Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002779
S. Kurosaki, Y. Asai, T. Sugiyama, M. Umehira
This paper proposes space division multiplexed coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SDM-COFDM) scheme using inter-channel interference canceller for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels. It reduces the degradation due to inter-channel interference in SDM transmission with a feed-forward canceller multiplying the received symbols by the estimated propagation inverse matrix for each OFDM subcarrier. Moreover, the proposed likelihood-weighting scheme, which is based on each subcarrier's signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), enhances the error correction performance or soft decision Viterbi decoding. Computer simulation shows that the SDM-COFDM scheme achieves more than 100 Mbit/s per 20 MHz in frequency selective fading environments with the same carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) as the single channel COFDM.
{"title":"SDM-COFDM scheme using feed-forward inter-channel interference canceller for broadband mobile communications","authors":"S. Kurosaki, Y. Asai, T. Sugiyama, M. Umehira","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002779","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002779","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes space division multiplexed coded orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (SDM-COFDM) scheme using inter-channel interference canceller for multi-input multi-output (MIMO) channels. It reduces the degradation due to inter-channel interference in SDM transmission with a feed-forward canceller multiplying the received symbols by the estimated propagation inverse matrix for each OFDM subcarrier. Moreover, the proposed likelihood-weighting scheme, which is based on each subcarrier's signal-to-noise power ratio (SNR), enhances the error correction performance or soft decision Viterbi decoding. Computer simulation shows that the SDM-COFDM scheme achieves more than 100 Mbit/s per 20 MHz in frequency selective fading environments with the same carrier-to-noise ratio (CNR) as the single channel COFDM.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"10 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125854777","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002824
Zhiqiang Wu, C. Nassar, Suihua Lu
This paper proposes a novel maximum likelihood combining (MLC) scheme for MC-CDMA systems. Currently, minimized mean square error combining (MMSEC) is widely considered the best combining scheme for MC-CDMA. The MLC proposed in this paper is optimal from the standpoint of minimizing the probability of error performance. It is shown that MLC is very close to MMSEC in a fully loaded system, justifying the selection of MMSEC over other combining schemes. Moreover, when the load is small (as measured by number of users), MLC is shown to outperform MMSEC (and, other combining schemes).
{"title":"Maximum likelihood combining for MC-CDMA","authors":"Zhiqiang Wu, C. Nassar, Suihua Lu","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002824","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002824","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a novel maximum likelihood combining (MLC) scheme for MC-CDMA systems. Currently, minimized mean square error combining (MMSEC) is widely considered the best combining scheme for MC-CDMA. The MLC proposed in this paper is optimal from the standpoint of minimizing the probability of error performance. It is shown that MLC is very close to MMSEC in a fully loaded system, justifying the selection of MMSEC over other combining schemes. Moreover, when the load is small (as measured by number of users), MLC is shown to outperform MMSEC (and, other combining schemes).","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123338082","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002600
Tao Shu, Z. Niu
By using Gaussian approximation, the optimal number of simultaneous transmissions which maximizes system throughput in multi-code CDMA networks is derived as a function of system parameters including the processing gain, the packet length, and the correctable bit number. Based on this optimal number of simultaneous transmissions and the queue length of each user, a dynamic rate assignment scheme is proposed to support data users with different rate requirements while improving the system resource utilization efficiency. By numerical example the efficiency of the proposed scheme is verified.
