Journal of evaluation in clinical practice最新文献

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of the joint application of the compassionate care framework (CCF) and a quality control (QC) team in improving the quality of postoperative nursing management for patients in anorectal surgery.

Methods: Patients who underwent anorectal surgery at the China-Japan Friendship Hospital between May 2022 and December 2022 were selected by convenience sampling. A digital random generator was used for random grouping. The odd numbers entered the control group (n = 53) and the even numbers entered the study group (n = 53). The control group received postoperative traditional nursing, and the study group received postoperative nursing and QC team management. A questionnaire survey was used to analyse patients' satisfaction with nursing. The two groups were compared for nursing quality scores, patient satisfaction with nursing care and incidence of complications.

Results: After management, compared with the control group, the study group scored significantly higher for the nursing process, environmental management, emergency response and safety protection (p < 0.05 for all). The study group also exhibited higher satisfaction scores with the nursing process, nurse-patient relationship and service attitude compared with the control group (p < 0.05 for all). The complication incidence rate in the study group was significantly lower than in the control group (p < 0.05).

Conclusion: The combined use of the CCF and a QC team can effectively improve the quality of postoperative nursing management for patients in anorectal surgery, reduce the incidence of complications and enhance patient satisfaction with nursing care, thus holding significant potential for wider application.

Rationale: This study was performed to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents of children with autism.

Methods: A qualitative method was used to determine the difficulties experienced by the parents. The sample of the study consisted of parents with 24 children with autism who met the inclusion criteria. The data were analysed by the MAXQDA qualitative data analysis programme in accordance with Colaizzi's seven-stage method.

Results: Total of 5 themes and 29 codes were gathered in line with the data obtained from the interviews. Five main themes of the interviews emerged; emotions experienced by parents; adaptation to family life; difficulty in social relationships; limited opportunity for entertainment/activity and financial difficulty. Parents whose income were less than or equal to their expenses particularly stated that they had economic difficulties in the transportation of their children to places such as hospitals/schools/special education.

Conclusion: In accordance with the findings of this study, it was determined that almost all of the parents with a child diagnosed with autism experienced sadness, denial, shock, depression, self-blame in the period when their children were first diagnosed, and later accepted the disease. In addition, it was detected that parents had difficulties in family relations, social relations, entertainment/activity and economic aspects.

Rationale: Glycaemic control is a crucial aspect of managing type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Strict glycaemic control has been proven to reduce the long-term complications of the disease.

Aims: The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of parental involvement in diabetes care and social support on glycaemic control in adolescents with T1DM.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 94 adolescents and their parents admitted to a university hospital between January and July 2023 were included in the study. The Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support (PMDC-R) and Parental Monitoring Scale (MSPSS) in Diabetes Care of Adolescents with T1DM were used as data collection tools.

Results: Females constituted 63.8% of the adolescents who participated in the study and the glycaemic control of females was significantly lower than males (p < 0.05). The mean HbA1c of the adolescents was 8.65 + 1.57. In the study, PMDC-R and MSPSS scores of adolescents with good and poor glycaemic control were compared. The PMDC-R of the good control group were statistically significantly higher than the poor control group (p < 0.05), but there was no significant difference between the MSPSS scores.

Conclusion: Parental supervision plays a protective role in adolescents, and glycaemic control is better as parental supervision increases. Paediatric nurses should collaborate with parents in diabetes management. This approach may help adolescents to be more successful in diabetes management.

Rationale: HIV incidence has decreased in England by over a third since 2019. Despite the early success of HIV Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) in reducing HIV transmission in the United Kingdom, many people who could benefit from HIV PrEP do not yet know about it, or know how to access it.

Aims and objectives: This paper presents the findings of the first England-wide national peer-to-peer based diffusion model to disseminate information about PrEP. Ask Me About PrEP (AMAP) was a 5-month pilot programme which commenced in November 2021. Volunteer mobilisers were encouraged to use their existing knowledge of their communities and geographical areas to assist them in discussing PrEP with their peers.

