Purpose: Injuries constitute a leading and growing cause of emergency department (ED) visits in sub-Saharan Africa. Characteristics of ED injury patients have been well-described in many parts of the world; however, data remain scarce throughout Africa, Botswana included. We aimed to describe in detail injury-related ED visits at an urban public referral hospital in Botswana. Methodology: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented to Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana, over a period of 4 randomly selected consecutive months. Demographic data, injury mechanism, type, severity and ED disposition were abstracted from the medical record into a Microsoft Access database designed for this study. Study variables were analyzed with summary statistics for frequencies, percentages, means, medians and relationships using SPSS. Injury severity was calculated for each patient using the modified Kampala Trauma Score. Results: 6715 ED visits occurred during the study period, and 1709 (25.5%) were injury related. Of these, 63.9% were male, 24.7% <14 years old, 6.7% age 14-19, 49.1% 20-40, and 19.5% >40. 35.9% were due to falls, 23.6% assault and 18.8% road traffic crashes. 40.5% isolated soft tissue injuries, 34.7% isolated extremity injuries, 9.4% multiple injuries and 5.3% head and neck injuries. Kampala Trauma Score II (KTS) was available for 76% of patients. 1.7% scored ≤6, 5.9% 7-8, and 92.4% 9-10. For patients with KTS ≤6, 18% died in the ED, 82% were admitted and 0% discharged home. For KTS 7-8, 0% died, 93.5% were admitted, 6.5% were discharged home. For KTS II 9-10, 0% died, 26% were admitted, 74% were discharged home. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study is among the first in Botswana to assess the burden of injuries using a validated injury severity scoring tool. Based on the study findings and applicability of the KTS II in our setting, we recommend that PMH ED incorporates and promotes a severity scoring system to help in planning and resource allocation. PMH ED receives many low acuity injuries therefore improving the availability of basic resources in local clinics may reduce overcrowding. Future studies should aim to involve multiple centers to get a true representation of injury burden in Botswana.
{"title":"Burden and Severity of Injuries at the Emergency Department of a Tertiary Hospital in Botswana- Princess Marina Hospital","authors":"Boiki Lobatse, Megan Cox, M. Motsumi","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2262","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2262","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Injuries constitute a leading and growing cause of emergency department (ED) visits in sub-Saharan Africa. Characteristics of ED injury patients have been well-described in many parts of the world; however, data remain scarce throughout Africa, Botswana included. We aimed to describe in detail injury-related ED visits at an urban public referral hospital in Botswana. \u0000Methodology: We conducted a retrospective chart review of all patients who presented to Princess Marina Hospital in Gaborone, Botswana, over a period of 4 randomly selected consecutive months. Demographic data, injury mechanism, type, severity and ED disposition were abstracted from the medical record into a Microsoft Access database designed for this study. Study variables were analyzed with summary statistics for frequencies, percentages, means, medians and relationships using SPSS. Injury severity was calculated for each patient using the modified Kampala Trauma Score. \u0000Results: 6715 ED visits occurred during the study period, and 1709 (25.5%) were injury related. Of these, 63.9% were male, 24.7% <14 years old, 6.7% age 14-19, 49.1% 20-40, and 19.5% >40. 35.9% were due to falls, 23.6% assault and 18.8% road traffic crashes. 40.5% isolated soft tissue injuries, 34.7% isolated extremity injuries, 9.4% multiple injuries and 5.3% head and neck injuries. Kampala Trauma Score II (KTS) was available for 76% of patients. 1.7% scored ≤6, 5.9% 7-8, and 92.4% 9-10. For patients with KTS ≤6, 18% died in the ED, 82% were admitted and 0% discharged home. For KTS 7-8, 0% died, 93.5% were admitted, 6.5% were discharged home. For KTS II 9-10, 0% died, 26% were admitted, 74% were discharged home. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: This study is among the first in Botswana to assess the burden of injuries using a validated injury severity scoring tool. Based on the study findings and applicability of the KTS II in our setting, we recommend that PMH ED incorporates and promotes a severity scoring system to help in planning and resource allocation. PMH ED receives many low acuity injuries therefore improving the availability of basic resources in local clinics may reduce overcrowding. Future studies should aim to involve multiple centers to get a true representation of injury burden in Botswana.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":" 945","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139617398","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: To explore the type of language used on tuberculosis treatment adherence in an informal settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya. Methodology: This was by a descriptive qualitative research design. The sample size was 67 and comprised 10 healthcare workers and 57 TB patients. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the participants. The study conducted 37 unstructured in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted by first translating the data, then transcribing the verbatim of the in-depth unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The transcribed data was later analyzed using thematic analysis. Data was presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts. Findings: The findings of the study indicated that majority of the tuberculosis patients found that the type of language used by the healthcare workers when communicating with them determined whether they would adhere to treatment or not. If the language used was not well understood by the patient or if the healthcare worker used complex language, then the patient was not likely to adhere to treatment. The findings further indicated that more than half of the patients were fluent in Swahili language while the remaining patients only had basic knowledge of the language. Sixty percent that is 34 of the participants were fluent in Swahili language whereas thirty- eight percent that is 22 patients had basic knowledge of the language, and one did not understand the language and opted to communicate with the help of an interpreter. Seventy percent that is 40 of the patients indicated that when the healthcare workers communicated with them in simple language they were more likely to adhere to TB treatment. Findings from the healthcare workers indicated that Swahili was the preferred language used by both the healthcare workers and the tuberculosis patients. If a patient did not understand Swahili language, the healthcare workers would look for an interpreter who would then translate to the patient the required information. The use of complex medical language was only used when the healthcare workers were communicating amongst themselves. Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice and Policy: The constructs of the theories informed the study in terms of treatment adherence by emphasizing the benefits of seeking healthcare early. On practice, healthcare workers needed to be aware of type of language used when interacting with their patients as they are likely to affect their patients’ adherence to treatment. Based on these findings, policymakers should ensure that all healthcare workers should use simple language that is, the use of plain common words to make it easier for the patients to understand. In addition, any health messages, appointment cards or any other TB information whether spoken or written meant for the patients, should be designed in a language that is simple for the patient to comprehend.
