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Dialkene-Induced Radical Cycle Amplification and Reactive Aldehydes Formation: Synergistic Impacts on Ozone Production 二联烯诱导的自由基循环放大和活性醛的形成:对臭氧产生的协同影响
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD045448
Chuanqi Gu, Shanshan Wang, Yuhao Yan, Dan Jin, JunTao Huo, Shijian Wu, Mark Wenig, Bin Zhou

Dialkenes, such as isoprene and 1,3-butadiene (BD), are highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs) that undergo rapid atmospheric oxidation driving radical cycles and secondary pollutant formation. Field measurements in Shanghai, China during spring and summer identified distinct characteristics: anthropogenic BD dominated dialkene levels in spring enhancing formaldehyde (HCHO) formation, whereas biogenic isoprene prevailed in summer correlating with elevated glyoxal (CHOCHO). Box model simulations revealed that dialkene chemistry enhanced ROx cycle rates by over 10% under BD-dominant and 40% under isoprene-dominant conditions contributing nearly half of reactive aldehyde formation. Further simulations on O3 indicate that the reactive aldehydes formed from dialkenes exert an influence nearly equivalent to the direct impact of dialkenes. Varying dialkenes composition and abundance modulate ROx activity and secondary aldehydes formation. Accurate identification of these HRVOCs and their oxidative products is crucial for clarifying primary-secondary VOC–O3 interactions and for developing targeted O3 reduction strategies.

异戊二烯和1,3-丁二烯(BD)等二烯类化合物是高活性的挥发性有机化合物(HRVOCs),它们会经历快速的大气氧化,驱动自由基循环和二次污染物的形成。春季和夏季在中国上海进行的实地测量发现了明显的特征:春季增强甲醛(HCHO)形成过程中,人为双酚二烯主导了二烯水平,而夏季生物源异戊二烯则主导了乙醛(CHOCHO)升高。盒子模型模拟结果显示,在苯二烯为主导的条件下,二烯化学反应使ROx循环速率提高了10%以上,在异戊二烯为主导的条件下提高了40%,贡献了近一半的活性醛生成。对O3的进一步模拟表明,由dialkenes形成的反应性醛的影响几乎相当于dialkenes的直接影响。不同的二烯组成和丰度调节ROx活性和仲醛的形成。准确识别这些HRVOCs及其氧化产物对于阐明vocs - O3的主次相互作用和制定有针对性的O3还原策略至关重要。
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引用次数: 0
When Rain Meets Surge: Assessing Future Typhoon-Driven Compound Flood Hazard Profiles in a Rapidly Urbanizing Delta 当雨遇到浪涌:在快速城市化的三角洲评估未来台风驱动的复合洪水灾害概况
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-04 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044140
Yu Li, Qinghua Ye, Jianhui Wei, Joël Arnault, Hanqing Xu, Qiaodan Liu, Zhan Tian, Laixiang Sun, Harald Kunstmann, Patrick Laux

Typhoon-induced Compound Flood (TCF), driven by the combined impact of extreme rainfall and increasing coastal water level (CWL), poses a substantial threat to urban safety. This study presents a framework for assessing the future compound flood hazard profiles in a coastal megacity in the Delta region of southern China. A coupled hydrology-hydrodynamic model is applied to simulate the flooding processes of 7 typhoon events. Scenarios are constructed using all possible pairwise combinations of three rainfall and three CWL conditions. These inputs are derived from statistical and dynamical downscaling of climate projections from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP6) ensemble under the SSP5-8.5 pathway. The results show that future CWL rise contributes more to future inundation than increasing rainfall, whereas rainfall contributions exhibit considerable uncertainties due to regional rainfall downscaling. Under extreme warming scenarios, future typhoons may produce increases of up to 230 mm in total rainfall and 28 mm per hour in rainfall intensity, which in turn increase the average urban inundation depth and area by 1.2 cm and 24.7 km2 $mathrm{k}{mathrm{m}}^{mathrm{2}}$, respectively. Given an average CWL of 170 cm and a maximum CWL of 440 cm in the future, the inundation depth and area could increase by up to 8.4 cm and 29 km2 $mathrm{k}{mathrm{m}}^{mathrm{2}}$, respectively. Within the 7 typhoons in this study, Hagupit (2014) exhibits the most notable compound effect, potentially expanding the medium-to-high risk area (inundation depth above 27 cm) by over 5%. This study demonstrates that climate change may intensify TCF, requiring flood-mitigating measures to consider rainfall-CWL interactions.

