Pub Date : 2021-05-24DOI: 10.25177/JFST.6.1.RA.10742
Rajesh Singh, Pratiksha Singh, M. Singh, Pooja Nikhanj, P. Sahota, W. Fang, Yangqing Li, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Yeasts have been used for the heterologous production of a range of enzymes. However, α-L-rhamnosidase production in yeasts as well as its vast potential for biotechnological processes is less reported. α-L-Rhamnosidase is one of the important biotechnologically attractive enzymes in several industrial and biotechnological processes. In food and agriculture industries, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of hesperidin to release L-rhamnose and hesperidin glucoside, industrial removal of bitterness from citrus juices caused by naringin, and enhancing aroma in grape juices and derived beverages. In pharmaceutical and chemical industries, this enzyme is used in the structural determination of polysaccharides, glycosides and glycolipids, metabolism of gellan, conversion of chloropolysporin B to chloropolysporin C, and production of prunin. Rhamnosidases are extensively distributed in fungi and bacteria while their production from yeast sources is less reported. Yeast rhamnosidase is very important as it is produced in short-duration fermentation, with enhanced shelf life, high thermal stability, capable of retaining juice flavor, and is non-toxic for human consumption. In this review, an attempt has been made to fill up this gap by focusing on production, purification, characterization, structural and molecular biological studies of yeast rhamnosidase and its potential biotechnological applications.
酵母已被用于多种酶的异源生产。然而，α- l -鼠李糖苷酶在酵母中的生产及其在生物技术过程中的巨大潜力却很少被报道。α- l -鼠李糖苷酶是几种工业和生物技术过程中重要的生物技术酶之一。在食品和农业工业中，该酶催化橙皮苷水解，释放l -鼠李糖和橙皮苷糖苷，工业去除柚皮苷引起的柑桔汁的苦味，增强葡萄汁和衍生饮料的香气。在制药和化学工业中，该酶用于多糖、糖苷和糖脂的结构测定，结冷胶的代谢，氯多孢菌素B转化为氯多孢菌素C，以及prunin的生产。鼠李糖酶广泛分布于真菌和细菌中，而从酵母来源生产鼠李糖酶的报道较少。酵母鼠李糖酶非常重要，因为它是在短时间发酵中产生的，具有延长的保质期，高热稳定性，能够保留果汁风味，并且对人类食用无毒。本文就酵母鼠李糖苷酶的制备、纯化、表征、结构和分子生物学研究及其潜在的生物技术应用前景作一综述。
{"title":"Yeast α-L-Rhamnosidase: Sources, Properties, and Industrial Applications","authors":"Rajesh Singh, Pratiksha Singh, M. Singh, Pooja Nikhanj, P. Sahota, W. Fang, Yangqing Li, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.6.1.RA.10742","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.6.1.RA.10742","url":null,"abstract":"Yeasts have been used for the heterologous production of a range of enzymes. However, α-L-rhamnosidase production in yeasts as well as its vast potential for biotechnological processes is less reported. α-L-Rhamnosidase is one of the important biotechnologically attractive enzymes in several industrial and biotechnological processes. In food and agriculture industries, the enzyme catalyzes the hydrolysis of hesperidin to release L-rhamnose and hesperidin glucoside, industrial removal of bitterness from citrus juices caused by naringin, and enhancing aroma in grape juices and derived beverages. In pharmaceutical and chemical industries, this enzyme is used in the structural determination of polysaccharides, glycosides and glycolipids, metabolism of gellan, conversion of chloropolysporin B to chloropolysporin C, and production of prunin. Rhamnosidases are extensively distributed in fungi and bacteria while their production from yeast sources is less reported. Yeast rhamnosidase is very important as it is produced in short-duration fermentation, with enhanced shelf life, high thermal stability, capable of retaining juice flavor, and is non-toxic for human consumption. In this review, an attempt has been made to fill up this gap by focusing on production, purification, characterization, structural and molecular biological studies of yeast rhamnosidase and its potential biotechnological applications.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"18 1","pages":"313-324"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-05-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85090146","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-01-01DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.7.RA.10686
T. Ding, Yong Li, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Pseudomonas fluorescens is an important psychrotrophic food-spoilage bacterium. Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to control various physiological processes. Hence, targeting bacterial QS would be a novel method to improve food quality. In this study, P. fluorescens P07 was treated with vanillin, which showed strong QS inhibitory activity, and its resultant effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion were measured. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects were then explored by transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that vanillin had inhibitory effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, N-acyl-L-homoserine Lactone (AHLs) and EPS secretion of P. fluorescens P07. The result of transcriptionomic tests indicated that the decrease in bacterial biofilm formation was probably due to the influence of vanillin on mobility, adhesion, chemotaxis, EPS secretion, and QS system of the bacteria.
