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Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference最新文献

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An Improved Model for Calculating the Mesh Stiffness of Helical Gears 一种改进的斜齿轮啮合刚度计算模型
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97191
Jing-hua Wei, Shaoshuai Hou, Aiqiang Zhang, Chunpeng Zhang
Time-varying mesh stiffness (TVMS) is one of the important internal excitations of gear transmission systems. Accurate solution of meshing stiffness is the key to research the vibration response of gear transmission system. In the traditional analytical method (TAM), the TVMS of single-teeth engaged region consist of bending, shearing, axial compression deformation stiffness, fillet-foundation stiffness, and Hertzian contact stiffness, the TVMS of double-tooth engaged region is the sum of the single-tooth engaged region, which will lead to repeated calculation of the fillet-foundation stiffness. In order to overcome this shortcoming, considering the coupling effect between two pairs of meshing tooth, an improved method of fillet-foundation is adopted to calculate to TVMS of each slice gear. According to the ‘slicing method’, the helical gear is divided into slice gear. Considering the coupling effect of each slice gear, the TVMS of helical gear can be obtained. The improved analytical method (IAM) is verified by comparing with finite element method (FEM) and TAM. Based on the IAM, the effects of the helical angle, face width, the number of gear, and modification coefficient on the mesh characteristics are analyzed. The results show that the IAM is consistent with the FEM and also consistent with TAM in single-tooth engagement. However, there is obviously error with the TAM in double-tooth or multi-tooth engagement.
时变啮合刚度是齿轮传动系统重要的内激励因素之一。准确求解齿轮传动系统的啮合刚度是研究齿轮传动系统振动响应的关键。在传统的分析方法(TAM)中,单齿啮合区的TVMS由弯曲、剪切、轴压变形刚度、圆角-基础刚度和赫兹接触刚度组成,双齿啮合区的TVMS是单齿啮合区的总和,这将导致圆角-基础刚度的重复计算。为了克服这一缺点,考虑到两对啮合齿之间的耦合效应,采用改进的圆角基础法计算每个齿的TVMS。根据“切片法”,将斜齿轮分为切片齿轮。考虑各片齿轮的耦合效应,可以得到斜齿轮的TVMS。通过与有限元法和TAM法的比较,验证了改进的分析方法。在此基础上,分析了螺旋角、齿面宽度、齿轮数和修容系数对啮合特性的影响。结果表明,在单齿啮合时,IAM与FEM一致,与TAM一致。然而,TAM在双齿或多齿啮合时存在明显的误差。
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引用次数: 0
Mesh Stiffness Calculation of Spur Gears With Tooth Surface Crack 含齿面裂纹直齿齿轮啮合刚度计算
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97857
Luke Zhang, Y. Shao
Tooth surface crack is an early fault before spalling, which has an important influence on mesh stiffness and vibration characteristics of the gear system. However, the researches on tooth surface crack are limited as scholars pay little attention to this early fault. In this study, an analytical model of spur gears with tooth surface crack is established. Using the potential energy method, the equations for mesh stiffness calculation of spur gears with tooth surface crack are derived. By adopting the proposed model, the influences of tooth surface crack fault on mesh stiffness of gear tooth are studied. The relationship between tooth surface crack and mesh stiffness of gear tooth under different lengths and depths can be further calculated. This study provides a theoretical basis for the diagnosis of early failure of spalling.
齿面裂纹是齿轮剥落前的早期故障,对齿轮系统的啮合刚度和振动特性有重要影响。然而,由于学者们对这种早期断层的关注较少,对齿面裂纹的研究还很有限。本文建立了含齿面裂纹直齿齿轮的解析模型。利用势能法,推导了含齿面裂纹直齿齿轮啮合刚度的计算公式。采用该模型,研究了齿面裂纹故障对齿轮啮合刚度的影响。可以进一步计算出不同长度和深度下齿轮齿面裂纹与啮合刚度的关系。本研究为剥落早期失效的诊断提供了理论依据。
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引用次数: 0
Power Loss Measurements of Rolling Element Bearings Subject to Combined Radial and Axial Loads 滚动轴承在径向和轴向联合载荷作用下的功率损耗测量
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97438
Kevin Vedera, I. Hong, David Talbot, A. Kahraman, Sen Zhou
Power losses of load carrying gear and bearing components of automotive transmissions have become a major research area in recent years. Measurement of power loss of a gearbox is a routine task where losses from rolling element bearings, gear meshes and seals collectively define the total loss. However, separating bearing and gear mesh losses is not possible, as a gear mesh cannot be operated without support bearings. This study aims at developing a methodology for measuring power losses of rolling element bearings of different types operated under realistic load, speed and temperature conditions. A test machine concept is implemented to apply combined radial and axial loads to a pair of test bearings in a stable and repeatable manner, with rotational speed and lubrication parameters controlled tightly during tests. The proposed test methodology is employed to evaluate power loss for three different types of bearings. Load-dependent and load-independent components of power loss are separated, and influence of speed and load values on bearing mechanical loss are quantified. A repeatability study of the machine and methodology is also presented to demonstrate the accuracy of the proposed setup.
