Journal of immunoassay & immunochemistry最新文献

Identification of biomarkers is crucial in guiding the treatment decision and improving the future outcomes of DLBCL. The aim of the current study is to detect the biochemical and clinical impacts of miR-150 and miR-21 expression levels in DLBCL. Quantification of serum miR-150 and miR-21 expression levels by real-time PCR after micro-RNA extraction and RT-PCR. At a cutoff point of 2.3 for miR-21, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for diagnosis of DLBCL were 98%, 90%, 90.7%, and 97.8%, respectively. At cut-off point (≤19.12) the sensitivity, specificity, the positive predictive and negative predictive values of miR-21 to discriminate stage IV vs stage II DLBCL patients were 68.42%, 80%, 86.7%%,and 57.1%, respectively. Serum miR-150 and serum miR-21 can be used as diagnostic markers for DLBCL patients, but miR-21 is more sensitive than miR-150. Serum miR-21 can be used as prognostic marker for DLBCL patients. It was more sensitive and more specific than miR-150.

Leptin, produced by adipocytes, regulates metabolism, hunger, and immune response. The inflammatory role of leptin has been linked to autoimmune diseases. To assess leptin gene polymorphism and serum level in alopecia areata and their relation to metabolic syndrome (MS). This case-control study was conducted on 100 alopecia areata patients (50 with MS and 50 without MS) and 50 age- and gender-matched controls. Leptin gene polymorphism and serum level were assessed through the use of PCR and ELISA, respectively. GG genotype was the highest in AA with MS (54%), lower in AA without MS (42%), and the lowest in controls (20%). G allele was more expressed in cases, than in controls (P < .001). The serum leptin level was the highest in AA with MS, lower in AA without MS, and the lowest in controls (P value = 0.001). Leptin level was significantly higher in GG polymorphism than AG and AA. Leptin gene polymorphism (GG genotype) and serum level appear to play a significant role in AA. Absent difference regarding leptin gene polymorphism and MS might indicate a separate inflammatory role of leptin or the future risk of MS development in AA patients.

Urinary bladder cancer incidence varies all over the world. Egypt displays high incidence rates. Molecular subtyping helps risk stratification and personalized treatment. Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) in the tumor microenvironment may provoke tumor-promotion or tumor suppression. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) is a marker of CAFs, suggested to accelerate tumor progression in various cancers. In urothelial carcinoma, investigations regarding impact of FAP expression on prognosis are needed. This work aims to study impact of FAP expression in urothelial carcinoma and find its relation to CK 5/6 (basal) expressed and CK 20 (luminal) expressed immunohistochemical markers. This retrospective study included 70 urothelial carcinoma specimens. Immunohistochemistry was performed and results were analyzed. FAP was expressed in 67.1% of cases and showed significant association with advanced tumor stage, muscle invasion, mitoses in tumor cells and stratified groups; as 73.9% of FAP positive cases were of Ck5/6+/Ck20- (basal subtype). All studied parameters did not show significant association with patient's overall survival. In conclusion, FAP could have a role in modulating tumor microenvironment and promoting tumor invasion. FAP is correlated with basal subtype of urothelial carcinoma, which may be an indicator of tumor aggressiveness. FAP antagonists may be helpful in preventing tumor progression.

Lateral flow immunoassay is the leading Point of Care test and is becoming increasingly essential for its versatile properties. The attraction of lateral flow assay (LFA) has reached its prime position during recent SARS-CoV-2 pandemic and Ebola, Zika epidemics in third world countries where primary screening of the disease and financial issues are very important. During the last decade traditional methodology of LFA was limited to visual detection and qualitative assessment only. However, recently researchers are focusing on the development and improvement of this tool to enhance its specificity, assessment power (quantitative) to make it an alternative to traditional lab-based technology. Modifying working principle and instrumentation, combination of different modern molecular techniques such as Reverse transcription loop mediated isothermal amplification (RT-LAMP), Clustered regularly inter-spaced short palindromic repeat (CRISPR-Cas), Recombinase amplification polymerase (RPA), also association of image-based software, involvement of nanotechnology, implementation of LFA ruler have established authenticity and ultra-specific detection level. These leading immunochromatographic techniques offer simultaneous detection of different analytes from a single sample unit into one multiplex strip and provide the necessary information. This review is a foremost attempt to encompass recent advances of lateral flow assays in combination with molecular biology techniques along with improvements of assay components for improved diagnostic sensitivity and specificity. Some infectious disease diagnosis by LFA with its reporter and low detection limit have also been mentioned in this review.

Vaccination is a tool of Newcastle disease (ND) control among broilers. This study aimed at determining the immunity status of sampled broilers against ND at a live bird market in Kano, Northwest Nigeria, and its epidemiological implication. A cross-sectional study of antibodies against Newcastle disease virus (NDV) was carried out among broiler chicken in a live bird market in Kano State, Northwest Nigeria. A total of 471 samples was tested successfully. NDV antibody titer was assayed using hemagglutination-inhibition test (HI) and ND indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Serological levels of NDV antibodies were 67.9% (ELISA) and 78.1% (HI). Also, 67 (20.9%) samples tested positive for ELISA but negative for HI, whereas 115 (31.3%) samples tested negative for ELISA but positive for HI. There is strong association between the immune status obtained from both tests (P < .05), significant difference exists between the immune titer obtained from both tests (P < .05). Protective antibody titer among the test subjects suggests individual protection against virulent NDV (vNDV) strain; however, protective levels ≥85% that confers herd immunity were not attained. This report emphasizes the need for farmers to be more compliant to ND vaccination schedule and best practices in their poultry farm to enhance ND control in Live Bird Markets (LBMs).

