Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess awareness of cancer and cancer risk factors among women in Kitale Municipality Methodology: A cross-sectional study using stratified simple sampling to select a sample of 422 women aged 30-69 years old was adopted. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and coding was done in SPSS v20. Subsequent content analysis was used to descriptively summarize and compute proportions, mean and standard deviation in reporting socio-demographic data. To test the association between dependent and independent variables, Chi-square was used while Multiple Logistic Regression analysis was used to generate adjusted odds ratios of association. Data was presented in form of tables and figures. Findings: Findings suggest that 80% (338) women were aware of cervical cancer. Among them, 75% (317) had never heard of Human Papilloma Virus HPV while only 23% (97) women knew HPV infection was a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. There was a positive association between awareness of multiple sexual partners (p=0.007); early sexual intercourse (p=0.012) as risk factors and cervical cancer screening. This study found that there was modest awareness about cervical cancer among women in this Municipality. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends scale up for cervical cancer awareness by stakeholders. The current study has added knowledge that will be used by stakeholders advocating for cervical cancer awareness that will aid in uptake important in early detection and treatment of cervical cancer cases, and hence reducing case morbidity and mortality.
{"title":"Awareness of Cancer and Cancer Risk Factors among Women in Kitale Municipality","authors":"Sostine Makunja, Joash Aluoch, Caroline Ngugi","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2793","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2793","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess awareness of cancer and cancer risk factors among women in Kitale Municipality \u0000Methodology: A cross-sectional study using stratified simple sampling to select a sample of 422 women aged 30-69 years old was adopted. A Structured questionnaire was used to collect data. Data entry and coding was done in SPSS v20. Subsequent content analysis was used to descriptively summarize and compute proportions, mean and standard deviation in reporting socio-demographic data. To test the association between dependent and independent variables, Chi-square was used while Multiple Logistic Regression analysis was used to generate adjusted odds ratios of association. Data was presented in form of tables and figures. \u0000Findings: Findings suggest that 80% (338) women were aware of cervical cancer. Among them, 75% (317) had never heard of Human Papilloma Virus HPV while only 23% (97) women knew HPV infection was a risk factor for developing cervical cancer. There was a positive association between awareness of multiple sexual partners (p=0.007); early sexual intercourse (p=0.012) as risk factors and cervical cancer screening. This study found that there was modest awareness about cervical cancer among women in this Municipality. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends scale up for cervical cancer awareness by stakeholders. The current study has added knowledge that will be used by stakeholders advocating for cervical cancer awareness that will aid in uptake important in early detection and treatment of cervical cancer cases, and hence reducing case morbidity and mortality.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"6 8","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141804233","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Asobochia, M. Dzeuta, F. Akoa, Ulrich Dama, J. Abanda, Désiré Tchoffo, Henri Kamga, V. Ndoungue
Purpose: Malaria is one of the febrile illnesses and the most common fatal disease in the world caused by one or more species of Plasmodium. Because malaria and typhoid fever usually display similar symptoms, malaria patients are likely to be suspected of typhoid fever, especially when they do not respond to the malaria first line medication. To determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients suspected of typhoid fever in the Bamenda and Bafousam regional hospitals. Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study in which participants were recruited by convenience. The population for this study was volunteer patients suspected of typhoid fever by the respective hospital physicians. Blood samples were collected and Rapid Diagnostic Test was carried out, as well as thin and thick blood films. Data was analyzed using SPSS V20.0. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between results with a p-value of 0.05 considered significant at 95% confidence interval. Results: A total of 356 patients suspected of typhoid fever were contacted for the study of which 337 signed the consent form and took part in the study from the two targetted Regional Hospitals giving a participation rate of 94.66%. Among the participants, 195[57.9%] were from the Bamenda regional hospital while 142[42.1%] were from the Bafoussam regional hospital. Majority 65.9% of the participants were females recorded in both hospitals. An overall prevalence of 37.4% was recorded in both the Bafoussam and Bamenda regional hospital there was thus no statistical significant difference between the result gotten from the two Regional Hospitals [p=0.3]. The age group with the highest prevalence was that of 10-29 years. More than 90% of infections were caused by Plasmodium falciparum while about 3% of the infections were due to Plasmodium vivax. The prevalence of malaria infections in patients suspected of typhoid fever in the Bamenda and Bafoussam Regional Hospitals is 37.4%, and more women were infected than males. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: We advocated that proper malaria investigation of suspected cases should be carried out before embarking into typhoid fever treatment. This study have saved as an eye opener to medical practitioners to test both typhoid and malaria for all patients presenting with such signs and symptoms.