{"title":"Quorum sensing inhibitory effects of vanillin on the biofilm formation of Pseudomonas fluorescens P07 by transcriptome analysis","authors":"T. Ding, Yong Li, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.7.RA.10686","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.7.RA.10686","url":null,"abstract":"Pseudomonas fluorescens is an important psychrotrophic food-spoilage bacterium. Quorum sensing (QS) enables bacteria to control various physiological processes. Hence, targeting bacterial QS would be a novel method to improve food quality. In this study, P. fluorescens P07 was treated with vanillin, which showed strong QS inhibitory activity, and its resultant effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, and extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) secretion were measured. The mechanisms underlying the inhibitory effects were then explored by transcriptomic analysis. The results showed that vanillin had inhibitory effects on swarming motility, biofilm formation, N-acyl-L-homoserine Lactone (AHLs) and EPS secretion of P. fluorescens P07. The result of transcriptionomic tests indicated that the decrease in bacterial biofilm formation was probably due to the influence of vanillin on mobility, adhesion, chemotaxis, EPS secretion, and QS system of the bacteria.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"1 1","pages":"275-292"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87324584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-12-08DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10684
E. Ferrer, N. Pallarés, G. Font, H. Berrada, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Background: Fusarium species are responsible for production of emerging mycotoxins with cyclic hexadepsispeptides structures, like enniatins and beauvericin. Although these mycotoxins have not been regulated yet, their high prevalence in food and feed, as well as their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have made of them a burning issue and a threat to food security. Besides its inophoric properties, these mycotoxins may induce cells damages such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial modifications and the disruption on the cell cycle related to several health adverse effects such as immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine toxicity and neurotoxicity. Moreover, they showed interesting activity against various microorganisms and insects in several studies, leading to a potential use in pesticide and medicine research, as potential candidates for anticancer therapy. Botanicals can go contaminated by mycotoxins when the harvesting practices or manufacturing conditions are inadequate, which make mandatory their study. Methods: This review explores emerging mycotoxins occurrence in several botanicals forms and discuss their possible prejudicial and beneficial effects. Results: Several researchers have reported mycotoxins occurrence at low incidences and levels in botanicals. Despite emerging mycotoxins toxic effects, beneficial properties have been attributed to these mycotoxins by several authors. These compounds are related to insecticidal activity, antibacterial properties, and antifungal and antiviral activities. Cell organelles or enzyme systems are the targets in its antimicrobial activity. Data collected showed also that emerging mycotoxins are involved in capacity of the multidrug transport protein in human cancer cells modulation and apoptotic cell death induction, several researchers are explaining the possibility to employ them with medicinal purpose. Conclusion: More studies are required to explore enniatins and beauvericin possible applications in medicinal and pesticide research. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that the regulation of emerging mycotoxins in food must be revised and updated.