台风复合洪水是由极端降水和沿海水位上升共同驱动的,对城市安全构成重大威胁。本研究提出了一个评估中国南方三角洲沿海特大城市未来复合洪水灾害特征的框架。应用水文-水动力耦合模型模拟了7次台风的洪涝过程。使用三种降雨和三种CWL条件的所有可能成对组合构建情景。这些输入来自耦合模式比对项目(CMIP6)在SSP5-8.5路径下对气候预估的统计和动力降尺度。结果表明,未来海平面上升对未来淹没的贡献大于降雨增加,而降雨贡献由于区域降雨降尺度而表现出相当大的不确定性。在极端变暖情景下,未来台风可能会使总降雨量增加230毫米,降雨强度增加28毫米/小时,从而使城市平均淹没深度和面积分别增加1.2厘米和24.7公里/平方米($ mathm {k}}{ mathm {m}}^{ mathm{2}}$)。假设未来平均水长线为170 cm,最大水长线为440 cm,淹没深度和面积将分别增加8.4 cm和29 km2 2 $ mathm {k}{ mathm {m}}^{ mathm{2}}$。在本研究的7个台风中,黑格比(2014)表现出最显著的复合效应,可能将中高风险区域(淹没深度大于27 cm)扩大5%以上。该研究表明,气候变化可能加剧TCF,需要采取防洪措施来考虑降雨- cwl的相互作用。
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引用次数: 0
Mechanisms and Atmospheric Drivers of Arctic Multiyear Sea Ice Loss 北极多年海冰损失的机制和大气驱动因素
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044859
Mengqi Hu, Haibo Bi, Yuanlong Li

Employing the spaceborne observations from scatterometers (QuikSCAT and ASCAT), we quantify the contributions of different mechanisms to the Arctic MYI area changes over two decades (1999/2000–2017/2018). Specifically, the loss mechanisms (export, melt, deformation) and gain mechanism (replenishment) associated with MYI area variations are examined. On average, there was an annual (October-September) MYI area loss of 1,080.3 × 103 km2 due to export, melt, and deformation of 749.2 × 103 km2, 222.5 × 103 km2, and 108.6 × 103 km2, respectively. The substantial MYI depletion was largely offset by replenishment from the aging of first-year ice (FYI) at the end of the melt season, which on average amounted to 993.8 × 103 km2 in the Arctic Ocean. Therefore, a net annual MYI area loss of −86.5 × 103 km2 emerged in the Arctic. The consecutive occurrence of the anomalously low MYI replenishment from 2005 to 2007 was responsible for the dramatic decadal decline of MYI area between the QuikSCAT (P1:2000-2008) and ASCAT (P2: 2009–2018) periods from 3.29 × 106 km2 during P1 dropping a half to 1.61 × 106 km2 during P2. Moreover, the recently enhanced melt and deformation processes were favorable in maintaining the Arctic MYI at the low-level coverage during P2 relative to P1. The thermodynamic (melt and replenishment) and dynamic mechanisms (export) related to MYI variations are linked to Dipole Anomaly (DA), whereas North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) acts to influence the thermodynamic mechanism (melt and replenishment). On the other hand, no significant connection is identified for Arctic Oscillation (AO) or Barents-Beaufort Oscillation (BBO).