{"title":"Prevalence of Malaria Infection among Patience Suspected of Typhoid Fever at the Bamenda and Bafoussam Regional Hospital","authors":"A. Asobochia, M. Dzeuta, F. Akoa, Ulrich Dama, J. Abanda, Désiré Tchoffo, Henri Kamga, V. Ndoungue","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2715","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2715","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Malaria is one of the febrile illnesses and the most common fatal disease in the world caused by one or more species of Plasmodium. Because malaria and typhoid fever usually display similar symptoms, malaria patients are likely to be suspected of typhoid fever, especially when they do not respond to the malaria first line medication. To determine the prevalence of malaria infection among patients suspected of typhoid fever in the Bamenda and Bafousam regional hospitals. \u0000Methodology: This study was a descriptive cross sectional study in which participants were recruited by convenience. The population for this study was volunteer patients suspected of typhoid fever by the respective hospital physicians. Blood samples were collected and Rapid Diagnostic Test was carried out, as well as thin and thick blood films. Data was analyzed using SPSS V20.0. Chi-square test was used to assess the association between results with a p-value of 0.05 considered significant at 95% confidence interval. \u0000Results: A total of 356 patients suspected of typhoid fever were contacted for the study of which 337 signed the consent form and took part in the study from the two targetted Regional Hospitals giving a participation rate of 94.66%. Among the participants, 195[57.9%] were from the Bamenda regional hospital while 142[42.1%] were from the Bafoussam regional hospital. Majority 65.9% of the participants were females recorded in both hospitals. An overall prevalence of 37.4% was recorded in both the Bafoussam and Bamenda regional hospital there was thus no statistical significant difference between the result gotten from the two Regional Hospitals [p=0.3]. The age group with the highest prevalence was that of 10-29 years. More than 90% of infections were caused by Plasmodium falciparum while about 3% of the infections were due to Plasmodium vivax. The prevalence of malaria infections in patients suspected of typhoid fever in the Bamenda and Bafoussam Regional Hospitals is 37.4%, and more women were infected than males. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: We advocated that proper malaria investigation of suspected cases should be carried out before embarking into typhoid fever treatment. This study have saved as an eye opener to medical practitioners to test both typhoid and malaria for all patients presenting with such signs and symptoms.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"25 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141685279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Tabitha W. Kamau, Diana Menya, Naftali Busakhala, Eva M. Ombiro, E. Melly
Purpose: The study objectives were: to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated for EC in Eldoret and to determine the change in health-related quality of life of patients treated for EC. Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted at three cancer centers in Eldoret, Kenya. Participants were interviewed at enrollment (pre-treatment) and three months post-treatment. The study included patients aged 18 and above with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer. Consecutive sampling method was used to enroll study participants until a predetermined sample size of 59 was achieved. Independent variables considered were patient characteristics (demographic and clinical), and baseline HRQoL while the dependent variable was 3 months post-treatment HRQoL. Patients' characteristic data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages); change in HRQoL was calculated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results were presented using tables. Findings: At baseline, 59 patients (68% female, mean age 56.3 years) were enrolled. The most common complaints were dysphagia (100%) and weight loss (74.6%). The baseline mean HRQoL score was 107.1, indicating a compromised quality of life at the start of treatment. After treatment, patients receiving chemotherapy plus surgery showed improved HRQoL, while radiotherapy alone was associated with deterioration. The differences were statistically significant (p-values: 0.04 and 0.0092, respectively). Multivariate regression revealed that only baseline HRQoL was significantly associated with post-treatment HRQoL (p=0.0065).This study sheds light on the underexplored aspect of HRQoL in Kenyan esophageal cancer patients. The findings emphasize the impact of treatment modalities on HRQoL, with chemotherapy plus surgery showing better outcomes. The study underscores the importance of considering patients' baseline HRQoL in assessing post-treatment outcomes. Addressing these factors can inform targeted interventions to improve the overall well-being of esophageal cancer patients in Kenya. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is warranted to enhance the generalizability of these findings. Unique Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: This study highly recommends community sensitization and awareness of esophageal cancer to the at-risk population groups, further research on HRQoL as a prognostic marker for patients with esophageal cancer and more high-quality studies on HRQoL with large sample sizes are needed to determine the association between characteristics of the patients and health-related quality of life.
