Background: Genetics could be one of the factors in determining oral health and disease in families and the interplay of genetics with environmental factors can affect the prevalence of oral diseases. Aim: To evaluate the genetic influence on dental caries and malocclusion. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusion in the family tree. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 26 families of Barwala, District Panchkula, Haryana, India. Clinical examination was conducted to assess dental caries [Decayed Filled Surface Index (DFS/dfs)] and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Heritability within the study population was assessed within the pairs: grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics version-24. Results: Dental caries prevalence in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 35.29% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pair (36.36%), whereas father–children pair had 38% and mother–children pair had 42.59%. Statistically significant results were obtained for caries in grandmother–grandchildren pairs, father–children pair, and mother–children pair but not for grandfather–grandchildren. The prevalence of malocclusion in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 70.58% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pairs (13.63%), whereas the father–children pair had 52% and mother-children pair had 20.37%. Statistically, a significant result was obtained for a malocclusion among grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Conclusion: This study attempts at defining genetic implications in dental caries and malocclusion process. Caries prevalence was higher in mother–children pairs than in the father-children pair. The grandfather–grandchildren pairs had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than grandmother-grandchildren pairs. Thus, the study leads to improved understanding and prevention of the factors leading to them.
{"title":"Prevalence and heritability of dental caries and malocclusion in Haryana: A family-based study","authors":"Sahrish Tariq, Pooja Thakur, Nidhi Gupta, Preety Gupta, Aditi Sharma","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_140_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_140_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Genetics could be one of the factors in determining oral health and disease in families and the interplay of genetics with environmental factors can affect the prevalence of oral diseases. Aim: To evaluate the genetic influence on dental caries and malocclusion. Objective: To assess the prevalence of dental caries and malocclusion in the family tree. Materials and Methods: A descriptive study was conducted among 26 families of Barwala, District Panchkula, Haryana, India. Clinical examination was conducted to assess dental caries [Decayed Filled Surface Index (DFS/dfs)] and malocclusion (Dental Aesthetic Index). Heritability within the study population was assessed within the pairs: grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Data were analyzed in IBM SPSS Statistics version-24. Results: Dental caries prevalence in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 35.29% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pair (36.36%), whereas father–children pair had 38% and mother–children pair had 42.59%. Statistically significant results were obtained for caries in grandmother–grandchildren pairs, father–children pair, and mother–children pair but not for grandfather–grandchildren. The prevalence of malocclusion in grandfather–grandchildren pairs was 70.58% as compared to grandmother–grandchildren pairs (13.63%), whereas the father–children pair had 52% and mother-children pair had 20.37%. Statistically, a significant result was obtained for a malocclusion among grandparent–grandchildren pair and parent–children pair. Conclusion: This study attempts at defining genetic implications in dental caries and malocclusion process. Caries prevalence was higher in mother–children pairs than in the father-children pair. The grandfather–grandchildren pairs had a higher prevalence of malocclusion than grandmother-grandchildren pairs. Thus, the study leads to improved understanding and prevention of the factors leading to them.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"87 - 91"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46757558","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_94_22
Chandra Vuyyuru, M. Ponnaiah, Rajeshree Rangari
Background and Objectives: Data on the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among Indian rural children are scarce. Hence, we estimated the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and associated factors among the rural school children aged 12 years of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: We conducted this analytical cross-sectional study, with 1513 children by following two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data on dental caries and gingivitis using the WHO dentition status and community periodontal index modified, respectively, and associated factors by direct interviews using standardized semi-structured interview guide. We estimated the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and 95% confidence interval (CI); we calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and its 95% CI by comparing factors among those with and without caries and gingivitis; we computed adjusted PRs using the generalized linear regression model. Results: Overall prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was 61% (95% CI: 58–63) and 68% (95% CI: 65–70), respectively. Sugary food consumption (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.33–1.82), fair and poor perception of the current dental health status (PR 1.31 95% CI 1.19–145 and PR 1.59 95% CI 1.45–1.73, respectively), and no dental health awareness (PR 0.85 95% CI 0.75–0.95) were associated with caries. Fair and poor perception of current dental health status (PR 1.16 95% CI 1.07–1.26 and PR 1.27 95% CI 1.17–1.38, respectively) was associated with gingivitis. Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among the study participants. Sugary food consumption, dental health awareness, and perception of current dental health status are associated with dental caries and gingivitis.