利用星载散射计(QuikSCAT和ASCAT)的观测数据,我们量化了不同机制对北极MYI面积变化的贡献,这些贡献来自1999/2000-2017/2018二十年。具体来说,与MYI面积变化相关的损失机制(出口、融化、变形)和获得机制(补充)进行了研究。平均每年(10 - 9月)MYI因出口、融化和变形造成的面积损失分别为749.2 × 103 km2、222.5 × 103 km2和108.6 × 103 km2,分别为1080.3 × 103 km2。大量的MYI耗竭在很大程度上被融化季结束时一年冰(FYI)老化的补充所抵消,在北冰洋平均达到993.8 × 103 km2。因此,北极的年MYI面积净损失为- 86.5 × 103 km2。2005 - 2007年连续出现的MYI补给异常低是QuikSCAT (P1:2000-2008)和ASCAT (P2: 2009-2018)期间MYI面积急剧下降的原因,从P1期间的3.29 × 106 km2下降到P2期间的1.61 × 106 km2。此外,近期融化和变形过程的增强有利于将北极MYI维持在P2期相对于P1期的低覆盖度。与MYI变化相关的热力机制(融化和补给)和动力机制(输出)与偶极子异常(DA)有关,而北大西洋涛动(NAO)影响热力机制(融化和补给)。另一方面,没有发现北极涛动(AO)或巴伦支-波弗特涛动(BBO)的显著联系。
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引用次数: 0
ENSO Modulation of Interannual Variability in the First Occurrence of MJO and BSISO Events ENSO对MJO和BSISO事件首次发生的年际变化的调制
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-03 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD043583
Bin Tian, Shuguang Wang

This study investigates the interannual variability in the first occurrence dates of the first Madden Julian Oscillation (FMJO) and the first Boreal Summer Intraseasonal Oscillation (FBSISO) events over the Indian Ocean during 1940–2022. The FMJO typically occurs in November, whereas the FBSISO mainly occurs in early May. The FMJO onset exhibits substantially larger interannual variability. The timing of both phenomena is strongly influenced by the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), which modulates large scale atmospheric conditions, particularly through column moisture anomalies. The leading Empirical Orthogonal Function (EOF) mode of April column moisture anomalies displays a meridional dipolar pattern over the Indian Ocean. Its associated principal component (PC) time series shows a statistically significant correlation with the FBSISO onset date, indicating that a strong meridional moisture contrast with positive anomalies over the northern Indian Ocean favors an earlier FBSISO onset. The leading EOF mode of November column moisture anomalies exhibits a zonal dipolar pattern extending from the western equatorial Indian Ocean to the Maritime Continent, with a pronounced meridional contrast over the Maritime Continent. The corresponding PC is significantly correlated with the FMJO onset date, suggesting that a zonal moisture contrast with higher moisture over the western Pacific favors an earlier FMJO onset. These moisture anomalies are closely linked to ENSO conditions. Consequently, ENSO also modulates the onset timing of these events, although the onset dates show weaker correlations with ENSO than with monthly moisture anomalies. The physical mechanisms underlying the distinct responses of the FMJO and FBSISO to ENSO remain to be elucidated.

本文研究了1940-2022年印度洋第一次麦登-朱利安涛动(FMJO)和第一次北方夏季季内涛动(FBSISO)事件首次发生日期的年际变化。FMJO通常发生在11月,而FBSISO主要发生在5月初。FMJO的发病表现出更大的年际变异性。这两种现象的时间都受到厄尔Niño南方涛动(ENSO)的强烈影响,它调节大尺度大气条件,特别是通过柱湿度异常。4月印度洋上空水汽异常的主导经验正交函数(EOF)模态表现为经向偶极型。其相关主成分(PC)时间序列与FBSISO爆发日期具有显著的统计相关性,表明印度洋北部强烈的经向水汽对比和正异常有利于FBSISO更早爆发。11月水汽异常柱的主导EOF模态表现为从赤道西印度洋到海洋大陆的纬向偶极型,在海洋大陆上空有明显的经向对比。对应的PC值与FMJO的发生日期有显著的相关性,表明西太平洋纬向水汽相对较高有利于FMJO的早期发生。这些水分异常与ENSO条件密切相关。因此,ENSO也调节了这些事件的发生时间,尽管发生日期与ENSO的相关性弱于与月湿度异常的相关性。FMJO和FBSISO对ENSO的不同反应背后的物理机制仍有待阐明。
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引用次数: 0
Improving Methane Emission Estimates in Gippsland: Insights From Bayesian Inversion and In Situ Observations 改进吉普斯兰甲烷排放估算:来自贝叶斯反演和原位观测的见解
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044299
Sougol Aghdasi, Peter J. Rayner, Nicholas M. Deutscher, Jeremy D. Silver, Travis Naylor, Christopher G. R. Caldow