{"title":"Changes in Health-Related Quality of Life of Patients Treated for Esophageal Cancer in Eldoret, Kenya","authors":"Tabitha W. Kamau, Diana Menya, Naftali Busakhala, Eva M. Ombiro, E. Melly","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2716","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2716","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The study objectives were: to determine the demographic and clinical characteristics of patients treated for EC in Eldoret and to determine the change in health-related quality of life of patients treated for EC. \u0000Methodology: A longitudinal study was conducted at three cancer centers in Eldoret, Kenya. Participants were interviewed at enrollment (pre-treatment) and three months post-treatment. The study included patients aged 18 and above with histologically confirmed esophageal cancer. Consecutive sampling method was used to enroll study participants until a predetermined sample size of 59 was achieved. Independent variables considered were patient characteristics (demographic and clinical), and baseline HRQoL while the dependent variable was 3 months post-treatment HRQoL. Patients' characteristic data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequencies and percentages); change in HRQoL was calculated using the analysis of variance (ANOVA) test and the results were presented using tables. \u0000Findings: At baseline, 59 patients (68% female, mean age 56.3 years) were enrolled. The most common complaints were dysphagia (100%) and weight loss (74.6%). The baseline mean HRQoL score was 107.1, indicating a compromised quality of life at the start of treatment. After treatment, patients receiving chemotherapy plus surgery showed improved HRQoL, while radiotherapy alone was associated with deterioration. The differences were statistically significant (p-values: 0.04 and 0.0092, respectively). Multivariate regression revealed that only baseline HRQoL was significantly associated with post-treatment HRQoL (p=0.0065).This study sheds light on the underexplored aspect of HRQoL in Kenyan esophageal cancer patients. The findings emphasize the impact of treatment modalities on HRQoL, with chemotherapy plus surgery showing better outcomes. The study underscores the importance of considering patients' baseline HRQoL in assessing post-treatment outcomes. Addressing these factors can inform targeted interventions to improve the overall well-being of esophageal cancer patients in Kenya. Further research with larger, more diverse samples is warranted to enhance the generalizability of these findings. Unique Contribution to Theory Practice and Policy: This study highly recommends community sensitization and awareness of esophageal cancer to the at-risk population groups, further research on HRQoL as a prognostic marker for patients with esophageal cancer and more high-quality studies on HRQoL with large sample sizes are needed to determine the association between characteristics of the patients and health-related quality of life.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"9 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-07-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141687590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish the health system-related factors that influence retention in care among HIV infected pregnant women in Narok County, Kenya. Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional mixed method design. Purposive sampling method was used to sample the required sample size of 117 HIV infected pregnant women, the participants of the Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The study was carried out at Narok County Referral and all the sub-county hospitals in Narok County. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Focus group discussion and KII guides were used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Nvivo version 14 respectively. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the health system-related factors that influence retention in HIV care. Thematic content analysis was done for qualitative data. The mean age of participants was 30 years (SD=6.48). The study results generated were presented in bar graphs and tables for quantitative data. Results were presented as narrations and triangulated with qualitative data. Findings: This study established that health system-related factors (waiting time, health care workers services and ARV availability) influenced retention in care among HIV infected pregnant women. However, only ARV availability had a significant association with retention in care (P<0.001, OR=0.19). The multiple logistic regression was used to predict the influence of grouped variables. Overall, the model was a significant predictor of retention in care. Health system related factors was found to increase the likelihood of being retained in care (OR=5.14), though not significant predictors of retention in care (P<0.34). Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Health system-related factors particularly ARV drug stocks, healthcare workers staffing and timely access of services should be strengthened in order to avert stock outs, minimize waiting time and follow up patients who miss clinic appointments to increase retention among pregnant women in HIV care. Advocate for policy reforms aimed at addressing structural barriers to retention in care, including increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, workforce capacity building, and integration of HIV services within maternal and child health programs. By aligning policy initiatives with the unique needs of HIV-infected pregnant women, policymakers can foster an enabling environment for retention in care, ultimately contributing to the achievement of national and global HIV/AIDS targets.