背景和目的:关于印度农村儿童龋齿和牙龈炎患病率的数据很少。因此，我们估计了安得拉邦内洛尔地区12岁农村学校儿童龋齿、牙龈炎和相关因素的患病率。方法:采用两阶段整群抽样的方法，对1513名儿童进行分析性横断面研究。我们分别使用世卫组织牙列状况和社区牙周指数收集龋病和牙龈炎的数据，并通过使用标准化半结构化访谈指南的直接访谈收集相关因素的数据。我们估计了龋齿和牙龈炎的患病率和95%置信区间(CI);我们通过比较有和没有龋齿和牙龈炎患者的因素，计算患病率比(pr)及其95% CI;我们使用广义线性回归模型计算调整后的pr。结果:龋齿和牙龈炎的总体患病率分别为61% (95% CI: 58-63)和68% (95% CI: 65-70)。含糖食物摄入(比值为1.56,95% CI为1.33-1.82)、对当前牙齿健康状况的认知一般和较差(比值为1.31 95% CI 1.19-145和比值为1.59 95% CI 1.45-1.73)以及没有牙齿健康意识(比值为0.85 95% CI为0.75-0.95)与龋齿相关。当前牙齿健康状况的良好和不良认知(PR分别为1.16 95% CI 1.07-1.26和PR 1.27 95% CI 1.17-1.38)与牙龈炎相关。结论:我们观察到，在研究参与者中，龋齿和牙龈炎的患病率很高。含糖食物的摄入、牙齿健康意识和对当前牙齿健康状况的认知与龋齿和牙龈炎有关。
{"title":"Association of sugary food consumption, self-perception of dental health status, and dental health awareness with dental caries and gingivitis among rural school children aged 12 years – An analytical cross-sectional study in Nellore District, Andhra Pradesh, India, 2020","authors":"Chandra Vuyyuru, M. Ponnaiah, Rajeshree Rangari","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_94_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_94_22","url":null,"abstract":"Background and Objectives: Data on the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among Indian rural children are scarce. Hence, we estimated the prevalence of dental caries, gingivitis, and associated factors among the rural school children aged 12 years of Nellore district, Andhra Pradesh. Methods: We conducted this analytical cross-sectional study, with 1513 children by following two-stage cluster sampling. We collected data on dental caries and gingivitis using the WHO dentition status and community periodontal index modified, respectively, and associated factors by direct interviews using standardized semi-structured interview guide. We estimated the prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis and 95% confidence interval (CI); we calculated prevalence ratios (PRs) and its 95% CI by comparing factors among those with and without caries and gingivitis; we computed adjusted PRs using the generalized linear regression model. Results: Overall prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis was 61% (95% CI: 58–63) and 68% (95% CI: 65–70), respectively. Sugary food consumption (PR 1.56, 95% CI 1.33–1.82), fair and poor perception of the current dental health status (PR 1.31 95% CI 1.19–145 and PR 1.59 95% CI 1.45–1.73, respectively), and no dental health awareness (PR 0.85 95% CI 0.75–0.95) were associated with caries. Fair and poor perception of current dental health status (PR 1.16 95% CI 1.07–1.26 and PR 1.27 95% CI 1.17–1.38, respectively) was associated with gingivitis. Conclusion: We observed a high prevalence of dental caries and gingivitis among the study participants. Sugary food consumption, dental health awareness, and perception of current dental health status are associated with dental caries and gingivitis.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"96 - 102"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44983834","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_144_22
Soni Gupta, Gauri Potdar, Kritika Jain, Kajal Jethwa, V. Thakkar, S. Ram, S. Pachpute
Introduction: In India, coffee is the third most common beverage consumed after water and tea. Through this study, we have analyzed the antimicrobial properties of coffee extracts by determining their zone of inhibition on blood agar plates in comparison to chlorhexidine which was used as the control. Aim: The study aims at determining the antimicrobial effects of extracts of green and roasted beans of Robusta and Arabica coffee (in vitro). Methodology: The samples were collected from local markets of Coorg and Navi Mumbai. Streptococcus mutans were cultured on blood agar, which was then inoculated with these samples. Antimicrobial properties were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with gold standard solution, i.e., 0.2% chlorhexidine solution. Results: The coffee bean extract of Green Robusta showed a more inhibitory effect on S. mutans when compared to Roasted Arabica and Chlorhexidine. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the extracts of Green Robusta was 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23.5 mm, and 24 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively, and that of Roasted Arabica was 11 mm, 12 mm, 13.5 mm, 15 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively. Conclusion: According to this methodology, Green Robusta has more inhibitory effects than chlorhexidine. Thus in future after more in vivo and in vitro studies, coffee may be used in dental aids such as mouthwashes, dentifrices, dental floss, and chewing gum for its antimicrobial effect.