This study evaluated the effects of molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX® on antibody (Ab) decay and response to a very virulent IBD virus (vvIBDV) and ND vaccine La Sota (NDVLS) in ISA Brown chicks. Five groups, (A, B, C, D and E) of 50 chicks each were used for the study. Groups A, B and C were supplemented with molasses, Antox® and EN-FLORAX®, respectively, orally from 1 to 49 days, and inoculated with a vvIBDV at 28 days of age. Groups D, and E were positive, and negative controls, respectively. At 35 days of age, all groups were vaccinated with NDVLS. Antibody (Ab) titers to vvIBDV, and NDV, were determined by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (I-ELISA), and hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) tests, respectively. Results revealed significantly (P < .05) decreased Ab decay rates in supplemented groups (A, B, and C) compared to controls (D and E) up to day 28. There were significantly (P < .05) higher mean IBDV and ND HI Ab titers in supplemented groups compared to D with the highest in A up to day 49. Molasses, Antox®, and EN-FLORAX® decreased rate of Ab decay, elicited stronger Ab response against vvIBDV and production of protective NDVLS HI Ab titers.

Avian metaavulavirus 2 (AMAV-2) previously known as the avian paramyxovirus-2 causes mild to severe respiratory disease, reduced hatchability and infertility of eggs, including increase in white-shelled eggs in chickens and Turkey breeders. When exacerbated by secondary pathogens and environmental stresses, infection is more severe leading to significant economic losses. This study was conducted to determine, if any, the presence of antibodies to Avian metaavulavirus 2 (AMAV-2) in peri-domestic birds in Bauchi State, Nigeria. In all, one hundred sera samples from pigeons (n = 10) and doves (n = 90 were collected in Bauchi, Nigeria. Based on hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test, overall seroprevalence of 27.0% (27/100) was recorded. In pigeon, the seroprevalence was 80.0% while 21.1% was recorded for dove with HI antibody titers ranging from 3log₂ to 8log₂. There was statistical significance obtained between dove and pigeon sera tested (p < .05). Until now and to the best of our knowledge, there are no reports on AMAV-2 in poultry or wild birds in Nigeria. This study, thus, provides preliminary information on AMAV-2 seroprevalence in Nigerian peri-domestic birds. The need to conduct further studies in other avian species and wild birds in Nigeria is highlighted.

Autophagy dysregulation is involved in many diseases. The implication of autophagy in psoriasis pathogenesis is still uncertain. To investigate the role of Light Chain 3 (LC3), a good marker for autophagy, in psoriatic skin based on immunohistochemical study and correlate its expression - for the first time to the best of our knowledge - to clinicopathological data Prospective case-control study was conducted on 60 subjects (30 control, 30 psoriasis patients). Skin biopsies from control, lesional, and perilesional skin were processed for routine histopathological examination and LC3 immunoreaction assessment. There was a significant upregulation of the epidermal and dermal LC3 immunoreaction in the lesional skin compared with the control and perilesional skin specimens (P < .001). A significant positive correlation between the epidermal and dermal LC3 H scores in the lesional and perilesional skin was recorded. There was a non-significant relationship between the H score in the lesional skin and disease severity. LC3 could be considered in psoriasis pathogenesis; however, LC3 was not related to the severity of the disease. The findings might offer a novel target therapy for psoriasis patients.

Psoriasis is an immune-mediated skin disease with a potential morbidity in patients. Cold-inducible RNA binding protein (CIRP) is a stress responsive protein having diverse roles in cancer and inflammation. This study aimed to evaluate the expression of CIRP, (serum and tissue), in psoriasis patients and to correlate this expression to the clinico-pathological data of the patients. The serum level and tissue expression of CIRP were compared between 20 patients and 20 healthy controls. Additionally, the association between CIRP level and various clinicopathological parameters was done. The serum level of CIRP was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) while its tissue expression was detected via immunohistochemistry. CIRP was expressed in the epidermis of all studied cases and controls with nuclear localization. A significant difference in its epidermal expression between lesional, perilesional cases and controls was observed. It was higher in control epidermis than perilesional skin and the lowest in lesional skin. Conversely, the serum CIRP level was significantly higher in psoriasis patients compared to healthy subjects. CIRP seemed to have a significant pathologic role in psoriasis patients with evident difference in its intracellular and extracellular expression levels suggesting a potential difference it its function.

Sinonasal polyps are benign projections of edematous nasal mucosa lined by respiratory epithelium. Langerhans cells (LCs) belonging to the dendritic cell family located in respiratory epithelium are involved in antigen presentation and maintenance of local immunological homeostasis. This study aims to elucidate the morphology and distribution of CD1a positive LCs in normal nasal mucosa and compare the same with polypoid nasal mucosa by immunohistochemistry. Normal nasal mucosa (n = 20) was obtained from patients who underwent septoplasty for deviated nasal septum. Polypoid nasal mucosa (n = 22) was obtained from patients with chronic rhinosinusitis (CRS) or allergic fungal rhinosinusitis who underwent excision of nasal polyps. The tissues obtained were processed for immunohistochemistry and stained with CD1a-EP80 Rabbit monoclonal antibody. In the tissues studied, CD1a positive LCs were observed in both the epithelium and lamina propria. Different morphological subtypes of LCs were noted in the epithelium. The cells were distributed adjacent to walls of subepithelial capillaries and cysts. The median number of CD1a positive LCs was significantly higher in polypoid category (13.5 per mm²) as compared with normal nasal mucosa (2.5per mm²) (p = .001). Presence of CD1a positive LCs in polypoid nasal mucosa hints at a critical immunological role in the etiopathogenesis of nasal polyps.