目的：本研究旨在确定影响肯尼亚纳罗克县受 HIV 感染孕妇继续接受护理的卫生系统相关因素。研究方法：研究采用横断面混合方法设计。研究采用了有目的的抽样方法，抽取了 117 名受 HIV 感染的孕妇、焦点小组讨论 (FGD) 参与者和关键信息提供者访谈 (KII) 参与者作为所需的样本量。研究在纳罗克县的转诊医院和所有县级以下医院进行。采用结构化问卷收集定量数据。焦点小组讨论和 KII 指南用于收集定性数据。定量和定性数据分别使用 SPSS 21 版和 Nvivo 14 版进行分析。采用卡方检验和逻辑回归分析来确定影响继续接受艾滋病护理的卫生系统相关因素。对定性数据进行了主题内容分析。 参与者的平均年龄为 30 岁（SD=6.48）。研究结果以条形图和表格的形式呈现。研究结果以叙述的形式呈现，并与定性数据进行三角测量。研究结果本研究证实，与医疗系统相关的因素（等待时间、医护人员服务和抗逆转录病毒药物的可用性）会影响感染艾滋病毒的孕妇继续接受治疗。然而，只有抗逆转录病毒药物的可用性与继续接受护理有显著关系（P<0.001，OR=0.19）。多元逻辑回归用于预测分组变量的影响。总体而言，该模型可显著预测是否继续接受护理。研究发现，与医疗系统相关的因素会增加继续接受护理的可能性（OR=5.14），但对继续接受护理的预测作用不大（P<0.34）。对理论、实践和政策的独特贡献：应加强卫生系统相关因素，尤其是抗逆转录病毒药物库存、医护人员配备和及时获得服务等因素，以避免缺货，尽量缩短等待时间，并对错过门诊预约的患者进行随访，从而提高孕妇继续接受艾滋病护理的比例。倡导政策改革，以解决影响继续接受治疗的结构性障碍，包括增加对医疗保健基础设施的投资、劳动力能力建设以及将艾滋病服务纳入母婴健康计划。通过将政策措施与感染 HIV 的孕妇的独特需求相结合，政策制定者可以营造一个有利于继续接受护理的环境，最终促进国家和全球 HIV/AIDS 目标的实现。
{"title":"Health System-Related Factors that Influence Retention in Care among HIV Infected Pregnant Women in Narok County, Kenya","authors":"Jackline Gakii, Nelson Menza, Winfreda Maoga","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2559","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2559","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to establish the health system-related factors that influence retention in care among HIV infected pregnant women in Narok County, Kenya. \u0000Methodology: The study adopted a cross-sectional mixed method design. Purposive sampling method was used to sample the required sample size of 117 HIV infected pregnant women, the participants of the Focus Group Discussions (FGD) and Key Informant Interviews (KII). The study was carried out at Narok County Referral and all the sub-county hospitals in Narok County. A structured questionnaire was used to collect quantitative data. Focus group discussion and KII guides were used to collect qualitative data. Quantitative and qualitative data was analyzed using SPSS version 21 and Nvivo version 14 respectively. Chi square test and logistic regression analysis were used to determine the health system-related factors that influence retention in HIV care. Thematic content analysis was done for qualitative data. The mean age of participants was 30 years (SD=6.48). The study results generated were presented in bar graphs and tables for quantitative data. Results were presented as narrations and triangulated with qualitative data. \u0000Findings: This study established that health system-related factors (waiting time, health care workers services and ARV availability) influenced retention in care among HIV infected pregnant women. However, only ARV availability had a significant association with retention in care (P<0.001, OR=0.19). The multiple logistic regression was used to predict the influence of grouped variables. Overall, the model was a significant predictor of retention in care. Health system related factors was found to increase the likelihood of being retained in care (OR=5.14), though not significant predictors of retention in care (P<0.34). \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Health system-related factors particularly ARV drug stocks, healthcare workers staffing and timely access of services should be strengthened in order to avert stock outs, minimize waiting time and follow up patients who miss clinic appointments to increase retention among pregnant women in HIV care. Advocate for policy reforms aimed at addressing structural barriers to retention in care, including increased investment in healthcare infrastructure, workforce capacity building, and integration of HIV services within maternal and child health programs. By aligning policy initiatives with the unique needs of HIV-infected pregnant women, policymakers can foster an enabling environment for retention in care, ultimately contributing to the achievement of national and global HIV/AIDS targets.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"45 20","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140971518","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess influence of clinician-related factors on adherence to the American heart association guidelines for acute coronary syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving quantitative methods of data collection was adopted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The target population was 106 clinicians attending to patients who present with Acute Coronary Syndrome at the KPA clinics in Mombasa. A census method was used to determine the study participants. The sample size was made up of a hundred and six participants. The clinicians who consented to participate in the study were included while those who were on sick off, leave or who recently joined the clinic were excluded. Pretesting of the study tool was done at the Kenya Pipeline Clinic Mombasa. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented via tables. Findings: The study results showed that at 95% level of confidence (ρ-value = 0.05%), there was a significant association between gender (ᾳ=0.025), work experience (ᾳ=0.016), job cadre (ᾳ=0.014) and training received (ᾳ=0.022) on adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The association was insignificant between age (ᾳ=0.178), education level (ᾳ=0.439) and specialization (ᾳ=0.489) on adherence to the AHA guidelines. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the KPA management should increase the medical budget to ensure availability of adequate resources for ACS patient management. These resources include adequate staffing, medication, equipment, and staff training costs. The clinic management should ensure that medications such as aspirin, morphine and nitroglycerine are readily available and accessible at patients care points. The KPA clinic management to formulate a simple algorithm that outlines the steps to be taken when managing ACS patients. The study recommends that the clinics should assess their equipment reqularly for maintenance controls to ensure efficiency. The study further recommends random assessments and post care audits to assess the adherence to ACS guidelines among clinicians. Training associated with adherence to the AHA guidelines and as such, KPA should continue offering training and education on the latest AHA guidelines for ACS to ensure updated guidelines for practice.