汽车变速器承载齿轮和轴承部件的功率损耗是近年来研究的热点。齿轮箱功率损耗的测量是一项常规任务,其中滚动元件轴承、齿轮啮合和密封件的损耗共同定义了总损耗。然而,分离轴承和齿轮啮合损失是不可能的,因为齿轮啮合不能在没有支撑轴承的情况下运行。本研究旨在开发一种方法来测量不同类型的滚动轴承在实际负载、速度和温度条件下的功率损失。采用了一种试验机概念,以稳定和可重复的方式将径向和轴向载荷组合施加到一对测试轴承上,在测试期间严格控制转速和润滑参数。提出的测试方法被用于评估三种不同类型轴承的功率损耗。分离了负载相关和负载无关的功率损耗分量,量化了转速和负载值对轴承机械损耗的影响。机器和方法的可重复性研究也被提出,以证明所提出的设置的准确性。
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引用次数: 0
Numerical Simulation for Optimizing Tooth Profile Using Bezier Curve 用Bezier曲线优化齿形的数值模拟
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97009
K. Qiu, R. Samadi
The research hereby introduces a novel approach to reduce tooth bending stress using a parametric numeric simulation. This Finite Element Method (FEM) is used to determine optimal design variables for an asymmetric root profile of a helical gear defined by a rational cubic Bezier curve. The gear is first modelled using a machine design software and later implemented into a 3D computer aided design (CAD) package to modify the root spline geometry using a script. A nonlinear relationship exists between the design variables and tooth bending stress. Additionally, certain trends exist between the design variables to exhibit a more optimal root profile. The simulation results show that the proposed method is feasible as the general optimization process results in significant bending stress reduction. The numerical simulation demonstrates that bending stress can be reduced by as much as 10.75% by the proposed approach.
本文介绍了一种利用参数化数值模拟方法降低齿面弯曲应力的新方法。采用有限元法确定了由有理三次贝塞尔曲线定义的非对称斜齿轮齿根轮廓的最优设计变量。首先使用机器设计软件对齿轮进行建模,然后将其实现到3D计算机辅助设计(CAD)软件包中,使用脚本修改根样条几何形状。设计变量与齿面弯曲应力之间存在非线性关系。此外,在设计变量之间存在某些趋势,以显示更优的根剖面。仿真结果表明,该方法是可行的,一般的优化过程使弯曲应力显著降低。数值模拟结果表明,采用该方法可使弯曲应力降低10.75%。
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引用次数: 0
Stylization for Gear Tooth Surfaces With Different Machining Processes Using Graphic Analysis 用图形分析方法对不同加工工艺的齿轮齿面进行风格化
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97776
Junichi Hongu, Hiroki Noborio, T. Koide, A. Tamura
This study proposes a stylization method for gear tooth surface using slices of 2-dimensional spectrum. Focusing on a contour (or a slice in the z direction) of the curved surface generated by the 2-dimensinal spectrum, we could approximate the contour to a closed curve, and obtain the ‘scale’ parameter and the ‘shape’ parameter such as a radius, an aspect ratio, etc. which form the closed curve. To determine the flexibility of the proposed method for stylizing the surface texture of gear, this paper shows the approximating the 2-dimensional spectrums which are obtained by frequency analysis of the surface textures of gears with different machining processes using closed curve. As a result of the template matching using astroid, it was found that the astroid can approximate the contour of the 2-dimensinal power spectrum of the gear tooth surface with five machining processes, hob, generation grinding, form grinding, hone and barrel.