{"title":"Antimicrobial effects of green and roasted beans of Coffee robusta and Coffee arabica on Streptococcus mutans – An in vitro comparative study","authors":"Soni Gupta, Gauri Potdar, Kritika Jain, Kajal Jethwa, V. Thakkar, S. Ram, S. Pachpute","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_144_22","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_144_22","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: In India, coffee is the third most common beverage consumed after water and tea. Through this study, we have analyzed the antimicrobial properties of coffee extracts by determining their zone of inhibition on blood agar plates in comparison to chlorhexidine which was used as the control. Aim: The study aims at determining the antimicrobial effects of extracts of green and roasted beans of Robusta and Arabica coffee (in vitro). Methodology: The samples were collected from local markets of Coorg and Navi Mumbai. Streptococcus mutans were cultured on blood agar, which was then inoculated with these samples. Antimicrobial properties were determined using the agar well diffusion method. The results were compared with gold standard solution, i.e., 0.2% chlorhexidine solution. Results: The coffee bean extract of Green Robusta showed a more inhibitory effect on S. mutans when compared to Roasted Arabica and Chlorhexidine. The diameter of the zone of inhibition around the extracts of Green Robusta was 22 mm, 22.5 mm, 23.5 mm, and 24 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively, and that of Roasted Arabica was 11 mm, 12 mm, 13.5 mm, 15 mm of 2 g, 4 g, 10 g, and 20 g, respectively. Conclusion: According to this methodology, Green Robusta has more inhibitory effects than chlorhexidine. Thus in future after more in vivo and in vitro studies, coffee may be used in dental aids such as mouthwashes, dentifrices, dental floss, and chewing gum for its antimicrobial effect.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"27 - 33"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43543789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_54_23
L. Krishna Reddy
{"title":"Honorary Secretary's message","authors":"L. Krishna Reddy","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_54_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_54_23","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"21 1","pages":"2 - 2"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44996004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_69_23
Puja C. Yavagal, G. K. Divyapriya, D. J. Veeresh, Nousheen Nadaf
Background: Sugar-coated fennel seeds may exhibit cariogenic challenge, hence substituting sugar with stevia may be beneficial. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of eating stevia-coated fennel seeds, sucrose-coated fennel seeds, and roasted fennel seeds on salivary pH. Methodology: A randomized controlled, Latin square design trial involving 15 female research participants aged 20–23 years were allocated to three intervention groups. Assessment of salivary pH after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds (Group A), sucrose-coated fennel seeds (Group B), and roasted fennel seeds (Group C) was done using salivary pH indicator strips at the baseline and after eating 1.5 g of fennel seeds at 1, 20, and 60 min. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N. Y., USA) was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was fixed at P < 0.05. The inter- and intragroup comparisons of the mean salivary pH were done using one-way and repeated measures ANOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: There was a significant increase in salivary pH ( P < 0.01) at all time intervals from the baseline after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds. Conclusion: Eating stevia-coated fennel seeds showed a significant increase in salivary pH from the baseline compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds, and hence, may serve as an anticariogenic mouth freshener.