{"title":"Influence of Clinician-Related Factors on Adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among Clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority Clinics in Mombasa, Kenya","authors":"Mary Mailu, Nilufa Shariff, Ruth Mbugua","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2549","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2549","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to assess influence of clinician-related factors on adherence to the American heart association guidelines for acute coronary syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. \u0000Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving quantitative methods of data collection was adopted. An interviewer administered questionnaire was used for data collection. The study was carried out in Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The target population was 106 clinicians attending to patients who present with Acute Coronary Syndrome at the KPA clinics in Mombasa. A census method was used to determine the study participants. The sample size was made up of a hundred and six participants. The clinicians who consented to participate in the study were included while those who were on sick off, leave or who recently joined the clinic were excluded. Pretesting of the study tool was done at the Kenya Pipeline Clinic Mombasa. Data analysis was done using Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 25 and presented via tables. \u0000Findings: The study results showed that at 95% level of confidence (ρ-value = 0.05%), there was a significant association between gender (ᾳ=0.025), work experience (ᾳ=0.016), job cadre (ᾳ=0.014) and training received (ᾳ=0.022) on adherence to the American Heart Association Guidelines for Acute Coronary Syndrome among clinicians at Kenya Ports Authority clinics in Mombasa, Kenya. The association was insignificant between age (ᾳ=0.178), education level (ᾳ=0.439) and specialization (ᾳ=0.489) on adherence to the AHA guidelines. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that the KPA management should increase the medical budget to ensure availability of adequate resources for ACS patient management. These resources include adequate staffing, medication, equipment, and staff training costs. The clinic management should ensure that medications such as aspirin, morphine and nitroglycerine are readily available and accessible at patients care points. The KPA clinic management to formulate a simple algorithm that outlines the steps to be taken when managing ACS patients. The study recommends that the clinics should assess their equipment reqularly for maintenance controls to ensure efficiency. The study further recommends random assessments and post care audits to assess the adherence to ACS guidelines among clinicians. Training associated with adherence to the AHA guidelines and as such, KPA should continue offering training and education on the latest AHA guidelines for ACS to ensure updated guidelines for practice.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":" 11","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140999848","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine social demographic factors influencing the prevalence of high tungiasis infestation among Kilifi Residents, Kenya Methodology: Cross sectional study design was used to carry out the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data on the social demographic factors associated with high tungiasis infestation from 184 participants with tungiasis. Data was analyzed using R. Statistical software versions (R v3.4.4). Data was presented in frequency tables. Findings: From the findings; living in mud walled house (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.14; p < 0.05), schooling in earthen and dusty floor classrooms for school going children (OR 35.00; CI: 9.15,113.8; p < 0.05), living with domestic animals under one roof (OR 3.43; 95% CI: 1.03 ,12.81; p < 0.05) and jiggers mechanical extraction using thorns (OR 7.13, 95% CI: 1.76, 36.43; p > 0.05) were the most important independent risk factors for higher jigger infestation Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that enhanced efforts to further understand the infection and other routes of potential elimination would greatly consolidate government efforts for universal basic education in the country in line with the SDGs.
