Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13666
Akshay Patil, Oliver Fringer
: Turbulent flows over bumpy walls are ubiquitous and pose a fundamental challenge to various engineering applications such as coastal boundary layers, drag on ships, hydraulic conveyance networks, and bluff body aerodynamics, to name a few. In this study, we used direct numerical simulations (DNS) along with a direct-forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) to understand the connection between the roughness geometry and the mean flow drag. A bumpy wall was constructed using an array of randomly oriented ellipsoids characterized by the Corey shape factor ( C o ). We found that our results exactly validated the experimental studies by Nikuradse for sand-grain type roughness ( C o ¼ 1 . 0 ). Additionally, we observed that the mean flow drag increased for decreasing C o through an increase in the form-drag contribution and a decrease in the viscous drag. We also developed a relationship between the statistics of the bottom height distribution and the roughness parameter ( z 0 ) that may help explain the spread observed in the drag coefficient predicted when using conventional tools such as the Moody diagram. DOI: 10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13666. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.
{"title":"Characterizing the Roughness in Channel Flows Using Direct Numerical Simulations","authors":"Akshay Patil, Oliver Fringer","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13666","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13666","url":null,"abstract":": Turbulent flows over bumpy walls are ubiquitous and pose a fundamental challenge to various engineering applications such as coastal boundary layers, drag on ships, hydraulic conveyance networks, and bluff body aerodynamics, to name a few. In this study, we used direct numerical simulations (DNS) along with a direct-forcing immersed boundary method (IBM) to understand the connection between the roughness geometry and the mean flow drag. A bumpy wall was constructed using an array of randomly oriented ellipsoids characterized by the Corey shape factor ( C o ). We found that our results exactly validated the experimental studies by Nikuradse for sand-grain type roughness ( C o ¼ 1 . 0 ). Additionally, we observed that the mean flow drag increased for decreasing C o through an increase in the form-drag contribution and a decrease in the viscous drag. We also developed a relationship between the statistics of the bottom height distribution and the roughness parameter ( z 0 ) that may help explain the spread observed in the drag coefficient predicted when using conventional tools such as the Moody diagram. DOI: 10.1061/JHEND8.HYENG-13666. This work is made available under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license, https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"134 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957536","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13689
Jay Lund
{"title":"Navier’s 1832 Contributions to the Finance, Governance, and Evaluation of Public Works","authors":"Jay Lund","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13689","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13689","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45000402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13740
B. Brunone, S. Meniconi, C. Capponi
{"title":"The Damping of Pressure Peaks during Transients for Fault Detection in Pressurized Pipelines: An Expeditious and Manager-Oriented Diagnosis Procedure","authors":"B. Brunone, S. Meniconi, C. Capponi","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13740","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13740","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45466789","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13477
Puer Xu, N. Cheng, M. Wei
{"title":"Combined Logarithmic and Linear Law for Double-Averaged Flow Velocity Profiles over Two-Dimensional Fixed Dunes","authors":"Puer Xu, N. Cheng, M. Wei","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13477","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13477","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43763980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13398
Reza Fatahi-alkouhi, A. Shanehsazzadeh, M. Hashemi
{"title":"Enhanced Physically Based Models for Pressure Characteristics at Plunge Pool Bottoms","authors":"Reza Fatahi-alkouhi, A. Shanehsazzadeh, M. Hashemi","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13398","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13398","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43378824","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13591
Jennifer G. Duan, Frank L. Engel, Ammon Cadogan
Measurement of river discharge during flooding events has especially been a challenging and dangerous task in the southwestern US, where flows can be flashy, laden with sediment, and at high velocity. Small unoccupied aircraft systems (sUAS) can be deployed to access unsafe field sites and capture imagery for measuring surface flow velocity and discharge. This paper compares flow discharge estimation at eight field sites—located at or near USGS gauging stations—using time-averaged surface velocities and the turbulence dissipation rate (TDR) derived from large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) analysis of sUAS videos with conventional measurement techniques conducted by professional USGS hydrographers. Sites characteristics include both natural and engineered channels. The conventional measured discharges were treated as the reference discharges for evaluating the accuracy of the LSPIV discharge estimates. This study evaluated four approaches to estimate the depth-averaged or cross-sectional averaged velocity: constant-velocity index, logarithmic law, power-law, and the entropy method. Results showed the discharges can be accurately calculated by using any of these methods, and that choice of method depended on width to depth ratios.Practical ApplicationsAccurate measurement of water quantity is of vital importance to water resource managers, forecasters, and the public. Often, such as during floods, conditions at the river can be very dangerous to the crews responsible for such measurements. Small unoccupied aircraft systems (or drones) are proving to be an excellent tool for quantifying river flows using methods that do not involve directly entering flooding rivers. By using video collected from drones, we show that it is possible for practitioners to accurately measure flow discharge during in rivers and canals. We evaluate four methods for completing the task, and offer suggestions based on our findings. Although more research is needed to perfect the methods, we find that it is possible to accurately measure river flows using video from sUAS, and thus potentially improve safety for those put in harm’s way.