Method: 12 enrolled mobilisers took part in three project evaluation focus groups between November 2021 and March 2022, and five AMAP project staff took part in one focus group in March 2022. Additionally, descriptive statistical analysis explored volunteer mobiliser recruitment to the AMAP project, demographical data of project staff and volunteer mobilisers, volunteer mobiliser attrition rates, and the project's impact.

Results: 96 volunteers enrolled, completed training and volunteered as mobilisers. Thoroughout the project, mobilisers engaged their peers in 11,889 conversations about PrEP through individual conversations, online group conversations, online workplace educational events, and social media. The focus groups enabled key stakeholders to reflect on their experiences of the pilot programme. Four key themes were identified during the focus groups: motivations to mobilise and recruitment experiences; training, learning, and materials; mobilisation activity; and support and social networking.

Conclusion: Our evaluation demonstrates that peer-to-peer diffusion models used to increase awareness of HIV PrEP in key unreached groups, offer an acceptable public health intervention model for volunteers and project staff.

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to develop and validate a knowledge, attitude, and practice scale of antibiotic use for Chinese medical students.

Method: A five-phased procedure was adopted: (a) A item pool was constructed after literature review; (b) Delphi method was used to refine the items; (c) A pilot study was conducted to clarify the item; (d) Item analysis and exploratory factor analysis were used to finalize the scale; (e) Content validity, construct validity and reliability of the scale were analysed.

Results: The scale of 32 items, respectively 15, 9, and 8 for knowledge, attitude, and practice, was finalized. The item-level content validity ranged from 0.80 to 1.00. The scale-level content validity of the scale was 0.90. Model fit indices of total scale and the three dimensions met the criteria. Cronbach's α and the split-half coefficient were respectively 0.81 and 0.65 for the total scale. For each dimension, Cronbach's α varied from 0.68 to 0.89 and the split-half coefficient varied from 0.64 to 0.83.

Conclusion: The scale can be used as a whole or separately, serving as an effective tool to measure medical students' knowledge, attitude, or practice regarding antibiotic use.

Objective: To systematically evaluate the effect of frailty on the prognosis of patients with heart failure.

Methods: Computer searches were conducted on PubMed, Embase, The Cochrane Library, Web of Science, CNKI, Wanfang Data Knowledge Service platform, Weipu full-text database of Chinese scientific and technological journals, and Chinese biomedical literature database from August 12, 2022. After literature screening was completed by two researchers, the data extraction (such as study type, sample size, age of included patients, New York Heart Association (NYHA) Functional Classification, frailty assessment tool, frailty positive rate, outcome indicators, etc.) was performed and the risk of bias in the included studies was assessed. Meta-analysis was performed using Revman 5.4 and Stata 14.0 software.

Results: A total of 32 studies were included, including 406,269 patients with heart failure. All included studies were rated high overall quality. The results of meta-analysis showed: Frailty increases the risk of all-cause death in patients with heart failure (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.73, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.50 - 2.00, p < 0.001), unplanned readmission (HR = 1.96, 95% CI: 1.21 - 3.17, p = 0.006), and joint endpoint risk (HR = 1.66, 95% CI: 1.48 - 1.86, p < 0.001).

Conclusion: Current evidence suggests that frailty increases the risk of all-cause death, unplanned readmission, and joint endpoints in patients with heart failure.

Background: Progress in the nursing profession and clinical decision-making are largely sustained by the coherence between theory and practice. The quality of healthcare provided by nurses and patient outcomes are adversely impacted by the gap between knowledge and practice. Measurement tools used to assess nurses' perceptions of this gap are inadequate in Türkiye. This research aimed to adapt the nurses' perception of the gap between knowledge and practice scale into Turkish and to evaluate its reliability and validity.

Methods: The study, in which a methodological design was employed, was conducted with 406 nurses between March and June 2022. A descriptive information form and the nurses' perception of the gap between knowledge and practice scale (NPGKPS) were employed to gather data. The validity study included content and construct validity analyses, and the reliability study included item analysis, split-half test, and Cronbach alpha coefficients.