本文提出了一种利用二维谱片对齿轮齿面进行风格化的方法。以二维光谱生成的曲面的轮廓(或z方向的切片)为中心,我们可以将轮廓近似为一条封闭曲线,并得到形成封闭曲线的“尺度”参数和“形状”参数,如半径、纵横比等。为了确定所提出的齿轮表面纹理模式化方法的灵活性,本文给出了用封闭曲线逼近不同加工工艺下齿轮表面纹理频率分析所得的二维谱的方法。利用星状线进行模板匹配,发现星状线可以通过滚刀、代磨、形磨、珩磨和齿筒五种加工工艺逼近齿轮齿面二维功率谱轮廓。
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引用次数: 0
An Analytical Investigation of the Impact of Design Parameters on the Performance of Centrifugal Pendulum Vibration Absorbers 设计参数对离心摆式减振器性能影响的分析研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-98018
Bahadir Sarikaya, M. Inalpolat, Hyun Ku Lee, M. Kim
A generalized nonlinear time-varying, planar dynamic model of bifilar centrifugal pendulum vibration absorbers (CPVA) is proposed. This dynamic model enables fast prediction of vibration reduction performance of any CPVA design considering the impact of absorber rollers, gravity, end stops and translational motion of the system. The modeling framework provides comparative, simultaneous simulation results for numerous different design possibilities, and thus can be used to optimize CPVA designs. The dynamic model is generic and can handle N individually designed absorbers on a rotor with numerous path options ranging from circular to cycloid. Absorbers can be designed to be equally or unequally spaced. In this study, first the dynamic model of the bifilar CPVAs is derived. Then, case studies are provided to showcase the capabilities of the modeling framework. Initially, maximum applicable dynamic torque to a CPVA and vibration reduction performance are investigated by considering the effect of tuning order and different absorber path options for different operating speeds. Then, impact of different modelling features on system frequency response and limit dynamic torque is investigated. Interactions between the important design parameters are highlighted. Finally, the influence of end stop positioning on the CPVA dynamic response is illustrated.
提出了双线离心摆吸振器的广义非线性时变平面动力学模型。该动态模型可以快速预测任何CPVA设计的减振性能,考虑到吸收器滚轮、重力、端部停止和系统的平移运动的影响。建模框架为许多不同的设计可能性提供了比较的、同时的仿真结果,因此可以用于优化CPVA设计。动态模型是通用的,可以处理一个转子上的N个单独设计的吸收器,具有从圆形到摆线的众多路径选择。吸收器可以设计成等距或不等距。在本研究中,首先推导了双线cpva的动态模型。然后,提供案例研究来展示建模框架的功能。首先,通过考虑调谐顺序和不同吸振器路径对不同运行速度下CPVA的最大适用动态转矩和减振性能的影响,研究了CPVA的最大适用动态转矩。然后,研究了不同建模特征对系统频率响应和极限动态转矩的影响。强调了重要设计参数之间的相互作用。最后,分析了末端停止位置对CPVA动态响应的影响。
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引用次数: 2
An Analytical Investigation of Rattle Characteristics of Powder Metal Gears 粉末金属齿轮颤振特性分析研究
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-98026
Elizabeth Slavkovsky, M. Inalpolat, A. Flodin
This study employs an analytical model of a gear pair with transverse-torsional dynamics that allows analysis of single-sided, double-sided, and random rattle situations to contrast rattle characteristics of isotropic PM gears with a baseline steel gearset. This model utilizes time-varying gear mesh stiffness and transmission error as the internal excitation sources and time-varying operating torque as an external excitation. The gear rattle performance of PM gears is investigated under different torque conditions and operating speeds. The system kinetic and potential energy is assessed as an evaluation tool that can indicate the severity of different rattle conditions. The dynamic response of two different versions of an existing PM gear design are compared with a baseline traditional steel gear.
本研究采用具有横向扭转动力学的齿轮副的分析模型,允许分析单面,双面和随机摇振情况,以对比各向同性PM齿轮与基线钢齿轮组的摇振特性。该模型采用时变齿轮啮合刚度和传动误差作为内部激励源,时变工作转矩作为外部激励源。研究了永磁齿轮在不同转矩和转速条件下的摇振性能。系统动能和势能作为一种评价工具,可以反映不同响铃状态的严重程度。对现有永磁齿轮设计的两种不同版本的动态响应与基线传统钢齿轮进行了比较。
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引用次数: 0
Tooth Geometry Design and Two-Dimensional Finite Element Analysis for a Strain Wave Gear With Double-Circular-Arc Profile 双圆弧型应变波齿轮的齿形设计及二维有限元分析
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97594
Yi-Cheng Chen, Yun-Hao Cheng, J. Tseng, K. Hsieh
The mathematical model of a strain wave gear (SWG) composed of a flexspline (FS), an elliptical wave generator (WG), and a circular spline (CS) was developed and the performance was simulated by two-dimensional (2-D) finite element analysis. A rack cutter exhibiting a double-circular-arc normal section was utilized to generate the FS, and the conjugate CS was also developed based on the theory of gearing and enveloping equation. Computer program developed in Visual C++ was completed for the geometry and 2-D mesh generation. The performances as well as the rotational motion of the SWG with double-circular-arc profile were simulated and investigated by 2-D finite element analysis.