{"title":"Social Demographic Factors Influencing the Prevalence of High Tungiasis Infestation among Kilifi Residents, Kenya","authors":"Jacob Wangari, Simon Muriu, Ezekiel Mecha","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2548","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2548","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The aim of the study was to determine social demographic factors influencing the prevalence of high tungiasis infestation among Kilifi Residents, Kenya \u0000Methodology: Cross sectional study design was used to carry out the study. Semi-structured questionnaires were used to collect quantitative data on the social demographic factors associated with high tungiasis infestation from 184 participants with tungiasis. Data was analyzed using R. Statistical software versions (R v3.4.4). Data was presented in frequency tables. \u0000Findings: From the findings; living in mud walled house (OR 2.14; 95% CI: 1.3, 7.14; p < 0.05), schooling in earthen and dusty floor classrooms for school going children (OR 35.00; CI: 9.15,113.8; p < 0.05), living with domestic animals under one roof (OR 3.43; 95% CI: 1.03 ,12.81; p < 0.05) and jiggers mechanical extraction using thorns (OR 7.13, 95% CI: 1.76, 36.43; p > 0.05) were the most important independent risk factors for higher jigger infestation \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that enhanced efforts to further understand the infection and other routes of potential elimination would greatly consolidate government efforts for universal basic education in the country in line with the SDGs. ","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"52 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-05-07","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141003107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: This review aimed to explore “Just Culture”, patient safety, and the relationship between them from nurses’ perceptions working in healthcare settings. Also, to highlight recommendations for nurse managers regarding the explored concepts and provide evidence-based resource guiding future researches and nursing practice. Methodology: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Clinical Key for Nursing were the databases selected for this review, accessed directly or through available online libraries. Findings: A total of 21 studies met the screening criteria and were included. Studies recruited multiple levels of nursing positions, conducted in different countries and healthcare settings. Two themes were developed accordingly: Nurses’ perceptions toward “Just Culture” and Nurses’ perceptions toward patient safety. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The relationship between “Just Culture” and patient safety from nurses’ perceptions is found to be correlated with high or low nursing performance. Healthy work environments that foster “Just Culture” achieve desirable safety outcomes. The major role of organizational and nursing management is creating positive workplace cultures that maintain patient safety. Additionally, it is crucial to establish policies that demonstrate fair responses to incidents, adopt rational investigations based on balanced accountability, and avoid unjustified blame for nurses. “Just Culture” should not be promoted as a blame-free approach but as a balanced accountability. Hence, these managerial endeavors should encourage the voluntary reporting of incidents by nurses for learning and improvement purposes while nurses remain accepting their responsibility at the level they contributed to that incident.
{"title":"Nurses’ Perception toward the Relationship between Just Culture and Patient Safety Activities: A Literature Review","authors":"H. Alashram, G. Hamouda, Mai Yaseen","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2499","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2499","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: This review aimed to explore “Just Culture”, patient safety, and the relationship between them from nurses’ perceptions working in healthcare settings. Also, to highlight recommendations for nurse managers regarding the explored concepts and provide evidence-based resource guiding future researches and nursing practice. \u0000Methodology: EBSCOhost, PubMed, and Clinical Key for Nursing were the databases selected for this review, accessed directly or through available online libraries. \u0000Findings: A total of 21 studies met the screening criteria and were included. Studies recruited multiple levels of nursing positions, conducted in different countries and healthcare settings. Two themes were developed accordingly: Nurses’ perceptions toward “Just Culture” and Nurses’ perceptions toward patient safety. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The relationship between “Just Culture” and patient safety from nurses’ perceptions is found to be correlated with high or low nursing performance. Healthy work environments that foster “Just Culture” achieve desirable safety outcomes. The major role of organizational and nursing management is creating positive workplace cultures that maintain patient safety. Additionally, it is crucial to establish policies that demonstrate fair responses to incidents, adopt rational investigations based on balanced accountability, and avoid unjustified blame for nurses. “Just Culture” should not be promoted as a blame-free approach but as a balanced accountability. Hence, these managerial endeavors should encourage the voluntary reporting of incidents by nurses for learning and improvement purposes while nurses remain accepting their responsibility at the level they contributed to that incident.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"48 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140694837","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Purpose: Like other developing countries, Uganda grapples with the critical challenge of equipping nursing students with essential clinical competencies. These competencies encompass vital nursing skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors crucial for effective nursing practice. This study assessed student perceptions and confidence in applying acquired clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students in Ugandan universities. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to assess bachelor's in nursing students from central and western Ugandan universities. Data were entered into Excel and exported to SPSS version 22. Results were presented using frequencies, pie charts, percentages, and tables. Chi-square tests were conducted to assess associations of the variables in the study. Findings: The study showed that acquisition of clinical competencies is positively correlated with students’ perceptions (r=0.775) (p=0.000), Institutional factors(r=0.668) (p=0.000), clinical learning environment (r=0.556) (p=0.000), clinical feedback (r=0.439) (p=0.000). The study further shows that 69.9% (n=70) had adequate clinical learning experience, while 31% (n=31) had inadequate clinical learning experience. This implies moderate student supervision, feedback, and an unfavorable clinical learning environment. Competency acquisition in student nurses is positively influenced by the active involvement of students' perceptions, institutional factors, and a supportive clinical learning environment. A sufficient amount of clinical experience is pivotal in developing competent student nurses. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Management should always invite experienced professionals to share career experiences to enhance realistic perceptions among nursing students. Students should be given more time to practice in clinical settings, and management should advocate for including student attitude tests in orientation programs across nursing and clinical training universities.