Results: The scale had 35 items and four dimensions, which explained 54.65% of the total variance. The goodness of fit values, which were found following a confirmatory factor analysis, were estimated as follows: CMIN = 1808.984, DF = 512, CMIN/DF = 3.533, IFI = 0.89, TLI = 0.87, RFI = 0.83, CFI = 0.89, RMSEA = 0.079, and NFI = 0.86. Cronbach's alpha coefficient of the total scale was estimated as 0.95 and it was in the range of 0.84 to 0.93 for four factors.

Conclusion: In conclusion, the nurses' perception of the gap between knowledge and practice scale was a reliable and valid measure which could be applied to Turkish society.

Background: Nurses often administer intramuscular (IM) injections. However, they do not use the ventrogluteal (VG) site, although it is highly recommended.

Aim: This study investigated whether a mobile-assisted training and counseling program (intervention) encouraged nurses to use the VG site to administer IM injections.

Methods: This study adopted a pretest-posttest interventional design with no control group and employed a mixed research design. The sample consisted of 105 nurses from a public hospital in a metropolitan city in Turkey. Quantitative data were collected using a descriptive characteristics form and a Ventrogluteal Site Information Form (VSIF). Qualitative data were collected using a semi-structured interview form. First, participants took a pretest and then watched an animation about VG injections on their mobile devices. Afterward, they were provided with counseling and then administered a posttest. Sixteen participants were interviewed after the posttest.

Results: Participants had a significantly higher mean posttest VSIF score (17.50 + 3.23) than the pretest score (12.73 + 5.40) (p < 0.05). They stated that the intervention helped them reinforce what they already knew and encouraged them to use the VG site to administer IM injections. They also noted that it boosted their confidence and helped them experience less anxiety.

Conclusion: The results showed that the intervention helped participants learn more about IM injections into the VG site. Therefore, hospitals should provide nurses with mobile-assisted training and counseling programs to encourage them to use the VG site to administer IM injections.

Rationale: Skin-to-skin contact is the practice with the highest level of evidence that increases the growth, development, and healing rate of the newborn. Neonatal nurses are also the best practitioners of skin-to-skin contact.

Aims: This study examined the psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the Skin-to-Skin Contact Scale for nurses.

Methods: This descriptive, correlational, and cross-sectional study was carried out with 226 neonatal and pediatric nurses between July 2022 and July 2023. The data were collected using an online questionnaire, including a descriptive information form and a skin-to-skin contact scale for nurses. Data were analyzed by explanatory and confirmatory factor analysis, Cronbach's alpha, and item-total score analysis.

Results: It was determined that the scale consisted of 20 items and four sub-dimensions and that those four sub-dimensions explained 53.01% of the total variance. All factor loads were higher than 0.30 in the explanatory and confirmatory factor analyses. All the fit indices were higher than 0.80, and the Root Mean Square Error of Approximation (RMSEA) was less than 0.080 in the confirmatory factor analysis. Cronbach's alpha was determined to be 0.89 for the total scale and greater than 0.70 for all sub-dimensions.

Conclusions: The Skin-to-Skin Contact Scale for nurses was determined to be a valid and reliable measurement tool for Turkish nurses. It is recommended that the scale be used regularly in clinics to determine nurses' attitudes towards skin-to-skin contact.

Rationale: Previous research has demonstrated the applicability of Google Trends in predicting infectious diseases.

Aims and objectives: This study aimed to analyze public interest in other infectious diseases before and after the outbreak of COVID-19 via Google Trends data and to predict these trends via time series models.

Method: Google Trends data for 12 common infectious diseases were obtained in this study, covering the period from 1 February 2018 to 5 May 2023. The ARIMA, TimeGPT, XGBoost, and LSTM algorithms were then utilized to establish time series prediction models.

Results: Our study revealed a significant decrease in public interest in most infectious diseases at the beginning of the pandemic outbreak, followed by a rebound in the post-pandemic era, which is consistent with reported disease incidences. Furthermore, our prediction models demonstrated good accuracy, with TimeGPT showing unique advantages.

Conclusions: Our study highlights the potential application value of Google Trends and large pre-trained models for infectious disease prediction.