This study refines methane emission estimates for southeastern Australia's Gippsland region in 2019 through high-resolution atmospheric inverse modeling. Methane observations from three in situ monitoring sites were assimilated into a Bayesian four-dimensional variational inversion framework coupled with the Community Multiscale Air Quality model, employing prior emissions from the Open Methane Database (2024). Posterior results revealed increased emissions in the eastern region, particularly near gas infrastructure and wastewater facilities, suggesting that these sources may be underrepresented in prior inventories. In contrast, a consistent decline in methane emissions was observed across all months in the central-western part of the domain, where coal mining and power generation are concentrated. This decline is likely linked to the predominance of brown coal in the region, which emits substantially less methane than black coal, a distinction not clearly captured in the study inventory, potentially leading to overestimated emissions. Additionally, the most significant reduction in the entire studied domain occurred in February 2019, with emissions decreasing by approximately 30% relative to prior estimates. Sensitivity analyses and comparisons with the Emissions Database for Global Atmospheric Research inventory support the robustness of these findings. While total emissions across data sets were broadly similar, differences in spatial distribution led to notable variations in posterior outcomes. These results highlight the importance of incorporating local knowledge into emission inventories and the need for more detailed classification of emission sources, particularly coal type, to improve methane emission estimates at regional scales.

这项研究通过高分辨率大气反演模型,改进了2019年澳大利亚东南部吉普斯兰地区的甲烷排放估算。利用开放甲烷数据库(2024)的先前排放,将三个原位监测点的甲烷观测数据同化为贝叶斯四维变分反演框架,并与社区多尺度空气质量模型相结合。后验结果显示,东部地区的排放量增加,特别是在天然气基础设施和废水处理设施附近,这表明这些来源在先前的清单中可能代表性不足。相比之下,在煤炭开采和发电集中的中西部地区,甲烷排放量在所有月份都在持续下降。这种下降可能与该地区以褐煤为主有关,褐煤排放的甲烷比黑煤少得多,这一区别在研究清单中没有明确体现,可能导致高估排放量。此外,整个研究领域最显著的减少发生在2019年2月,与先前的估计相比,排放量减少了约30%。敏感性分析和与全球大气研究清单排放数据库的比较支持了这些发现的稳健性。虽然各数据集的总排放量大致相似,但空间分布的差异导致了后验结果的显著差异。这些结果突出了将当地知识纳入排放清单的重要性,以及需要对排放源,特别是煤炭类型进行更详细的分类,以改进区域尺度上的甲烷排放估计。
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引用次数: 0
Typhoon Subsidence Intensity Flips Surface Ozone Spikes From Photochemical Production to Vertical Transport 台风沉降强度使地表臭氧峰值从光化学生产转向垂直运输
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044948
Hongcheng Lu, Jianqiang Zeng, Wei Song, Chenglei Pei, Jinpu Zhang, Xiao Tian, Wenhao Tang, Le Fang, Yanli Zhang, Lei Geng, Xinming Wang

Peripheral subsidence of Northwest Pacific typhoons can trigger extreme surface ozone episodes, yet the relative contributions of local chemistry and vertical transport remain poorly constrained. Here we measured 30-min aerodynamic gradient fluxes of NOx, O3, and CO at 118 and 168 m on Canton Tower (Pearl River Delta) during 2 September typhoons in 2021 and 2022. Surface O3 climbed by >50% in both events. In September 2021, moderate subsidence created hot, stagnant conditions that accelerated local photochemical ozone production, yielding upward O3 flux. In September 2022, stronger, long-lived subsidence instead injected ozone-rich air from aloft, causing downward O3 flux despite favorable chemistry. This flux evidence demonstrates that subsidence intensity toggles the balance between local production and vertical transport of ozone, informing forecasts of coastal extreme-ozone risk.