{"title":"Emerging mycotoxins in botanicals: benefit and risk","authors":"E. Ferrer, N. Pallarés, G. Font, H. Berrada, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10684","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10684","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Fusarium species are responsible for production of emerging mycotoxins with cyclic hexadepsispeptides structures, like enniatins and beauvericin. Although these mycotoxins have not been regulated yet, their high prevalence in food and feed, as well as their potential toxic effects in humans and animals have made of them a burning issue and a threat to food security. Besides its inophoric properties, these mycotoxins may induce cells damages such as oxidative stress, mitochondrial modifications and the disruption on the cell cycle related to several health adverse effects such as immunotoxicity, genotoxicity, endocrine toxicity and neurotoxicity. Moreover, they showed interesting activity against various microorganisms and insects in several studies, leading to a potential use in pesticide and medicine research, as potential candidates for anticancer therapy. Botanicals can go contaminated by mycotoxins when the harvesting practices or manufacturing conditions are inadequate, which make mandatory their study. Methods: This review explores emerging mycotoxins occurrence in several botanicals forms and discuss their possible prejudicial and beneficial effects. Results: Several researchers have reported mycotoxins occurrence at low incidences and levels in botanicals. Despite emerging mycotoxins toxic effects, beneficial properties have been attributed to these mycotoxins by several authors. These compounds are related to insecticidal activity, antibacterial properties, and antifungal and antiviral activities. Cell organelles or enzyme systems are the targets in its antimicrobial activity. Data collected showed also that emerging mycotoxins are involved in capacity of the multidrug transport protein in human cancer cells modulation and apoptotic cell death induction, several researchers are explaining the possibility to employ them with medicinal purpose. Conclusion: More studies are required to explore enniatins and beauvericin possible applications in medicinal and pesticide research. Furthermore, it is important to highlight that the regulation of emerging mycotoxins in food must be revised and updated.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"66 1","pages":"263-274"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-12-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78638774","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-15DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10678
Limin Wang, Lihong Fu, J. Ju, H. El-Shora, Shuwen Zhang, Bo Yu, J. Lv, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Background: Transglutaminase (TG) is an enzyme of the transferase family with cross-linking properties, which has been widely used in the food industry. Traditionally, TG is isolated from strains of Streptomyces sp. However, the development of a facile and efficient production of commercial TG is always desirable. Purpose: In the current study, we described an efficient route for TG production in a food-grade strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. Method: Two strategies were employed for the extracellular production of S. ladakanum TG in B. subtilis. Sixteen signal peptides were optimized to secret TG into the extracellular medium. Site-directed mutageneses in pro-peptide were further utilized to improve the enzymatic activity. The enzymatic characteristics of S. ladakanum TG expressed in B. subtilis were analyzed. Results: The N-terminal amino acids played important roles in enzymatic activity. Signal peptides of SacB (SPSacB) and AbnA (SPAbnA) showed good abilities to direct the secretion of TG into the medium. The enzyme was secreted into the medium and exhibited good Ca stability and temperature stability, which were comparable to those produced by commercial strains. The enzymatic activity in the supernatant of culture reached 7.6 U/mg. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that B. subtilis may be a good candidate for the efficient and stable production of TG and has a much easier purification process.
{"title":"Extracellular production of Streptomyces ladakanum transglutaminase in a food-grade strain, Bacillus subtilis","authors":"Limin Wang, Lihong Fu, J. Ju, H. El-Shora, Shuwen Zhang, Bo Yu, J. Lv, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.6.RA.10678","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Transglutaminase (TG) is an enzyme of the transferase family with cross-linking properties, which has been widely used in the food industry. Traditionally, TG is isolated from strains of Streptomyces sp. However, the development of a facile and efficient production of commercial TG is always desirable. Purpose: In the current study, we described an efficient route for TG production in a food-grade strain of bacteria, Bacillus subtilis. Method: Two strategies were employed for the extracellular production of S. ladakanum TG in B. subtilis. Sixteen signal peptides were optimized to secret TG into the extracellular medium. Site-directed mutageneses in pro-peptide were further utilized to improve the enzymatic activity. The enzymatic characteristics of S. ladakanum TG expressed in B. subtilis were analyzed. Results: The N-terminal amino acids played important roles in enzymatic activity. Signal peptides of SacB (SPSacB) and AbnA (SPAbnA) showed good abilities to direct the secretion of TG into the medium. The enzyme was secreted into the medium and exhibited good Ca stability and temperature stability, which were comparable to those produced by commercial strains. The enzymatic activity in the supernatant of culture reached 7.6 U/mg. Conclusion: Our study demonstrated that B. subtilis may be a good candidate for the efficient and stable production of TG and has a much easier purification process.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"53 1","pages":"252-262"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-15","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85438783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-10-03DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10674
C. I. Kothe, Av. Bento Gonçalves Porto Alegre Rs Brazil Ufrgs, Regina Zilio, Tatiana Pacheco Soares Zamboni, C. Aguzzoli, L. Casarin, E. Tondo
Silver has antimicrobial properties and when implemented on the stainless steel surface can inactivate microorganisms and consequently prevent biofilm formation and cross-contamination of food. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial properties of silver ions implanted on AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces using low-energy doses against Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes, two foodborne pathogens. AISI 304 stainless steel coupons were treated using energy of 2 and 4 keV for silver implantation and simulations were performed to estimate its dose distribution. Coupons containing silver ions were contaminated with S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes and incubated at 25 °C for 1 and 24 h. Results demonstrated that 4 keV treatment were able to reduce S. Enteritidis, but not L. monocytogenes. However, the 2 keV treatment showed significant reductions of both pathogens and the depth profiles of surfaces treated with 2 keV of energy showed 3.5×10 silver atoms/cm2 implanted in up to 5 nm from the stainless steel surface. Silver implanted on stainless steel using low-energy doses demonstrated antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens and this strategy can be used to reduce adhered cells and biofilm formation in food industries.