背景:糖衣茴香种子可能表现出蛀牙的挑战，因此用甜菊糖代替糖可能是有益的。目的:本研究的目的是评估和比较食用甜菊糖衣茴香籽、蔗糖糖衣茴香籽和烤茴香籽对唾液ph值的影响。方法:随机对照，拉丁方设计试验，15名年龄在20-23岁的女性研究参与者被分配到三个干预组。食用甜叶菊包被茴香籽(A组)、蔗糖包被茴香籽(B组)和烤茴香籽(C组)后，分别在基线和在1,20和60分钟食用1.5 g茴香籽后，使用唾液pH指示条评估唾液pH。使用IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21 (IBM Corp.， Armonk, n.y, USA)进行统计分析。显著性水平固定在P <0.05. 组间和组内平均唾液pH值的比较分别采用单向和重复测量方差分析，然后进行Tukey事后检验。结果:大鼠唾液pH值显著升高(P <与食用甜叶菊包覆的茴香籽与食用蔗糖包覆的和烤过的茴香籽相比，在所有时间间隔内的基线值为0.01)。结论:食用甜叶菊包被的茴香籽与食用蔗糖包被和烤过的茴香籽相比，唾液pH值明显增加，因此，可能作为一种抗癌症的口腔清新剂。
{"title":"Effect of Eating Stevia-coated Fennel Seeds on Salivary pH: A Randomized Controlled Trial","authors":"Puja C. Yavagal, G. K. Divyapriya, D. J. Veeresh, Nousheen Nadaf","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_69_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_69_23","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Sugar-coated fennel seeds may exhibit cariogenic challenge, hence substituting sugar with stevia may be beneficial. Aim: The aim of this study was to assess and compare the effect of eating stevia-coated fennel seeds, sucrose-coated fennel seeds, and roasted fennel seeds on salivary pH. Methodology: A randomized controlled, Latin square design trial involving 15 female research participants aged 20–23 years were allocated to three intervention groups. Assessment of salivary pH after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds (Group A), sucrose-coated fennel seeds (Group B), and roasted fennel seeds (Group C) was done using salivary pH indicator strips at the baseline and after eating 1.5 g of fennel seeds at 1, 20, and 60 min. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, version 21 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N. Y., USA) was used for statistical analysis. The significant level was fixed at P < 0.05. The inter- and intragroup comparisons of the mean salivary pH were done using one-way and repeated measures ANOVA, respectively, followed by Tukey’s post hoc test. Results: There was a significant increase in salivary pH ( P < 0.01) at all time intervals from the baseline after eating stevia-coated fennel seeds compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds. Conclusion: Eating stevia-coated fennel seeds showed a significant increase in salivary pH from the baseline compared to sucrose-coated and roasted fennel seeds, and hence, may serve as an anticariogenic mouth freshener.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"36 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135839027","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_173_23
Tanushri Dalvi, Shrivardhan Kalghatgi
Socioeconomic status (SES) has various roles in health, nutritional status, mortality, and even morbidity of the population. SES also plays a vital role in dental health through acceptability, accessibility, affordability, and utilization of available dental health services. SES helps identify the hierarchical position of an individual in the social structure. It often reveals not only the dental health status of the individual but also helps in identifying their behavioral tendencies toward the importance of dental health.[1] One of the most widely used SES scales for classifying people by SES is Kuppuswamy SES Scale for both urban and rural populations. Kuppuswamy SES scale is dynamic and depends upon the consumer price index (CPI). CPI is an index of the variation in prices for retail goods and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption.[2] CPI numbers are widely used as an indicator of inflation. Labour Bureau, Government of India, releases three CPI: CPI for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) base 2001, CPI for Agricultural Laborers base 1986–87, and CPI for Rural Laborers base 1984–85. The most commonly used and the most appropriate CPI for revision of socioeconomic classifications has been (CPI-IW) as it represents the expenditure of a normal working class family. Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic Scale is the most widely used scale for urban population which was given in the year 1976 and further modified by various authors.[3] Dynamic nature of inflation may pose a risk to the validity of any published update on SES. Updated Kuppuswamy SES scale for 2019 considering updated occupational divisions and updated income scale is shown in Table 1. The advantages and limitations of this scale have been previously discussed extensively by Lahariya.[4] Like the extent of the utility of these scales, and even though being used by many researchers in India although believed by few. Using this index would probably give a more accurate picture of SES classification for the entire urban population and for the country as a whole.Table 1: Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, 2023 (Consumer price index - 132.8, February)Kuppuswamy’s SES although being most widely used, there are certain limitations to the same such as the validity, utility, and relevance.[4] Furthermore, one of the previous studies reported using such a scale majority of the families were classified in upper socioeconomic strata.[5] At the same time, no serious attempt has been done in India to restructure or redevelop SES assessment tools from scratch and more like convention such scales are still in use. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.