{"title":"A dynamic rate assignment scheme for data traffic in cellular multi-code CDMA networks","authors":"Tao Shu, Z. Niu","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002600","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002600","url":null,"abstract":"By using Gaussian approximation, the optimal number of simultaneous transmissions which maximizes system throughput in multi-code CDMA networks is derived as a function of system parameters including the processing gain, the packet length, and the correctable bit number. Based on this optimal number of simultaneous transmissions and the queue length of each user, a dynamic rate assignment scheme is proposed to support data users with different rate requirements while improving the system resource utilization efficiency. By numerical example the efficiency of the proposed scheme is verified.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"37 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123416215","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002540
T. Fukasawa, Y. Nishioka, S. Makino, Y. Sunahara
We have proposed the new type of the antenna for the portable telephone built in the 'flip'. This antenna is composed of parallel lines and a dipole built-in 'flip'. The parallel lines are excited with out-of-phase and in-phase when the 'flip' is opened and closed, respectively. When the 'flip' is closed, i.e. on standby, we used the in-phase excitation of the feed lines to cause the induced current on the box. This current can improve the bandwidth under the closed 'flip' condition. When the 'flip' is opened, i.e. set near the human body for use, we used the out-of-phase excitation to keep the radiator away from the human body. The much higher efficiency can be obtained than that of the conventional monopole antenna. We verify the characteristics of the antenna with the FDTD method. The calculation is done at 2 GHz.
{"title":"Characteristics of a dipole antenna built-in a flip of a portable telephone","authors":"T. Fukasawa, Y. Nishioka, S. Makino, Y. Sunahara","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002540","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002540","url":null,"abstract":"We have proposed the new type of the antenna for the portable telephone built in the 'flip'. This antenna is composed of parallel lines and a dipole built-in 'flip'. The parallel lines are excited with out-of-phase and in-phase when the 'flip' is opened and closed, respectively. When the 'flip' is closed, i.e. on standby, we used the in-phase excitation of the feed lines to cause the induced current on the box. This current can improve the bandwidth under the closed 'flip' condition. When the 'flip' is opened, i.e. set near the human body for use, we used the out-of-phase excitation to keep the radiator away from the human body. The much higher efficiency can be obtained than that of the conventional monopole antenna. We verify the characteristics of the antenna with the FDTD method. The calculation is done at 2 GHz.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125370289","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002560
R. Nagareda, K. Fukawa, H. Suzuki
This paper proposes a new correction technique for the LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) transmitters. The technique, which is based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion, estimates the gain and phase imbalance between the two amplifier branches. With information on the estimation, the imbalance is compensated by controlling the amplitude and phase of the input signal that is fed into one of the two amplifiers. Computer simulations with the QPSK modulation demonstrate that this method can calibrate the balance and sufficiently suppress the out-of-band distortion spectra.
{"title":"An MMSE based calibration of LINC transmitter","authors":"R. Nagareda, K. Fukawa, H. Suzuki","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002560","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002560","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a new correction technique for the LInear amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC) transmitters. The technique, which is based on the minimum mean squared error (MMSE) criterion, estimates the gain and phase imbalance between the two amplifier branches. With information on the estimation, the imbalance is compensated by controlling the amplitude and phase of the input signal that is fed into one of the two amplifiers. Computer simulations with the QPSK modulation demonstrate that this method can calibrate the balance and sufficiently suppress the out-of-band distortion spectra.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115198588","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002684
C. Rentel, W. Krzymień, B. Darian, V. Vanghi, R. Elliott
This paper presents a comparison of the forward link performance of the HDR and 1XTREME systems. Both systems have been proposed as possible evolutionary paths for the 1.25 MHz cdma2000 system, and have been designed to enable high data rate packet transmission. Link-level performance is evaluated by chip-level time-domain simulation of the forward data traffic channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise, and is then used in a system-level simulator modeling a network of 19 three-sector cells. The system-level simulator accounts for slow and fast fading and two types of multipath channel profiles, as described by the pedestrian A and vehicular B ITU-R channel models. The packet scheduling is performed using a proportionally fair (PF) scheduler. The systems use bit rate adaptation and hybrid ARQ to achieve 1% packet error rate (PER). All users in the system are assumed to always have data packets available for transmission. System performance is evaluated for an embedded sector in terms of average sector throughput as a function of the number of users, distributions of data rates, and individual throughputs over a set of users. Results show the benefits of multiuser diversity exploited by the PF scheduler, and present throughput and fairness comparisons for the two systems.