{"title":"Silver implantation on AISI 304 stainless steel surface using low-energy doses and the antimicrobial effect against Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes","authors":"C. I. Kothe, Av. Bento Gonçalves Porto Alegre Rs Brazil Ufrgs, Regina Zilio, Tatiana Pacheco Soares Zamboni, C. Aguzzoli, L. Casarin, E. Tondo","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10674","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10674","url":null,"abstract":"Silver has antimicrobial properties and when implemented on the stainless steel surface can inactivate microorganisms and consequently prevent biofilm formation and cross-contamination of food. Therefore, in this study we evaluated the antibacterial properties of silver ions implanted on AISI 304 stainless steel surfaces using low-energy doses against Salmonella Enteritidis and Listeria monocytogenes, two foodborne pathogens. AISI 304 stainless steel coupons were treated using energy of 2 and 4 keV for silver implantation and simulations were performed to estimate its dose distribution. Coupons containing silver ions were contaminated with S. Enteritidis and L. monocytogenes and incubated at 25 °C for 1 and 24 h. Results demonstrated that 4 keV treatment were able to reduce S. Enteritidis, but not L. monocytogenes. However, the 2 keV treatment showed significant reductions of both pathogens and the depth profiles of surfaces treated with 2 keV of energy showed 3.5×10 silver atoms/cm2 implanted in up to 5 nm from the stainless steel surface. Silver implanted on stainless steel using low-energy doses demonstrated antimicrobial properties against foodborne pathogens and this strategy can be used to reduce adhered cells and biofilm formation in food industries.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"62 1","pages":"244-251"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-10-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"79491504","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-09-02DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10670
Jiang Yunbin, W. Zhihua, Wang Wenhui, Guo Huangping, J. Xiaohui, Tong Wei, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
The effect of production area and harvest date on the superficial scald incidence, ultra-structure of the pericarp, core browning, and related physical qualities of ‘Suli’ pears during storage period at 0 °C were investigated. ‘Suli’ fruits were harvested at Taigu and Linyi in Shanxi province of China over five different dates and then stored at 0±0.5 °C with 85-90% relative humidity for 120 or 200 days. Superficial scald was detected after 120 and 200 days of storage. Harvest date and production area significantly affected the incidence of superficial scald and the quality of ‘Suli’ fruits. Earlier harvest time was associated with increased incidence of superficial scald. Fruits picked at Linyi developed more severe superficial scald than fruits harvested at Taigu. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the cuticle and wax layer of fruits from Taigu were thicker than those from Linyi after storage. The surface of earlier harvested fruits had less wax and more extensive cracking, lower pectin content, and damaged skin organization structure. The incidence of superficial scald in ‘Suli’ pears is dependent on the ultra-structure of these superficial layers, and differences may be driven by harvest date and location.
