order harmonic balance method is used to calculate the axial displacement of the damper ring under the given gear rim amplitude. And then the hysteresis curve area of each discrete segment on the contact surface is summed to obtain energy dissipation in one vibration cycle. In this paper, based on the energy method, the damping effect of the damper ring is predicted. The damping ratio curve obtained by energy dissipation in two directions is compared and analyzed. The occurrence conditions of the two directions of possible relative displacement and the influence of the damper ring parameters on both situations are summarized.
{"title":"Energy Dissipation of Damper Rings for Thin-Walled Gears","authors":"Zichao Li, Yanrong Wang, Xianghua Jiang, Hangxing Ye, Weichao Yang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97069","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97069","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 When the gear generates a nodal mode shape vibration, there are two directions of possible relative displacement between the corresponding points on the contact surface of the damper ring and the damper groove, which are circumferential direction and axial direction respectively. In this paper, the relative displacement of the damper ring and the damper groove are considered in two directions, and the calculation method of energy dissipation is proposed. When the nodal vibration occurs in the gear, due to the existence of the strain difference between the damper ring and the damper groove on the contact surface, circumferential slip of partial area would occur. The energy dissipation in one vibration cycle is accurately determined by analytical solution. Since the aviation gears are mostly thin-walled structures, the axial displacement is large when resonance occurs. Based on the discrete damper ring model which considers interaction between every segment of the ring, the first-order harmonic balance method is used to calculate the axial displacement of the damper ring under the given gear rim amplitude. And then the hysteresis curve area of each discrete segment on the contact surface is summed to obtain energy dissipation in one vibration cycle. In this paper, based on the energy method, the damping effect of the damper ring is predicted. The damping ratio curve obtained by energy dissipation in two directions is compared and analyzed. The occurrence conditions of the two directions of possible relative displacement and the influence of the damper ring parameters on both situations are summarized.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128482754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Dynamic forces between the mating gears are generated due to the mesh deformation, gear eccentricities, transmission error, and gear run-out, which cause excessive vibration and noise. Study and control of these forced vibrations in gear box are vital to prevent any adverse effects on the gears and its supporting structures. Hence, this work presents a novel concept of active vibration control by introducing Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) on the shaft of a spur gearbox having conventional bearings as well. The AMB suppresses the response of the system by generating controlled electromagnetic forces based on the gear shaft vibration measurement. The AMB force is applied without any physical contact as opposed to mechanical forces in conventional bearings. A coupled torsional-lateral vibration analysis has been simulated with the effects of mesh deformation, gear eccentricities, transmission error, and gear run-out. The electromagnetic actuator is designed in such a way that a resultant radial control force can be developed with the help of forces in two mutually perpendicular directions. With a feedforward PID controller, the transverse vibration amplitude is observed to be suppressed to a considerable level. The frequency domain analysis is done using a full spectrum, which shows that multiple harmonics of gear mesh frequency is minimized simultaneously.
{"title":"Vibration Control of Spur Geared Rotor Systems With Transmission Errors by Active Magnetic Bearings","authors":"Gargi Majumder, R. Tiwari","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97176","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97176","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Dynamic forces between the mating gears are generated due to the mesh deformation, gear eccentricities, transmission error, and gear run-out, which cause excessive vibration and noise. Study and control of these forced vibrations in gear box are vital to prevent any adverse effects on the gears and its supporting structures. Hence, this work presents a novel concept of active vibration control by introducing Active Magnetic Bearings (AMBs) on the shaft of a spur gearbox having conventional bearings as well. The AMB suppresses the response of the system by generating controlled electromagnetic forces based on the gear shaft vibration measurement. The AMB force is applied without any physical contact as opposed to mechanical forces in conventional bearings. A coupled torsional-lateral vibration analysis has been simulated with the effects of mesh deformation, gear eccentricities, transmission error, and gear run-out. The electromagnetic actuator is designed in such a way that a resultant radial control force can be developed with the help of forces in two mutually perpendicular directions. With a feedforward PID controller, the transverse vibration amplitude is observed to be suppressed to a considerable level. The frequency domain analysis is done using a full spectrum, which shows that multiple harmonics of gear mesh frequency is minimized simultaneously.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134260021","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gear pairings often run under very high loads. That can result in different kinds of failure modes limiting their lifetime. Many of the known gear failure modes are tribologically influenced. Especially for gear pairs running with lower circumferential speeds or with different surface hardness, (continuous or slow speed) wear is often the lifetime limiting factor. Slow speed wear appears continuously over a longer period of runtime. In many cases, such applications are lubricated with greases. Since the standardized calculation methods (e.g. ISO 6336) do not cover any determination of wear, one common way to predict the wear lifetime is the calculation method according to Plewe. In the associated Plewe diagram the worn off amount of material is correlated to the minimal lubricant film thickness in the tooth contact. The wear intensity decreases for higher film thicknesses. However, this method has certain limits for greases, because the film thickness of a grease, its bleed oil and the base oil is not necessarily the same. Additionally, the consistency and the flow properties have to be considered, because they influence the lubrication supply mechanism (circulating or channeling). Under certain circumstances channeling could be predominant. Although in theory a grease should build a thicker lubricating film than its base oil, experimental investigations have shown higher wear rates in comparison to oil lubrication.