{"title":"Comparative forward link traffic channel performance evaluation of HDR and 1XTREME systems","authors":"C. Rentel, W. Krzymień, B. Darian, V. Vanghi, R. Elliott","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002684","url":null,"abstract":"This paper presents a comparison of the forward link performance of the HDR and 1XTREME systems. Both systems have been proposed as possible evolutionary paths for the 1.25 MHz cdma2000 system, and have been designed to enable high data rate packet transmission. Link-level performance is evaluated by chip-level time-domain simulation of the forward data traffic channel in the presence of additive white Gaussian noise, and is then used in a system-level simulator modeling a network of 19 three-sector cells. The system-level simulator accounts for slow and fast fading and two types of multipath channel profiles, as described by the pedestrian A and vehicular B ITU-R channel models. The packet scheduling is performed using a proportionally fair (PF) scheduler. The systems use bit rate adaptation and hybrid ARQ to achieve 1% packet error rate (PER). All users in the system are assumed to always have data packets available for transmission. System performance is evaluated for an embedded sector in terms of average sector throughput as a function of the number of users, distributions of data rates, and individual throughputs over a set of users. Results show the benefits of multiuser diversity exploited by the PF scheduler, and present throughput and fairness comparisons for the two systems.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115566621","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002742
S. Wong, I. Wassell
A payoff function used in game theory is derived and a mixed strategy is applied to the fully distributed dynamic channel allocation (DCA) problem for a broadband fixed wireless access (BFWA) network using packet reservation multiple access (PRMA). DCA using least interfered (LI) and random channel allocation (RND) are simulated and their performance compared with the proposed DCA using game theory (GT).
{"title":"Application of game theory for distributed dynamic channel allocation","authors":"S. Wong, I. Wassell","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002742","url":null,"abstract":"A payoff function used in game theory is derived and a mixed strategy is applied to the fully distributed dynamic channel allocation (DCA) problem for a broadband fixed wireless access (BFWA) network using packet reservation multiple access (PRMA). DCA using least interfered (LI) and random channel allocation (RND) are simulated and their performance compared with the proposed DCA using game theory (GT).","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116017036","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002910
S. Vishwanath, Mohammad Mansour, A. Bahai
We motivate the need for a complexity based design for performing joint iterative equalization and decoding. This joint iterative process, which requires the exchange of soft information, incurs a huge complexity increase over hard-decision based algorithms. We introduce complexity as a design parameter and provide two different methodologies. The first approach is a combination of SOVA (soft output Viterbi algorithm) and DFSE (decision feedback sequence estimation), and is called soft-output DFSE (SO-DFSE). The second approach, called soft-decision DFSE (SD-DFSE) generalizes the notion of reliability to soft-decisions through the use of appropriately chosen functions. By varying the design parameters in both approaches, the module can range from being as simple as a soft output DFE to being as complex as a SOVA or APP (a posteriori probability). We conclude by presenting performance curves of iterative algorithms that utilize these modules.
{"title":"Complexity based design for iterative joint equalization and decoding","authors":"S. Vishwanath, Mohammad Mansour, A. Bahai","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002910","url":null,"abstract":"We motivate the need for a complexity based design for performing joint iterative equalization and decoding. This joint iterative process, which requires the exchange of soft information, incurs a huge complexity increase over hard-decision based algorithms. We introduce complexity as a design parameter and provide two different methodologies. The first approach is a combination of SOVA (soft output Viterbi algorithm) and DFSE (decision feedback sequence estimation), and is called soft-output DFSE (SO-DFSE). The second approach, called soft-decision DFSE (SD-DFSE) generalizes the notion of reliability to soft-decisions through the use of appropriately chosen functions. By varying the design parameters in both approaches, the module can range from being as simple as a soft output DFE to being as complex as a SOVA or APP (a posteriori probability). We conclude by presenting performance curves of iterative algorithms that utilize these modules.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"28 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116557943","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002777
F. Capar, I. Martoyo, T. Weiss, F. Jondral
Spectrum for mobile networks is becoming scarce and on the other hand plenty of sporadically used frequencies exist. The spectrum utilization of such spectra is very low, which is a reason to think about a way to make them available for commercial purpose without a drawback for the license owners. We recommend a strategy called spectrum pooling which is based on this idea. The notion spectrum pool was first mentioned by Mitola III (see Proc. IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications, p.3-10, 1999). In a spectrum pooling system the license owner of the spectrum allows priorly specified candidate renters to use his spectrum until he needs his spectrum himself. The renters of the spectrum may be treated in two different ways. One way is that communication processes of spectrum renters can persist as long as there are channels for the processes of the license owners. The other way is that the owner has no knowledge whether the channels are occupied by renters or not and treat the channels used by renters like free channels. In both cases the renters have to measure the interference level in the channel after dedicated time intervals and have to leave the channel within the time interval T/sub p/ as soon as the interference exceeds a prior specified threshold. We compare the spectrum utilization, blocking probability and forced termination probability for these two different channel access schemes.