社会经济地位(SES)在人口的健康、营养状况、死亡率甚至发病率方面发挥着各种作用。SES还通过可接受性、可及性、可负担性和利用现有牙科保健服务，在牙科保健方面发挥至关重要的作用。社会经济地位有助于确定个人在社会结构中的等级地位。它不仅可以揭示个人的牙齿健康状况，还可以帮助确定他们对牙齿健康的重要性的行为倾向。[1]Kuppuswamy SES Scale是城市和农村人口中使用最广泛的SES分类量表之一。Kuppuswamy SES量表是动态的，依赖于消费者价格指数(CPI)。CPI是反映家庭为消费而购买的零售商品和服务价格变化的指数。[2]CPI数据被广泛用作通胀指标。印度政府劳动局发布了三个CPI: 2001年产业工人CPI (CPI- iw)基础，1986-87年农业劳动力CPI基础和1984-85年农村劳动力CPI基础。最常用和最适合修订社会经济分类的CPI是(CPI- iw)，因为它代表了正常工人阶级家庭的支出。Kuppuswamy的社会经济规模是最广泛使用的城市人口规模，于1976年给出，并经过各种作者的进一步修改。[3]通货膨胀的动态性可能会对任何已发布的最新SES数据的有效性构成风险。考虑更新的职业划分和更新的收入量表，2019年更新的Kuppuswamy SES量表如表1所示。Lahariya先前已经广泛讨论了这种规模的优点和局限性。[4]比如这些量表的效用程度，尽管被印度的许多研究人员使用，但很少有人相信。使用这个指数可能会更准确地说明整个城市人口和整个国家的社会经济地位分类情况。表1:修正库普斯瓦米社会经济地位量表，2023年(消费者价格指数- 132.8,2月)库普斯瓦米的社会经济地位量表虽然应用最广泛，但在效度、效用、相关性等方面存在一定的局限性。[4]此外，先前的一项研究报告使用这样的规模，大多数家庭被划分在上层社会经济阶层。[5]与此同时，印度没有认真尝试从零开始调整或重新开发社会经济状况评估工具，而且更像惯例，这种比额表仍在使用。财政支持及赞助无。利益冲突没有利益冲突。
{"title":"A 2023 Update of Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Classification Scale for the Indian Population","authors":"Tanushri Dalvi, Shrivardhan Kalghatgi","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_173_23","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_173_23","url":null,"abstract":"Socioeconomic status (SES) has various roles in health, nutritional status, mortality, and even morbidity of the population. SES also plays a vital role in dental health through acceptability, accessibility, affordability, and utilization of available dental health services. SES helps identify the hierarchical position of an individual in the social structure. It often reveals not only the dental health status of the individual but also helps in identifying their behavioral tendencies toward the importance of dental health.[1] One of the most widely used SES scales for classifying people by SES is Kuppuswamy SES Scale for both urban and rural populations. Kuppuswamy SES scale is dynamic and depends upon the consumer price index (CPI). CPI is an index of the variation in prices for retail goods and services that households acquire for the purpose of consumption.[2] CPI numbers are widely used as an indicator of inflation. Labour Bureau, Government of India, releases three CPI: CPI for Industrial Workers (CPI-IW) base 2001, CPI for Agricultural Laborers base 1986–87, and CPI for Rural Laborers base 1984–85. The most commonly used and the most appropriate CPI for revision of socioeconomic classifications has been (CPI-IW) as it represents the expenditure of a normal working class family. Kuppuswamy’s Socioeconomic Scale is the most widely used scale for urban population which was given in the year 1976 and further modified by various authors.[3] Dynamic nature of inflation may pose a risk to the validity of any published update on SES. Updated Kuppuswamy SES scale for 2019 considering updated occupational divisions and updated income scale is shown in Table 1. The advantages and limitations of this scale have been previously discussed extensively by Lahariya.[4] Like the extent of the utility of these scales, and even though being used by many researchers in India although believed by few. Using this index would probably give a more accurate picture of SES classification for the entire urban population and for the country as a whole.Table 1: Modified Kuppuswamy Socioeconomic Status Scale, 2023 (Consumer price index - 132.8, February)Kuppuswamy’s SES although being most widely used, there are certain limitations to the same such as the validity, utility, and relevance.[4] Furthermore, one of the previous studies reported using such a scale majority of the families were classified in upper socioeconomic strata.[5] At the same time, no serious attempt has been done in India to restructure or redevelop SES assessment tools from scratch and more like convention such scales are still in use. Financial support and sponsorship Nil. Conflicts of interest There are no conflicts of interest.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135839271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_194_21
Pratibha Taneja, Soumya Mahapatra, C. Marya, R. Nagpal, Sakshi Kataria
Background: Social media also helps to attract a diverse group of people that we may not have thought would be interested in oral health; working together, we can keep the oral health message alive. Objectives: The objective is to assess the impact of social media on dental treatment choices and to find the best social media platform to promote oral health based on their use. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the users of Facebook, Instagram, and Whatsapp. Online questionnaire link was constructed using the Google survey tool of Gmail. Questionnaire was circulated through snowball methodology, i.e., link was sent to friends or added contact person on the phone and then was forwarded to the next friend circle. The questionnaire was comprised of 14 questions and was sent to 700 participants. For descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS 21 was used. KMO and Bartlett's test was used for factorial analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the participants reported Whatsapp to be the most used app, and the frequency of usage is several times a day (81.8%). Significantly more number of the subjects (43.9%) followed dentists on Instagram. However, more number of the participants reported promotion on Facebook as the reason for their dental visit. The majority (62.4%) of the participants would get affected by written experiences and criticism about dental care on social networking sites and almost half of them get affected in choosing a dentist by the activity of their account. A high proportion of the participants (69.7%) claimed that they watch instructional videos uploaded on social media, but majority of them (78.5%) do not have any applications related to dentistry. Conclusion: Whatsapp can be used as an informative tool for self-oral health promotion as it was found to be the most preferred app.
{"title":"Impact of social media on dental treatment choices: A web-based survey","authors":"Pratibha Taneja, Soumya Mahapatra, C. Marya, R. Nagpal, Sakshi Kataria","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_194_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_194_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Social media also helps to attract a diverse group of people that we may not have thought would be interested in oral health; working together, we can keep the oral health message alive. Objectives: The objective is to assess the impact of social media on dental treatment choices and to find the best social media platform to promote oral health based on their use. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional web-based survey was conducted among the users of Facebook, Instagram, and Whatsapp. Online questionnaire link was constructed using the Google survey tool of Gmail. Questionnaire was circulated through snowball methodology, i.e., link was sent to friends or added contact person on the phone and then was forwarded to the next friend circle. The questionnaire was comprised of 14 questions and was sent to 700 participants. For descriptive and inferential statistics, SPSS 21 was used. KMO and Bartlett's test was used for factorial analysis. P < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Majority of the participants reported Whatsapp to be the most used app, and the frequency of usage is several times a day (81.8%). Significantly more number of the subjects (43.9%) followed dentists on Instagram. However, more number of the participants reported promotion on Facebook as the reason for their dental visit. The majority (62.4%) of the participants would get affected by written experiences and criticism about dental care on social networking sites and almost half of them get affected in choosing a dentist by the activity of their account. A high proportion of the participants (69.7%) claimed that they watch instructional videos uploaded on social media, but majority of them (78.5%) do not have any applications related to dentistry. Conclusion: Whatsapp can be used as an informative tool for self-oral health promotion as it was found to be the most preferred app.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"415 - 419"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47853282","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_170_21
Puja C. Yavagal, Shraddha Rajeshwar
Background: Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) oil is used widely because of its nutritional value, antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms, but there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of Ajwain oil against periodontal pathogens. Aim: To evaluate and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition of T. ammi (Ajwain seed) oil and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through serial tube dilution and disc diffusion methods. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted. Ajwain oil (100%) and chlorhexidine solution (0.2%) were purchased. Blood agar media with hemin, Vitamin K and Kanamycin, crystal violet erythromycin blood agar, and thioglycolate broth with 1% horse serum were used to culture P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration of test agents were assessed using the serial dilution method, and the zone of inhibition was assessed by the Agar disc diffusion method. Results: Ajwain oil had the ability to exert antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a MIC of 0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/ml, respectively. Ajwain oil exerted bactericidal effect against P gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a minimum concentration of 0.4, 0.4, and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively, and bacteriostatic effect at a minimum concentration of 0.2, 0.2, and 3.12 μg/ml, respectively. At 50% μg/ml concentration, Ajwain oil exhibited a higher zone of inhibition compared to chlorhexidine against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion: Ajwain oil demonstrated antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in vitro.