{"title":"Production area and harvest date influence superficial scald incidence and ultra-structure of 'Suli' pear skin during long term storage","authors":"Jiang Yunbin, W. Zhihua, Wang Wenhui, Guo Huangping, J. Xiaohui, Tong Wei, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10670","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.5.RA.10670","url":null,"abstract":"The effect of production area and harvest date on the superficial scald incidence, ultra-structure of the pericarp, core browning, and related physical qualities of ‘Suli’ pears during storage period at 0 °C were investigated. ‘Suli’ fruits were harvested at Taigu and Linyi in Shanxi province of China over five different dates and then stored at 0±0.5 °C with 85-90% relative humidity for 120 or 200 days. Superficial scald was detected after 120 and 200 days of storage. Harvest date and production area significantly affected the incidence of superficial scald and the quality of ‘Suli’ fruits. Earlier harvest time was associated with increased incidence of superficial scald. Fruits picked at Linyi developed more severe superficial scald than fruits harvested at Taigu. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) revealed that the cuticle and wax layer of fruits from Taigu were thicker than those from Linyi after storage. The surface of earlier harvested fruits had less wax and more extensive cracking, lower pectin content, and damaged skin organization structure. The incidence of superficial scald in ‘Suli’ pears is dependent on the ultra-structure of these superficial layers, and differences may be driven by harvest date and location.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"51 1","pages":"234-243"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-09-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83064540","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-24DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10658
Shamsher Ali, Alka Sharma, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Fulfilling the food demand of a growing population is the biggest challenge as lot of food globally got wasted due to improper storage and processing. Osmotic dehydration offers high-quality preservation and maintenance of the integrity of fruits & vegetables. Response surface methodology was performed to estimate the main effect of osmotic dehydration process on quality attributes of carrot and beetroot cubes. Higher values of the osmotic solution of salt and sucrose at sample to solution ratio of 1:5 had provoked higher flows of water and solutes through the carrot and beetroot cubes. The range of NaCl concentration varies from 4-12 % w/v in carrot and 12-16 % w/v in beetroot for 2, 4 and 6 hour. However, sucrose concentration varies from 40-60o Brix in both carrot and beetroot. Quality attribute of carrot and beetroot including ascorbic acid, carotenoid, total phenol etc. didn’t changed on recommended process variables 50o Brix of sucrose + 8 % w/v sodium chloride for carrot and 50o Brix of sucrose + 14 % w/v NaCl for beetroot under osmotic dehydration for 4 hours. It was considered to get maximum water loss, weight reduction, subsequent rehydration ratio, overall acceptability and minimum solute gain of rehydrated product.
{"title":"Osmotic Dehydration and Assessment of Quality Attributes of Seasonal Vegetable Crops: Carrot and Beetroot Cubes","authors":"Shamsher Ali, Alka Sharma, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10658","url":null,"abstract":"Fulfilling the food demand of a growing population is the biggest challenge as lot of food globally got wasted due to improper storage and processing. Osmotic dehydration offers high-quality preservation and maintenance of the integrity of fruits & vegetables. Response surface methodology was performed to estimate the main effect of osmotic dehydration process on quality attributes of carrot and beetroot cubes. Higher values of the osmotic solution of salt and sucrose at sample to solution ratio of 1:5 had provoked higher flows of water and solutes through the carrot and beetroot cubes. The range of NaCl concentration varies from 4-12 % w/v in carrot and 12-16 % w/v in beetroot for 2, 4 and 6 hour. However, sucrose concentration varies from 40-60o Brix in both carrot and beetroot. Quality attribute of carrot and beetroot including ascorbic acid, carotenoid, total phenol etc. didn’t changed on recommended process variables 50o Brix of sucrose + 8 % w/v sodium chloride for carrot and 50o Brix of sucrose + 14 % w/v NaCl for beetroot under osmotic dehydration for 4 hours. It was considered to get maximum water loss, weight reduction, subsequent rehydration ratio, overall acceptability and minimum solute gain of rehydrated product.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"1 1","pages":"199-217"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"82598562","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-24DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10644