{"title":"Comparison of bandwidth utilization for controlled and uncontrolled channel assignment in a spectrum pooling system","authors":"F. Capar, I. Martoyo, T. Weiss, F. Jondral","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002777","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002777","url":null,"abstract":"Spectrum for mobile networks is becoming scarce and on the other hand plenty of sporadically used frequencies exist. The spectrum utilization of such spectra is very low, which is a reason to think about a way to make them available for commercial purpose without a drawback for the license owners. We recommend a strategy called spectrum pooling which is based on this idea. The notion spectrum pool was first mentioned by Mitola III (see Proc. IEEE International Workshop on Mobile Multimedia Communications, p.3-10, 1999). In a spectrum pooling system the license owner of the spectrum allows priorly specified candidate renters to use his spectrum until he needs his spectrum himself. The renters of the spectrum may be treated in two different ways. One way is that communication processes of spectrum renters can persist as long as there are channels for the processes of the license owners. The other way is that the owner has no knowledge whether the channels are occupied by renters or not and treat the channels used by renters like free channels. In both cases the renters have to measure the interference level in the channel after dedicated time intervals and have to leave the channel within the time interval T/sub p/ as soon as the interference exceeds a prior specified threshold. We compare the spectrum utilization, blocking probability and forced termination probability for these two different channel access schemes.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122371562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2002-08-07DOI: 10.1109/VTC.2002.1002688
S. Affes, Jian Zhang, P. Mermelstein
We propose a carrier frequency offset recovery (CFOR) module for CDMA to operate with STAR, the spatio-temporal array-receiver. The new CFOR module implements simple linear regression (LR), similar in approach to that implemented for time-delay synchronization in STAR. Simulations in selective Rayleigh-fading channels at various mobile speeds show that an increasing carrier frequency offset (CFO) severely degrades the capacity of a CDMA system, the relative loss being more significant at low mobility and transmission rate. CFOR with STAR reduces the effect of CFO and compensates almost completely the capacity loss. Relative capacity gains due to CFOR increase with the CFO. For nomadic voice and data-rates, the capacity gain is in the range of 270 and 150% respectively, at a CFO of about 1 ppm.
{"title":"Carrier frequency offset recovery for CDMA array-receivers in selective Rayleigh-fading channels","authors":"S. Affes, Jian Zhang, P. Mermelstein","doi":"10.1109/VTC.2002.1002688","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/VTC.2002.1002688","url":null,"abstract":"We propose a carrier frequency offset recovery (CFOR) module for CDMA to operate with STAR, the spatio-temporal array-receiver. The new CFOR module implements simple linear regression (LR), similar in approach to that implemented for time-delay synchronization in STAR. Simulations in selective Rayleigh-fading channels at various mobile speeds show that an increasing carrier frequency offset (CFO) severely degrades the capacity of a CDMA system, the relative loss being more significant at low mobility and transmission rate. CFOR with STAR reduces the effect of CFO and compensates almost completely the capacity loss. Relative capacity gains due to CFOR increase with the CFO. For nomadic voice and data-rates, the capacity gain is in the range of 270 and 150% respectively, at a CFO of about 1 ppm.","PeriodicalId":159750,"journal":{"name":"Vehicular Technology Conference. IEEE 55th Vehicular Technology Conference. VTC Spring 2002 (Cat. No.02CH37367)","volume":"117 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2002-08-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122086586","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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