{"title":"Applicability of an Oil Based Calculation Approach for Wear Risk and Wear Lifetime to Grease Lubricated Gear Pairings","authors":"B. Siewerin, A. Dobler, T. Tobie, K. Stahl","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97439","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97439","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Gear pairings often run under very high loads. That can result in different kinds of failure modes limiting their lifetime. Many of the known gear failure modes are tribologically influenced. Especially for gear pairs running with lower circumferential speeds or with different surface hardness, (continuous or slow speed) wear is often the lifetime limiting factor. Slow speed wear appears continuously over a longer period of runtime. In many cases, such applications are lubricated with greases. Since the standardized calculation methods (e.g. ISO 6336) do not cover any determination of wear, one common way to predict the wear lifetime is the calculation method according to Plewe. In the associated Plewe diagram the worn off amount of material is correlated to the minimal lubricant film thickness in the tooth contact. The wear intensity decreases for higher film thicknesses. However, this method has certain limits for greases, because the film thickness of a grease, its bleed oil and the base oil is not necessarily the same. Additionally, the consistency and the flow properties have to be considered, because they influence the lubrication supply mechanism (circulating or channeling). Under certain circumstances channeling could be predominant. Although in theory a grease should build a thicker lubricating film than its base oil, experimental investigations have shown higher wear rates in comparison to oil lubrication.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114316275","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
S. Hamada, Masao Nakagawa, Tomoki Fukuda, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama
Noise is one of the major serious issues for planetary gear trains (PGTs). This noise is regarded as a noise hazard in certain cases such as helicopter cabins where the sound level reaches 100dB. Herein, planet gears of several precisions are combined to investigate the influence of tooth precision on meshing noise of PGT. The meshing noise of PGTs is generated by stiffness coefficient excitation and error excitation forces; however, the stiffness coefficient excitation is assumed to be constant in this paper because a slight error on the tooth surface does not affect the meshing stiffness. It was found that maintaining the same precision for all planet gears is the best. If one of the planet gears has a precision that is significantly different from that of the others, the sound pressure level increases. The deviation for the maximum error among all meshing pairs, should be restricted to no more than 3μm in case of module one spur gear.
{"title":"Investigation on Influence of Tooth Precision on Meshing Noise of Planetary Gear Train","authors":"S. Hamada, Masao Nakagawa, Tomoki Fukuda, T. Hirogaki, E. Aoyama","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97682","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97682","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Noise is one of the major serious issues for planetary gear trains (PGTs). This noise is regarded as a noise hazard in certain cases such as helicopter cabins where the sound level reaches 100dB. Herein, planet gears of several precisions are combined to investigate the influence of tooth precision on meshing noise of PGT. The meshing noise of PGTs is generated by stiffness coefficient excitation and error excitation forces; however, the stiffness coefficient excitation is assumed to be constant in this paper because a slight error on the tooth surface does not affect the meshing stiffness. It was found that maintaining the same precision for all planet gears is the best. If one of the planet gears has a precision that is significantly different from that of the others, the sound pressure level increases. The deviation for the maximum error among all meshing pairs, should be restricted to no more than 3μm in case of module one spur gear.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129309060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Hypoid gears are widely used to transmit torque on cross axis shafts in a vehicle rear axle system. The dynamic responses of these hypoid geared rotor system have a significant effect on the performance of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) for the vehicle design. From past studies, the main source of excitation for this vibration energy comes from hypoid gear transmission error (TE). Thus, the design of hypoid gear pair with minimization of TE is one way to control the dynamic behavior of the vehicle axle system. In this paper, an approach to obtain minimum TE and improved dynamic response with optimal machine tool setting parameters for manufacturing hypoid gears is discussed. A neural network, named Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient Descent (GD) training algorithms are used to predict the TE. With the optimal machine tool setting parameters, a 14 degrees of freedom geared rotor system analysis is performed to verify the improvement on dynamic response aiming at minimizing the TE. A case study of a hypoid gear pair with specified design parameters and working condition is presented to validate the proposed method. The results conclude that minimization of TE, the main excitation of vehicle axle gear whine noise and vibration, with optimal machine tool setting parameters can improve the overall dynamic response. The proposed approach provides a better understanding of an optimal design hypoid gear set to minimize TE and effect on vehicle axle system dynamics.
{"title":"Optimization of Machine Tool Settings on Hypoid Gear Dynamics","authors":"Chia-Ching Lin, Yawen Wang, T. Lim, Weiqing Zhang","doi":"10.1115/detc2019-97137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1115/detc2019-97137","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Hypoid gears are widely used to transmit torque on cross axis shafts in a vehicle rear axle system. The dynamic responses of these hypoid geared rotor system have a significant effect on the performance of noise, vibration, and harshness (NVH) for the vehicle design. From past studies, the main source of excitation for this vibration energy comes from hypoid gear transmission error (TE). Thus, the design of hypoid gear pair with minimization of TE is one way to control the dynamic behavior of the vehicle axle system. In this paper, an approach to obtain minimum TE and improved dynamic response with optimal machine tool setting parameters for manufacturing hypoid gears is discussed. A neural network, named Feed-Forward Back Propagation (FFBP), with Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) and Gradient Descent (GD) training algorithms are used to predict the TE. With the optimal machine tool setting parameters, a 14 degrees of freedom geared rotor system analysis is performed to verify the improvement on dynamic response aiming at minimizing the TE. A case study of a hypoid gear pair with specified design parameters and working condition is presented to validate the proposed method. The results conclude that minimization of TE, the main excitation of vehicle axle gear whine noise and vibration, with optimal machine tool setting parameters can improve the overall dynamic response. The proposed approach provides a better understanding of an optimal design hypoid gear set to minimize TE and effect on vehicle axle system dynamics.","PeriodicalId":159554,"journal":{"name":"Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-11-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125050848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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