F. Ghorbani, Masoomeh Ghorbani, Arezou Ghahghaee, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes leads to decrease in the absorption of glucose which is considered as one of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus. Vegetable, fruit, milk and fish are good sources of nucleosides and inosine (INO), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) with versatile health benefits. The welladapted structural features of these compounds for the inhibition/activation of enzymes include several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) acceptors and donors, flexible backbone and hydrophobic nature. The substrates of α-amylase (α-Amy) and α-Glucosidase (α-Glu), known as key absorbing enzymes, have functional groups (OH groups) resembling nucleosides. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory properties of nucleosides against αAmy and α-Glu. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values for α-Glu in the presence of adenosine (ADN), adenosine triphosphate (AMP), NR, INO, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose, ADP-glucose and NMN were determined 208.6±3.8, 254.1±5.2, 177.7±4.8, 192.1±5.2, 215.9±2.7, 65.4±1.3, 63.4±2.2, 75.6±4.2 and 196.1±2.6, respectively. The IC50 values α-Amy in the presence of ADN, AMP, NR, INO, ATP, NAD, ADP-ribose, ADP-glucose and NMN were determined 145.3±2.4, 202.3±3.9, 127.7±4.8, 163.5±3.6, 185.3±1.2, 80.4±2.8, 64.8±4.7, 51.1±1.6 and 166.5±1.4, respectively. Moreover, the Ki values of NAD were calculated as 13.8±0.8 and 18.6±2.4 μM for α-Glu and α-Amy in a competitive-mode and noncompetitive -mode inhibition. In addition, to communicate with the active site of α-Glu and α-Amy respectively, NR presented a binding energy of -7.8 and -6.8 kcal/mol, INO -7.3 and -6.9, ATP -8.3 and -7.3, NAD -10.0 and -8.5, ADP-ribose -8.7 and -7.4, ADP-glucose -8.9 and -7.6, cAMP 6.6 and -6.3 and NMN -6.8 and -7.0 kcal/mol. These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index, but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.
{"title":"The Inhibitory Effects of Nucleosides, Nicotinamide Adenine Dinucleotide, Adenosine 5'-Triphosphate, Inosine, Nicotinamide Riboside and Nicotinamide Mononucleotide Against α-Amylase and α-Glucosidase Enzymes","authors":"F. Ghorbani, Masoomeh Ghorbani, Arezou Ghahghaee, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10644","url":null,"abstract":"Diabetes is a group of metabolic disorders characterized by a high blood sugar level over a prolonged period of time. Inhibition of carbohydrate hydrolyzing enzymes leads to decrease in the absorption of glucose which is considered as one of the effective managements of diabetes mellitus. Vegetable, fruit, milk and fish are good sources of nucleosides and inosine (INO), nicotinamide riboside (NR) and nicotinamide mononucleotide (NMN) with versatile health benefits. The welladapted structural features of these compounds for the inhibition/activation of enzymes include several available hydrogen bond (H-bond) acceptors and donors, flexible backbone and hydrophobic nature. The substrates of α-amylase (α-Amy) and α-Glucosidase (α-Glu), known as key absorbing enzymes, have functional groups (OH groups) resembling nucleosides. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the inhibitory properties of nucleosides against αAmy and α-Glu. The median inhibition concentration (IC50) values for α-Glu in the presence of adenosine (ADN), adenosine triphosphate (AMP), NR, INO, adenosine triphosphate (ATP), nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD), Adenosine diphosphate (ADP)-ribose, ADP-glucose and NMN were determined 208.6±3.8, 254.1±5.2, 177.7±4.8, 192.1±5.2, 215.9±2.7, 65.4±1.3, 63.4±2.2, 75.6±4.2 and 196.1±2.6, respectively. The IC50 values α-Amy in the presence of ADN, AMP, NR, INO, ATP, NAD, ADP-ribose, ADP-glucose and NMN were determined 145.3±2.4, 202.3±3.9, 127.7±4.8, 163.5±3.6, 185.3±1.2, 80.4±2.8, 64.8±4.7, 51.1±1.6 and 166.5±1.4, respectively. Moreover, the Ki values of NAD were calculated as 13.8±0.8 and 18.6±2.4 μM for α-Glu and α-Amy in a competitive-mode and noncompetitive -mode inhibition. In addition, to communicate with the active site of α-Glu and α-Amy respectively, NR presented a binding energy of -7.8 and -6.8 kcal/mol, INO -7.3 and -6.9, ATP -8.3 and -7.3, NAD -10.0 and -8.5, ADP-ribose -8.7 and -7.4, ADP-glucose -8.9 and -7.6, cAMP 6.6 and -6.3 and NMN -6.8 and -7.0 kcal/mol. These antioxidant inhibitors may be potential anti-diabetic drugs, not only to reduce glycemic index, but also to limit the activity of the major reactive oxygen species (ROS) producing pathways.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"23 1","pages":"182-198"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"88644155","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2020-08-23DOI: 10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10657