西北太平洋台风的外围沉降可以引发极端的地面臭氧事件,但当地化学和垂直输送的相对贡献仍然不太清楚。本文测量了2021年和2022年9月2次台风期间广州塔(珠江三角洲)118和168 m处NOx、O3和CO的30 min气动梯度通量。在这两项比赛中,Surface O3都上升了50%。2021年9月,适度的下沉产生了炎热、停滞的条件,加速了当地光化学臭氧的产生,导致O3通量上升。2022年9月,强度更大、持续时间更长的下沉反而从高空注入了富含臭氧的空气,尽管化学反应有利,但仍导致臭氧通量下降。这一通量证据表明,下沉强度改变了臭氧在当地产生和垂直输送之间的平衡,为沿海极端臭氧风险的预测提供了信息。
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引用次数: 0
Response of the Migrating Solar Semidiurnal Tide to Arctic and Antarctic Stratospheric Polar Vortices: A Comprehensive Study 太阳半日潮迁移对北极和南极平流层极涡响应的综合研究
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-02-02 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD045307
Sunil Kumar, Jens Oberheide, Xian Lu

In this study, we use the Specified Dynamics Whole Atmosphere Community Climate Model with thermosphere-ionosphere eXtension (SD-WACCM-X) to investigate how the migrating solar semidiurnal tide (SW2) in the mesosphere and lower thermosphere (MLT) responds to the strength of Arctic and Antarctic Stratospheric Polar Vortices (SPVs). SW2 shows a substantial response to both SPVs, though the Antarctic influence is weaker. During boreal winter, 50% of SW2 variability is linked to Arctic SPV strength, while 34% during austral spring is associated with Antarctic SPV. Classical tidal theory Hough modes (HMs) of SW2 point to a clear relationship between the HMs and Arctic SPV with the most significant change occurring in the first antisymmetric (2,3) HM. However, only the second symmetric (2,4) HM responds significantly to the Antarctic SPV. These distinctive differences in HMs arise from dynamic changes in the stratosphere and MLT. Stratospheric ozone contributes only 6%–10% to the (2,2) HM during weak state of Arctic SPV and shows no significant influence under Antarctic SPV variability. As such, HM variabilities are primarily caused by changes in background neutral winds during weak and strong Arctic and Antarctic SPVs rather than changes in stratospheric ozone heating. In addition, the zonal momentum budget of each HM of SW2 is analyzed. The classical term (Coriolis + pressure gradient forcing) exhibits the largest variations with the strength of the Arctic and Antarctic SPVs, followed by the advection term.

本文利用具有热层-电离层扩展的特定动力学全大气群落气候模式(SD-WACCM-X),研究了中低层热层(MLT)的太阳半日潮(SW2)迁移对北极和南极平流层极地涡旋(spv)强度的响应。SW2对这两种spv均有实质性响应,但南极的影响较弱。在北方冬季,50%的SW2变率与北极SPV强度有关,而在南方春季,34%与南极SPV有关。SW2的经典潮汐理论霍夫模态(HMs)表明HMs与北极SPV之间存在明确的关系,其中最显著的变化发生在第一个反对称(2,3)HM。然而,只有第二对称(2,4)HM对南极SPV有显著响应。这些显著的HMs差异来自于平流层和MLT的动态变化。在北极SPV弱状态下,平流层臭氧对(2,2)HM的贡献仅为6% ~ 10%,在南极SPV变率下,平流层臭氧对(2,2)HM的影响不显著。因此,HM变率主要是由弱和强北极和南极spv期间背景中性风的变化引起的,而不是平流层臭氧加热的变化。此外,还分析了SW2各HM的纬向动量收支。经典项(科里奥利+压力梯度强迫)随北极和南极spv强度的变化最大,其次是平流项。
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引用次数: 0
Photochemical Aging of Organic Aerosols Drives the Enhancement of Carbon-13 Isotope Ratios of Oxalic, Malonic, Glyoxylic Acids and Total Carbon During the Arctic Polar Sunrise 有机气溶胶光化学老化驱动北极极地日出期间草酸、丙二酸、乙醛酸和总碳碳-13同位素比值的增强
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD045420
Kimitaka Kawamura, Tomomi Watanabe, Hideki Kasukabe, Leonard A. Barrie