{"title":"Discharge Estimation Using Video Recordings from Small Unoccupied Aircraft Systems","authors":"Jennifer G. Duan, Frank L. Engel, Ammon Cadogan","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13591","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13591","url":null,"abstract":"Measurement of river discharge during flooding events has especially been a challenging and dangerous task in the southwestern US, where flows can be flashy, laden with sediment, and at high velocity. Small unoccupied aircraft systems (sUAS) can be deployed to access unsafe field sites and capture imagery for measuring surface flow velocity and discharge. This paper compares flow discharge estimation at eight field sites—located at or near USGS gauging stations—using time-averaged surface velocities and the turbulence dissipation rate (TDR) derived from large-scale particle image velocimetry (LSPIV) analysis of sUAS videos with conventional measurement techniques conducted by professional USGS hydrographers. Sites characteristics include both natural and engineered channels. The conventional measured discharges were treated as the reference discharges for evaluating the accuracy of the LSPIV discharge estimates. This study evaluated four approaches to estimate the depth-averaged or cross-sectional averaged velocity: constant-velocity index, logarithmic law, power-law, and the entropy method. Results showed the discharges can be accurately calculated by using any of these methods, and that choice of method depended on width to depth ratios.Practical ApplicationsAccurate measurement of water quantity is of vital importance to water resource managers, forecasters, and the public. Often, such as during floods, conditions at the river can be very dangerous to the crews responsible for such measurements. Small unoccupied aircraft systems (or drones) are proving to be an excellent tool for quantifying river flows using methods that do not involve directly entering flooding rivers. By using video collected from drones, we show that it is possible for practitioners to accurately measure flow discharge during in rivers and canals. We evaluate four methods for completing the task, and offer suggestions based on our findings. Although more research is needed to perfect the methods, we find that it is possible to accurately measure river flows using video from sUAS, and thus potentially improve safety for those put in harm’s way.","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"132 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957391","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13728
Ruidi Bai, Rongcai Tang, Hang Wang
{"title":"Closure to “Performance of Intrusive Phase-Detection Probe with Large Sensor Size in Air-Water Flow Measurement and Application to Prototype Hydraulic Jump Study”","authors":"Ruidi Bai, Rongcai Tang, Hang Wang","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13728","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13728","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"195 7","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134957513","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13563
Rui Shi, Davide Wüthrich, Hubert Chanson
{"title":"Discussion of “Performance of Intrusive Phase-Detection Probe with Large Sensor Size in Air-Water Flow Measurement and Application to Prototype Hydraulic Jump Study”","authors":"Rui Shi, Davide Wüthrich, Hubert Chanson","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13563","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":"122 ","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136102564","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-01DOI: 10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13190
Yalan Song, Chaopeng Shen, Xiaofeng Liu
{"title":"A Surrogate Model for Shallow Water Equations Solvers with Deep Learning","authors":"Yalan Song, Chaopeng Shen, Xiaofeng Liu","doi":"10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13190","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1061/jhend8.hyeng-13190","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16046,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Hydraulic Engineering","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.4,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41714298","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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