{"title":"Doctor Patient Type of Language Used and Tuberculosis Treatment Adherence in Kibera Informal Settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya","authors":"Beatrice Koech, Geoffrey Sikolia, Nancy Macharia","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2253","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2253","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: To explore the type of language used on tuberculosis treatment adherence in an informal settlement in Nairobi County, Kenya. \u0000Methodology: This was by a descriptive qualitative research design. The sample size was 67 and comprised 10 healthcare workers and 57 TB patients. Purposive sampling technique was used to sample the participants. The study conducted 37 unstructured in-depth interviews and 3 focus group discussions. Data analysis was conducted by first translating the data, then transcribing the verbatim of the in-depth unstructured interviews and focus group discussions. The transcribed data was later analyzed using thematic analysis. Data was presented using tables, bar charts and pie charts. \u0000Findings: The findings of the study indicated that majority of the tuberculosis patients found that the type of language used by the healthcare workers when communicating with them determined whether they would adhere to treatment or not. If the language used was not well understood by the patient or if the healthcare worker used complex language, then the patient was not likely to adhere to treatment. The findings further indicated that more than half of the patients were fluent in Swahili language while the remaining patients only had basic knowledge of the language. Sixty percent that is 34 of the participants were fluent in Swahili language whereas thirty- eight percent that is 22 patients had basic knowledge of the language, and one did not understand the language and opted to communicate with the help of an interpreter. Seventy percent that is 40 of the patients indicated that when the healthcare workers communicated with them in simple language they were more likely to adhere to TB treatment. Findings from the healthcare workers indicated that Swahili was the preferred language used by both the healthcare workers and the tuberculosis patients. If a patient did not understand Swahili language, the healthcare workers would look for an interpreter who would then translate to the patient the required information. The use of complex medical language was only used when the healthcare workers were communicating amongst themselves. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory and Practice and Policy: The constructs of the theories informed the study in terms of treatment adherence by emphasizing the benefits of seeking healthcare early. On practice, healthcare workers needed to be aware of type of language used when interacting with their patients as they are likely to affect their patients’ adherence to treatment. Based on these findings, policymakers should ensure that all healthcare workers should use simple language that is, the use of plain common words to make it easier for the patients to understand. In addition, any health messages, appointment cards or any other TB information whether spoken or written meant for the patients, should be designed in a language that is simple for the patient to comprehend.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"1 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139380527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Assessment of Iron Nutritional Status in A Group of Jordanian School Children Aged 6-12 Years in Deir Alla District","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"22 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140520414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Vaccine Production and Distribution Challenges: An AI-Assisted Technologies for the Overcoming of Logistical Hurdles Faced by Sub-Saharan Africa with focus on Ghana","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"46 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517243","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Garment Production Processes and their Health Challenges: A Case of Tailors and Dressmakers in the Small-Scale Clothing Industries in Sunyani Municipality","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-08","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-08","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"25 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140526942","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"An Analysis of The Use of Artificial Intelligence in the United States of America’s Healthcare System","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-07","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-07","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"27 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140523845","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Association Between Oral Nutritional Supplements and Serum Biomarkers on Hemodialysis Patients. A Retrospective Study","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-05","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-05","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"327 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140521300","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of vitamin D supplementation on blood glucose levels and lipid profile in diabetic type 2 adult in -Qatar.","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/113-06","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/113-06","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"52 24","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140517518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Exploring Ketamine's Repurposing for Treating Cocaine Use Disorder: A Ghanaian Perspective on Ethical and Legal Constraints","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/111-04","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/111-04","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"64 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139304335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Comparative Analysis: AI-Assisted Vaccine Distribution During COVID-19 Pandemic","authors":"","doi":"10.7176/jhmn/111-03","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.7176/jhmn/111-03","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"100 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139298332","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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