建立了由柔轮(FS)、椭圆波发生器(WG)和圆样条(CS)组成的应变波齿轮(SWG)的数学模型,并采用二维有限元分析对其性能进行了仿真。利用双圆弧法向截面的齿条刀具生成了轴向曲面,并基于齿轮传动理论和包络方程建立了共轭轴向曲面。用visualc++编写了几何图形生成和二维网格生成程序。采用二维有限元方法对双圆弧型SWG的性能和旋转运动进行了仿真研究。
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引用次数: 3
Theoretical Validation of an Analytical Design Method for Beveloid Gears With Non-Parallel Non-Intersecting Axes 非平行非相交锥面齿轮解析设计方法的理论验证
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-97246
D. Marino, Matthias E. Bachmann, H. Binz
An analytical calculation method was developed to determine the main gearing data for beveloid gears with non-parallel non-intersecting axes. To validate the method and identify its limits, a parameter study was to be conducted. A two-stage fractional factorial experimental design was therefore devised to deliberately vary the gearing parameters. For each gearing, an unloaded contact simulation was carried out using the position of the contact pattern, the transmission error and the predefined gear backlash as quality characteristics. The results of the simulation were subsequently classified in three evaluation categories. Due to the generalizability of the method proposed, it can also be used for the design of other involute gearings. A modification of the equations revealed its applicability for spur gear pairs with no shaft angle and for crossed helical gear pairs with shaft angles up to 90°. The results for the beveloid gear pairs investigated using a wide range of parameters as well as those for the cylindrical and crossed helical gear pairs proved the validity of the method. In the case of outliers in the evaluation, the causes were identified and corrective actions were presented.
提出了一种确定非平行非相交锥面齿轮主传动数据的解析计算方法。为了验证该方法并确定其局限性,进行了一项参数研究。因此,设计了一个两阶段的分数因子实验设计,故意改变传动参数。对于每个齿轮,以接触模式的位置、传动误差和预定齿轮间隙为质量特征,进行了卸载接触仿真。随后将模拟结果分为三个评估类别。由于所提方法的通用性,它也可用于其它渐开线齿轮的设计。通过对方程的修正,表明其适用于无轴角直齿齿轮副和轴角为90°的交叉斜齿齿轮副。采用大范围参数对锥面齿轮副以及圆柱齿轮副和交叉斜齿轮副进行了研究,结果证明了该方法的有效性。在评估异常的情况下,确定了原因并提出了纠正措施。
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引用次数: 1
A Load Distribution Model for Double-Planet Planetary Gear Sets 双行星行星齿轮组的载荷分配模型
Pub Date : 2019-11-25 DOI: 10.1115/detc2019-98512
Yong Hu, David Talbot, A. Kahraman
In this paper, a load distribution model for a double-planet planetary gear set is developed by modifying an existing single-planet planetary gear set model [1] to account for an additional planet to planet gear mesh and their impact on phasing relationship among different sun-planet, planet-planet and planet-ring gear meshes. Similar to the single-planet planetary gear set model, the double-planet planetary gear set model accounts for effects of various component and system level variations such as supporting conditions, gear tooth modifications, manufacturing errors and kinematic configurations. The double-planet planetary gear load distribution model is derived for both rigid and flexible ring gear rim, while only parametric studies for a rigid ring gear rim is presented in this paper to demonstrate load distribution characteristics of double-planet planetary gear sets with different planet bearing stiffness and combination of various types of manufacturing errors, including pin hole position error and runout errors.
本文通过对已有的单行星行星齿轮组模型[1]的改进,建立了双行星行星齿轮组的载荷分布模型,考虑了行星到行星齿轮啮合的增加及其对不同太阳行星、行星-行星和行星-环齿轮啮合的相位关系的影响。与单行星行星齿轮组模型类似,双行星行星齿轮组模型考虑了各种部件和系统级变化的影响,如支承条件、齿形修改、制造误差和运动配置。推导了双行星行星齿轮组刚性和柔性齿圈的载荷分布模型,而本文仅对刚性齿圈进行了参数化研究,以展示不同行星轴承刚度和不同制造误差(销孔位置误差和跳动误差)组合下双行星行星齿轮组的载荷分布特性。
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引用次数: 2
期刊
Volume 10: 2019 International Power Transmission and Gearing Conference
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