{"title":"Antibacterial efficacy of Trachyspermum ammi Oil against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans: An in vitro study","authors":"Puja C. Yavagal, Shraddha Rajeshwar","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_170_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_170_21","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Ajwain (Trachyspermum ammi) oil is used widely because of its nutritional value, antioxidant and antibacterial activity against various microorganisms, but there are no studies that relate the antibacterial activity of Ajwain oil against periodontal pathogens. Aim: To evaluate and compare the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and zone of inhibition of T. ammi (Ajwain seed) oil and 0.2% chlorhexidine gluconate against Porphyromonas gingivalis, Fusobacterium nucleatum, and Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans through serial tube dilution and disc diffusion methods. Materials and Methods: An in vitro study was conducted. Ajwain oil (100%) and chlorhexidine solution (0.2%) were purchased. Blood agar media with hemin, Vitamin K and Kanamycin, crystal violet erythromycin blood agar, and thioglycolate broth with 1% horse serum were used to culture P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans, respectively. The MIC and minimum bactericidal concentration of test agents were assessed using the serial dilution method, and the zone of inhibition was assessed by the Agar disc diffusion method. Results: Ajwain oil had the ability to exert antibacterial activity against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a MIC of 0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 μg/ml, respectively. Ajwain oil exerted bactericidal effect against P gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans at a minimum concentration of 0.4, 0.4, and 6.25 μg/ml, respectively, and bacteriostatic effect at a minimum concentration of 0.2, 0.2, and 3.12 μg/ml, respectively. At 50% μg/ml concentration, Ajwain oil exhibited a higher zone of inhibition compared to chlorhexidine against P. gingivalis, F. nucleatum, and A. actinomycetemcomitans. Conclusion: Ajwain oil demonstrated antibacterial effect against periodontal pathogens in vitro.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"398 - 402"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45703754","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_63_21
Hansika Popli, M. Batra, D. Gijwani, Anjali Ahuja
Introduction: Pandemic COVID-19 has spread all over the world very profligately in a short interval. This has had disturbed the main determinant of the future economics that is the education sector. India is a country with a vast number of colleges and dental colleges are a part of nurturing budding dentists. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the status of online education at government and private dental colleges of India during a COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study; conducted among the faculties of all Indian government and private dental colleges taking online classes for bachelor of dental surgery students. A pretested and validated questionnaire was sent to faculty members through a Google form. To assess the differences in perception among faculties of different colleges, the use of Chi-square test was done whereas descriptive statistics surveyed the frequency distribution. Results: More than 70% of faculty members both from private and government colleges agreed that tracking of students is difficult during online classes. A laptop was used by the maximum number of respondents, that is, government (77.8%) and private (81.5%) as the mode for taking online classes. About 50% of government faculties and 59.5% of private faculty members used zoom as an online platform tool for taking classes whereas others used the Google meet app for taking classes. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for E-Learning in dental education in India. Faculties agree to complete the theory syllabus and conduct sessional examinations as an alternative during the lockdown period. However, they show strong reservations in carrying out practical/clinical simulations and university exams online.