{"title":"Assessment of Factors Associated With the Acquisition of Competencies among Undergraduate Nursing Students in Ugandan Universities","authors":"Joan Kempango, Evas Atuhaire","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2448","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2448","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Like other developing countries, Uganda grapples with the critical challenge of equipping nursing students with essential clinical competencies. These competencies encompass vital nursing skills, knowledge, attitudes, and behaviors crucial for effective nursing practice. This study assessed student perceptions and confidence in applying acquired clinical skills among undergraduate nursing students in Ugandan universities. \u0000Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was used to assess bachelor's in nursing students from central and western Ugandan universities. Data were entered into Excel and exported to SPSS version 22. Results were presented using frequencies, pie charts, percentages, and tables. Chi-square tests were conducted to assess associations of the variables in the study. \u0000Findings: The study showed that acquisition of clinical competencies is positively correlated with students’ perceptions (r=0.775) (p=0.000), Institutional factors(r=0.668) (p=0.000), clinical learning environment (r=0.556) (p=0.000), clinical feedback (r=0.439) (p=0.000). The study further shows that 69.9% (n=70) had adequate clinical learning experience, while 31% (n=31) had inadequate clinical learning experience. This implies moderate student supervision, feedback, and an unfavorable clinical learning environment. Competency acquisition in student nurses is positively influenced by the active involvement of students' perceptions, institutional factors, and a supportive clinical learning environment. A sufficient amount of clinical experience is pivotal in developing competent student nurses. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Management should always invite experienced professionals to share career experiences to enhance realistic perceptions among nursing students. Students should be given more time to practice in clinical settings, and management should advocate for including student attitude tests in orientation programs across nursing and clinical training universities.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"71 2","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140751790","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Kirimi Mwiti, D. Magu, Opondo Everisto, J. Mutai, Angeline Chepchirchir
Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the adherence and challenges to scheduled medical appointment on HIV care services among HIV positive children aged 18 months to nine years undergoing treatment at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya at six months interval Methodology: The study design was prospective cohort study design consisting of 221 caregivers and their HIV infected children. Consecutive sampling method was used, in which potential participants were sought out on a daily basis until we had contacted all the eligible individuals and enroled them.This research was undertaken from March, 2017 to November, 2018. The study participants each was followed for period of one year. Pretested questionnaire was used for collecting data together with review of standardized clinical notes on challenges and adherence to scheduled medical appointments. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The descriptive statistics were done and data was presented in frequency tables. Ethical approval no P688/09/2016) was obtained. Findings: It was observed that adherence to scheduled medical appointment among children infected with HIV ranged from 77% to 81.9% at 6 and 12 months respectively. This study found an average of 20% of children infected with HIV are at high risk of adverse outcomes related to non-adherence to planned medical appointments. The observed difference on adherence was associated with financial constrain, perceived stigma and discrimination, long distance and long waiting period in the medical HIV clinic. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Targeted intervention aimed at addressing measures to reduce children missing attendance of scheduled medical appointment is vital. The health care providers may address measures to reduce children missing attendance of scheduled medical appointment by reducing waiting time in the clinic and reducing the number of scheduled medical appointments. This study adds to the pool of knowledge that stigma and discrimination, long waiting time in the clinic and the number of scheduled medical appointments has influence on adherence to appointments. The attendance of scheduled medical appointment should be enhanced in the policies by Ministry of health and HIV health care providers focusing on reducing waiting time, mitigating stigma and discrimination.
{"title":"Medical Appointment Adherence and Challenges Encountered by HIV Infected Children at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya","authors":"Kirimi Mwiti, D. Magu, Opondo Everisto, J. Mutai, Angeline Chepchirchir","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2447","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2447","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: The goal of this study was to determine the adherence and challenges to scheduled medical appointment on HIV care services among HIV positive children aged 18 months to nine years undergoing treatment at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya at six months interval \u0000Methodology: The study design was prospective cohort study design consisting of 221 caregivers and their HIV infected children. Consecutive sampling method was used, in which potential participants were sought out on a daily basis until we had contacted all the eligible individuals and enroled them.This research was undertaken from March, 2017 to November, 2018. The study participants each was followed for period of one year. Pretested questionnaire was used for collecting data together with review of standardized clinical notes on challenges and adherence to scheduled medical appointments. Data was analyzed using statistical package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) Version 20. The descriptive statistics were done and data was presented in frequency tables. Ethical approval no P688/09/2016) was obtained. \u0000Findings: It was observed that adherence to scheduled medical appointment among children infected with HIV ranged from 77% to 81.9% at 6 and 12 months respectively. This study found an average of 20% of children infected with HIV are at high risk of adverse outcomes related to non-adherence to planned medical appointments. The observed difference on adherence was associated with financial constrain, perceived stigma and discrimination, long distance and long waiting period in the medical HIV clinic. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: Targeted intervention aimed at addressing measures to reduce children missing attendance of scheduled medical appointment is vital. The health care providers may address measures to reduce children missing attendance of scheduled medical appointment by reducing waiting time in the clinic and reducing the number of scheduled medical appointments. This study adds to the pool of knowledge that stigma and discrimination, long waiting time in the clinic and the number of scheduled medical appointments has influence on adherence to appointments. The attendance of scheduled medical appointment should be enhanced in the policies by Ministry of health and HIV health care providers focusing on reducing waiting time, mitigating stigma and discrimination.","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"159 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140752068","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Peter Kinyua, Michael Gicheru, Judy Mugo, N. Gitahi
Purpose: Food borne illnesses are major health burden leading to high morbidity and mortality. It is a growing public health concerns worldwide resulting from food and water contaminated by pathogenic microorganism, toxins or chemical hazards. It is estimated that 10 to 20% of food borne illness are contracted from food establishments. The main aim was to determine bacteriological contamination levels of foods and water sold with Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms and Vibrio cholerae in food establishments in Embakasi South Nairobi City County Kenya. Methodology: The study design was descriptive analytical design. The Samples were collected in selected food establishments (Cafeteria, Hotels, Restaurants and food Kiosks) in Embakasi South Sub county Nairobi City County. The study collected 274 samples of food and water randomly sampled and collected using sterile food bags and water bottles within selected establishments and transported to the laboratory in cool boxes packed with ice packs. The samples were analyzed within 6 hours after collection. Microbiological analysis of food and water were borrowed from WHO and bacteriological analytical manual of foods to identify and isolate coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. Results: It was found that some foods and water sold and consumed in the selected food establishments was contaminated with food borne microorganisms. Escherichia coli isolated in 137 food samples were at 24.1%, Vibrio cholera at 23.4%, Staphylococcus aureus at 32.8%, and Salmonella spp at 4.4%. Total coliforms detected in 137 samples of water were at 43.8% where 32.8% of them were Escherichia coli. Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded there was high level of bacterial contamination of foods and water consumed in selected foods establishments. Nairobi City County health officers should enhance regular sampling of foods and water for microbial quality, health education on sources of food contamination at food eateries and establishments to prevent food and water contamination which later lead to food borne illness outbreak.
{"title":"Bacteriological Contamination Level of Foods and Water Sold With Escherichia Coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus Aureus, Coliforms and Vibrio Cholera in Food Establishments in Nairobi City Kenya","authors":"Peter Kinyua, Michael Gicheru, Judy Mugo, N. Gitahi","doi":"10.47604/jhmn.2285","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.47604/jhmn.2285","url":null,"abstract":"Purpose: Food borne illnesses are major health burden leading to high morbidity and mortality. It is a growing public health concerns worldwide resulting from food and water contaminated by pathogenic microorganism, toxins or chemical hazards. It is estimated that 10 to 20% of food borne illness are contracted from food establishments. The main aim was to determine bacteriological contamination levels of foods and water sold with Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp, Staphylococcus aureus, coliforms and Vibrio cholerae in food establishments in Embakasi South Nairobi City County Kenya. \u0000Methodology: The study design was descriptive analytical design. The Samples were collected in selected food establishments (Cafeteria, Hotels, Restaurants and food Kiosks) in Embakasi South Sub county Nairobi City County. The study collected 274 samples of food and water randomly sampled and collected using sterile food bags and water bottles within selected establishments and transported to the laboratory in cool boxes packed with ice packs. The samples were analyzed within 6 hours after collection. Microbiological analysis of food and water were borrowed from WHO and bacteriological analytical manual of foods to identify and isolate coliforms, Staphylococcus aureus, Vibrio cholera, Escherichia coli and Salmonella spp. \u0000Results: It was found that some foods and water sold and consumed in the selected food establishments was contaminated with food borne microorganisms. Escherichia coli isolated in 137 food samples were at 24.1%, Vibrio cholera at 23.4%, Staphylococcus aureus at 32.8%, and Salmonella spp at 4.4%. Total coliforms detected in 137 samples of water were at 43.8% where 32.8% of them were Escherichia coli. \u0000Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study concluded there was high level of bacterial contamination of foods and water consumed in selected foods establishments. Nairobi City County health officers should enhance regular sampling of foods and water for microbial quality, health education on sources of food contamination at food eateries and establishments to prevent food and water contamination which later lead to food borne illness outbreak. \u0000 ","PeriodicalId":16078,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Health, Medicine and Nursing","volume":"17 17","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-01-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139597448","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
京公网安备 11010802042870号
京ICP备2023020795号-1
扫码关注我们
求助内容：
应助结果提醒方式：