Compound-specific stable carbon isotope ratios (δ13C) were measured for low molecular weight aliphatic (C2–C6) dicarboxylic acids, phthalic acid, glyoxylic acid and glyoxal in Arctic aerosols collected at Alert (82.5°N) in late winter to early summer. Between dark winter in late February/early March to completely sunlit conditions in May the δ13C of many organic acids increased: (a) oxalic acid (C2) from −23‰ to −5‰, (b) malonic acid (C3, a precursor of C2) from −28‰ to −17‰, and (c) glyoxylic acid (ωC2, −18‰ to −10‰), also a precursor of C2. In contrast, glyoxal, another precursor of oxalic acid and succinic acid, showed a wide variation from dark to light and no clear seasonal trend. Concentrations of C2, ωC2 and C3 declined when their δ13C increased in April to May. The enrichment of 13C occurred during the preferential breaking of 12C–12C over 12C–13C bond in oxalic and other acids as solar radiation increased during polar sunrise. Photochemically driven variations in the isotopic enrichment of 13C of C2 and related compounds that are a minor fraction of aerosol total carbon (TC), nevertheless they are the main source of variation in the δ13C values of TC during polar sunrise in the Arctic because the weakness of 12C–12C bond compared to 12C–13C bond is more pronounced for carboxylic acids than other species contributing to TC. This study on 13C signature of these species allows to gain information on their poorly known atmospheric budget in spite of the fact that they are ubiquitous in the atmosphere.

测定了冬末夏初在阿勒特(82.5°N)采集的北极气溶胶中低分子量脂肪族(C2-C6)二羧酸、邻苯二甲酸、乙醛酸和乙二醛的化合物特异性稳定碳同位素δ13C。从2月底/ 3月初的黑暗冬季到5月的完全日照条件下,许多有机酸的δ13C增加了:(a)草酸(C2)从- 23‰增加到- 5‰,(b)丙二酸(C3, C2的前体)从- 28‰增加到- 17‰,(c)乙醛酸(ωC2, - 18‰到- 10‰),也是C2的前体。相比之下,草酸和琥珀酸的另一前体乙二醛从暗到亮变化很大,没有明显的季节趋势。4 ~ 5月,随着δ13C的增加,C2、ωC2和C3的浓度下降。随着太阳辐射的增加,13C的富集发生在草酸和其他酸中12C-12C键比12C-13C键优先断裂。光化学驱动的C2和相关化合物的13C同位素富集变化是气溶胶总碳(TC)的一小部分,但它们是北极极地日出期间TC δ13C值变化的主要来源,因为羧酸与12C-13C键相比,12C-12C键的弱点比其他贡献TC的物质更为明显。尽管这些物种在大气中无处不在,但对这些物种的13C特征的研究可以获得关于它们知之甚少的大气预算的信息。
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引用次数: 0
Variable Resolution Simulations Over the Tibetan Plateau: Insights From MPAS-A Transitioning Across Convective-Permitting, Gray Zone, and Quasi-Hydrostatic Scales 青藏高原的变分辨率模拟:来自mpas的见解——跨越对流允许、灰色地带和准流体静力尺度的过渡
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044470
Yiyuan Cheng, Yutong Lu, Peifeng Zhou, Jianping Tang

This study performs global variable resolution (VR) experiments using the Model for Prediction Across Scale-Atmosphere (MPAS-A) to simulate 3 years of July over the Tibetan Plateau (TP) at grid resolutions of 60, 60–10, and 60–3 km, transitioning from convective-permitting to quasi-hydrostatic scales. The re-initialization approach is used to constrain the background fields under the same parameterizations. The features analyzed here include mean spatial distribution, diurnal cycle, and evolution of every precipitation event. At coarser resolutions, MPAS-A misrepresents precipitation duration, with excessive rainfall persistence due to overly strong instability and weak intensity. Finer resolutions (especially 3 km) markedly improve sub-daily precipitation over the TP by resolving event durations, reducing the drizzle-like overestimation of long-duration rainfall at 60 km. These gains stem from sharper capture of onset-time forcing peaks (surface heating and moisture convergence) and faster instability removal, together with a weaker, non-linear dependence on moisture convergence and an enhanced representation of cessation. Overall, ∼10 km yields robust improvements with fewer artifacts, while 3 km offers the strongest sub-daily benefits but demands additional high-resolution observations for validation.