Ngoy Bulaya Emmanuel, Malamba Wa Malamba Sylvain, M. Ali, L. Oscar, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals
Inappropriate complementary feeding is among the main causes of malnutrition worldwide. However, optimal complementary feeding is an effective child survival strategy ranked among the top life-saving interventions for children under 5 years. WHO and UNICEF underline the use of available food locally produced for children less than 2 years as a significant strategy to ensure the optimal complementary feeding. Maize-Soy blend in 3/1 proportion (MASO31) is consumed as complementary food in Katanga. Nevertheless, its nutritional value isn’t known nor its adequacy as additional food. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of MASO31 content according to the WHO recommendations on complementary feeding. Two samples of MASO31 formulas were taken of two different preparations, for biochemical analysis nutrients data (energy, protein, Fe, Ca, P, Zn) in the Research and Agro Alimentary Analysis Center (CRAA) of Lubumbashi. The biochemical methods used were specific to analyze each nutrient data in MASO31 such as conversion factors and KJELDHAL. Comparative analysis of «MASO31» content was done using the WHO Complementary Feeding Recommendations as gold standard. Energy and nutrients content of 100g of «MASO31» were higher than the WHO Recommendations for complementary feeding period in daily need. But, calcium and phosphorus content was lower than the recommendations and needed improvements. The number of times that was proposed by ACANUDE NGO for «MASO31» to be fed is similar to the WHO recommendations on meal frequency in complementary feeding. MASO31 may be recommended in complementary feeding in DRC but calcium and phosphorus content should be enriched. Key words: Adequate complementary food, Complementary feeding, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Local complementary food and Nutritional value.
{"title":"NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF MASO31 RECIPE AND COMPLEMENTARY FEEDING ACCORDING TO THE WHO RECOMMENDATIONS IN KATANGA, DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO","authors":"Ngoy Bulaya Emmanuel, Malamba Wa Malamba Sylvain, M. Ali, L. Oscar, Sift Desk Journals Open Access Journals","doi":"10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10657","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.25177/JFST.5.4.RA.10657","url":null,"abstract":"Inappropriate complementary feeding is among the main causes of malnutrition worldwide. However, optimal complementary feeding is an effective child survival strategy ranked among the top life-saving interventions for children under 5 years. WHO and UNICEF underline the use of available food locally produced for children less than 2 years as a significant strategy to ensure the optimal complementary feeding. Maize-Soy blend in 3/1 proportion (MASO31) is consumed as complementary food in Katanga. Nevertheless, its nutritional value isn’t known nor its adequacy as additional food. This study aimed to evaluate the nutritional value of MASO31 content according to the WHO recommendations on complementary feeding. Two samples of MASO31 formulas were taken of two different preparations, for biochemical analysis nutrients data (energy, protein, Fe, Ca, P, Zn) in the Research and Agro Alimentary Analysis Center (CRAA) of Lubumbashi. The biochemical methods used were specific to analyze each nutrient data in MASO31 such as conversion factors and KJELDHAL. Comparative analysis of «MASO31» content was done using the WHO Complementary Feeding Recommendations as gold standard. Energy and nutrients content of 100g of «MASO31» were higher than the WHO Recommendations for complementary feeding period in daily need. But, calcium and phosphorus content was lower than the recommendations and needed improvements. The number of times that was proposed by ACANUDE NGO for «MASO31» to be fed is similar to the WHO recommendations on meal frequency in complementary feeding. MASO31 may be recommended in complementary feeding in DRC but calcium and phosphorus content should be enriched. Key words: Adequate complementary food, Complementary feeding, Democratic Republic of the Congo, Local complementary food and Nutritional value.","PeriodicalId":16004,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Food Science and Technology-mysore","volume":"19 1","pages":"172-181"},"PeriodicalIF":3.1,"publicationDate":"2020-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"78956720","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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