{"title":"Online education status at government and private dental college during COVID-19 pandemic in India: A comparative study","authors":"Hansika Popli, M. Batra, D. Gijwani, Anjali Ahuja","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_63_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_63_21","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pandemic COVID-19 has spread all over the world very profligately in a short interval. This has had disturbed the main determinant of the future economics that is the education sector. India is a country with a vast number of colleges and dental colleges are a part of nurturing budding dentists. Aim: The aim of the study was to assess the status of online education at government and private dental colleges of India during a COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: This is a cross-sectional questionnaire-based study; conducted among the faculties of all Indian government and private dental colleges taking online classes for bachelor of dental surgery students. A pretested and validated questionnaire was sent to faculty members through a Google form. To assess the differences in perception among faculties of different colleges, the use of Chi-square test was done whereas descriptive statistics surveyed the frequency distribution. Results: More than 70% of faculty members both from private and government colleges agreed that tracking of students is difficult during online classes. A laptop was used by the maximum number of respondents, that is, government (77.8%) and private (81.5%) as the mode for taking online classes. About 50% of government faculties and 59.5% of private faculty members used zoom as an online platform tool for taking classes whereas others used the Google meet app for taking classes. Conclusion: The COVID-19 pandemic has paved the way for E-Learning in dental education in India. Faculties agree to complete the theory syllabus and conduct sessional examinations as an alternative during the lockdown period. However, they show strong reservations in carrying out practical/clinical simulations and university exams online.","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"342 - 346"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41436031","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2022-10-01DOI: 10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_189_21
S. Thakar, Swati Sharma, K. Anuradha, K. Shivalingesh, M. Uppal, Shraddha Mishra, Priya Pokharel
Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has led all educational institutions to temporarily close and provide online learning to their students. Aim: This study aims to assess students' perspectives of such a “sudden shift” from classroom-based teaching methodologies to the use of online platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed among students across the globe using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was pretested, prevalidated, and contained 24 close ended and one open-ended question (s) divided into 4 sections. Data obtained were transferred to SPSS version 21.0 and on applying the Shapiro–Wilk test, data were found to be parametric. Therefore, the independent samples t-test and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data keeping P value significant at ≤0.5. Results: Of the total of 715 responses received, most students belonged to India (35.2%) followed by Saudi Arabia (14.5%). Majority of them belonged to the dental background (30.2%) followed by medical (16.1%) and architecture (12.9%). 50.1% used their cellular data to access the Internet and 59.2% of students preferred using a mobile phone. 44.8% of students reported technical issues (P = 0.01), resulting in only 33.4% of the students being able to understand the entire lecture/activity completely (P = 0.01). 58.7% of the students did not prefer online learning (P = 0.03). Linear regression revealed a significant preference for offline learning between students pursuing all levels of education. Conclusions: Although students preferred offline learning, universities are encouraged to sensitize their students to online learning techniques so that they are prepared to “suddenly shift” to online learning due to a variety of reasons (pandemics, natural disasters, and chronic illness).
{"title":"Assessing the sudden shift from classroom to online learning due to the COVID-19 pandemic: Students' perspective","authors":"S. Thakar, Swati Sharma, K. Anuradha, K. Shivalingesh, M. Uppal, Shraddha Mishra, Priya Pokharel","doi":"10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_189_21","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.4103/jiaphd.jiaphd_189_21","url":null,"abstract":"Context: The COVID-19 pandemic has led all educational institutions to temporarily close and provide online learning to their students. Aim: This study aims to assess students' perspectives of such a “sudden shift” from classroom-based teaching methodologies to the use of online platforms due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Materials and Methods: An online questionnaire was distributed among students across the globe using a combination of convenience and snowball sampling. The questionnaire was pretested, prevalidated, and contained 24 close ended and one open-ended question (s) divided into 4 sections. Data obtained were transferred to SPSS version 21.0 and on applying the Shapiro–Wilk test, data were found to be parametric. Therefore, the independent samples t-test and multivariate linear regression were applied to analyze the data keeping P value significant at ≤0.5. Results: Of the total of 715 responses received, most students belonged to India (35.2%) followed by Saudi Arabia (14.5%). Majority of them belonged to the dental background (30.2%) followed by medical (16.1%) and architecture (12.9%). 50.1% used their cellular data to access the Internet and 59.2% of students preferred using a mobile phone. 44.8% of students reported technical issues (P = 0.01), resulting in only 33.4% of the students being able to understand the entire lecture/activity completely (P = 0.01). 58.7% of the students did not prefer online learning (P = 0.03). Linear regression revealed a significant preference for offline learning between students pursuing all levels of education. Conclusions: Although students preferred offline learning, universities are encouraged to sensitize their students to online learning techniques so that they are prepared to “suddenly shift” to online learning due to a variety of reasons (pandemics, natural disasters, and chronic illness).","PeriodicalId":16001,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry","volume":"20 1","pages":"432 - 438"},"PeriodicalIF":0.4,"publicationDate":"2022-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45879585","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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