本研究利用跨尺度-大气预测模式(MPAS-A)进行了全球变分辨率(VR)实验,模拟了青藏高原(TP) 3年7月的气候变化,网格分辨率分别为60、60 - 10和60 - 3 km,从对流允许尺度过渡到准流体静力尺度。重新初始化方法用于在相同的参数化下约束背景字段。本文分析了各降水事件的平均空间分布、日循环和演变特征。在较粗的分辨率下,MPAS-A错误地反映了降水持续时间,由于过于强烈的不稳定性和弱强度,降水持续时间过长。更精细的分辨率(尤其是3公里)通过分辨事件持续时间显著改善了青藏高原的次日降水,减少了对60公里长持续降水的类似毛毛雨的高估。这些收益源于更清晰地捕捉到启动时间强迫峰值(地表加热和水汽辐合)和更快地消除不稳定性,以及对水汽辐合的更弱的非线性依赖和增强的停止表示。总体而言,~ 10公里产生了强大的改进,伪影较少,而3公里提供了最强的亚日效益,但需要额外的高分辨率观测来验证。
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引用次数: 0
Interdecadal Variability of East Asian Summer Atmospheric Rivers: Dominant Modes and Their Transition in the Late 1970s 20世纪70年代末东亚夏季大气河流的年代际变率:主要模式及其转变
IF 3.4 2区 地球科学 Q2 METEOROLOGY & ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES Pub Date : 2026-01-31 DOI: 10.1029/2025JD044944
Wenshuo Huang, Dong Si, Dabang Jiang

Based on seven reanalysis data sets and three atmospheric river (AR) detection algorithms, we investigate the dominant interdecadal modes of East Asian (EA) summer atmospheric rivers (ARs) from 1940 to 2024. The first mode exhibits a monopole pattern characterized by coherent AR enhancement, associated with a low-level anomalous anticyclone and an intensified western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH). The anomalous anticyclone is maintained by the meridional wave train induced from the western tropical Pacific under the anomalous Indo-West Pacific Walker circulation triggered by the negative sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) over the southern Indian Ocean (IO), which is closely linked to the IO Basin mode. The second mode presents a zonal dipole pattern featured by opposite AR anomalies, corresponding to a pair of low-level anomalous cyclonic and anticyclonic circulations and the northeastward WNPSH retreat. The dipole circulation is mainly sustained by the meridional wave train excited from the Maritime Continent (MC) when cold tropical eastern Pacific SSTAs and warm MC SSTAs generate an anomalous Pacific Walker circulation, accompanied by the combined effect of a wave train from the mid-latitudes. The second mode is significantly modulated by the Pacific Decadal Oscillation. Particularly, the dominant EA AR mode varied from the monopole to dipole modes around 1977/1978 due to changes in oceanic forcing from the Indian to the Pacific Ocean, leading to a shift in EA AR frequency from an increasing trend to a relatively stable state.

基于7个再分析数据集和3种大气河(AR)探测算法,研究了1940 - 2024年东亚夏季大气河(AR)的主要年代际模式。第一模态表现为单极型,其特征是相干AR增强,与低层异常反气旋和北太平洋副热带高压(WNPSH)增强有关。南印度洋(IO)海面温度负异常(SSTAs)引发的印度洋-西太平洋Walker环流诱发的热带西太平洋经向波列维持了该异常反气旋,与印度洋盆地模态密切相关。第二模态表现为纬向偶极子型,其特征为相反的AR异常,对应于一对低层异常气旋和反气旋环流,以及西太平洋副高向东北方向的撤退。偶极子环流主要由来自海洋大陆(MC)的经向波列维持,当寒冷的热带东太平洋ssta和温暖的MC ssta产生异常的太平洋Walker环流时,伴随着来自中纬度的波列的联合作用。第二个模态受到太平洋年代际涛动的显著调制。特别是,在1977/1978年前后,由于印度洋到太平洋的海洋强迫变化,主导的EA AR模态从单极子模态转变为偶极子模态,导致EA AR频率从增加趋势转变为相对稳定状态。
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Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
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