The design of impact protective gear is crucial to human safety against high-velocity impacts from explosions. The rigid and flexible foam sandwich composites with ACF foam as the core and fiber-reinforced composite panels or high-performance fabrics as front/back panel materials were selected in this study. Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was conducted to assess the dynamic response, energy absorption, and dissipation rates of two types of composites in high-velocity impact. The effects of the number of structural layers, front/back panel thickness gradient, and panel material type on the protective performance were examined. The results demonstrated that the three-layer structure presented better protection and increased the energy absorption rate by 5% compared to the five-layer configuration in rigid and flexible composites. Thickness gradient and material type of panels had minimal impact on the protective performance of rigid composites compared to structural layers. Adding Kevlar layers to flexible composites improved protection, with 95.89% energy absorption and 31.82% energy dissipation at a core thickness of 8 mm. These insights guide the development of advanced impact protection materials to elevate personnel safety against high-velocity impacts.
{"title":"Experimental study on protective performance of ACF sandwich composites with different configurations in high-velocity impact","authors":"Xu-Hua Yu, Wen-Wu Liu, Guo-Yang Huang, Yi-Qun Fang, Jia-Jun Xu","doi":"10.1177/15280837241284912","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241284912","url":null,"abstract":"The design of impact protective gear is crucial to human safety against high-velocity impacts from explosions. The rigid and flexible foam sandwich composites with ACF foam as the core and fiber-reinforced composite panels or high-performance fabrics as front/back panel materials were selected in this study. Hopkinson pressure bar experiment was conducted to assess the dynamic response, energy absorption, and dissipation rates of two types of composites in high-velocity impact. The effects of the number of structural layers, front/back panel thickness gradient, and panel material type on the protective performance were examined. The results demonstrated that the three-layer structure presented better protection and increased the energy absorption rate by 5% compared to the five-layer configuration in rigid and flexible composites. Thickness gradient and material type of panels had minimal impact on the protective performance of rigid composites compared to structural layers. Adding Kevlar layers to flexible composites improved protection, with 95.89% energy absorption and 31.82% energy dissipation at a core thickness of 8 mm. These insights guide the development of advanced impact protection materials to elevate personnel safety against high-velocity impacts.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"195 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258595","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1177/15280837241279472
Bin Yang, Yueyang Yu, Yonghui Yang, Qilin Zhang
Coated fabrics can experience mechanical performance degradation due to environmental factors and long-term stress during service. Hence, studying the mechanical behaviors of these materials after aging is crucial. While PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)-coated fabrics are more commonly used than PVC (polyvinyl chloride)-coated fabrics, limited research exists on their performance after aging in practical engineering applications. PTFE-coated fabrics are primarily used in large-span fabric structures, where their mechanical performance under tensile-shear stress is crucial. This study aims to investigate the mechanical behaviors of PTFE-coated fabrics after practical aging under tension-shear stress. Test materials included decommissioned Saint-Gobain Sheerfill-II PTFE-coated fabrics, which had served for 23 years at Shanghai Stadium, and identical new fabrics. Monotonic tensile, central tearing, and cyclic tensile tests were conducted at seven different off-axis angles to compare the mechanical properties of aged fabrics with new fabrics, including tensile strength, tearing strength, modulus of elasticity, and ratcheting strain. Additionally, this study explored changes in failure mechanisms, tearing mechanisms, applicability of strength criteria, and suitability of the orthotropic model after aging. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behaviors of aged PTFE-coated fabrics and valuable insights for engineering design.
{"title":"Comprehensive study of the off-axis mechanical behaviors of a Polytetrafluoroethylene‐ coated fabric after 23 Years of service at Shanghai stadium","authors":"Bin Yang, Yueyang Yu, Yonghui Yang, Qilin Zhang","doi":"10.1177/15280837241279472","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241279472","url":null,"abstract":"Coated fabrics can experience mechanical performance degradation due to environmental factors and long-term stress during service. Hence, studying the mechanical behaviors of these materials after aging is crucial. While PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene)-coated fabrics are more commonly used than PVC (polyvinyl chloride)-coated fabrics, limited research exists on their performance after aging in practical engineering applications. PTFE-coated fabrics are primarily used in large-span fabric structures, where their mechanical performance under tensile-shear stress is crucial. This study aims to investigate the mechanical behaviors of PTFE-coated fabrics after practical aging under tension-shear stress. Test materials included decommissioned Saint-Gobain Sheerfill-II PTFE-coated fabrics, which had served for 23 years at Shanghai Stadium, and identical new fabrics. Monotonic tensile, central tearing, and cyclic tensile tests were conducted at seven different off-axis angles to compare the mechanical properties of aged fabrics with new fabrics, including tensile strength, tearing strength, modulus of elasticity, and ratcheting strain. Additionally, this study explored changes in failure mechanisms, tearing mechanisms, applicability of strength criteria, and suitability of the orthotropic model after aging. This provides a comprehensive understanding of the mechanical behaviors of aged PTFE-coated fabrics and valuable insights for engineering design.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"42 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258596","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-14DOI: 10.1177/15280837241284628
Ahmed Habib, Umar Draz, Adeel Abbas, Khubab Shaker, Yasir Nawab, Abdel-Fattah M Seyam, Muhammad Umair
The aesthetics and functionality of honeycomb woven assemblies qualifies them for a range of applications expanding across home textiles, fashion, functional apparels, and technical products. Researchers have explored honeycomb assemblies with the focus on shrinkage, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat protection properties analysis via variation in their cell sizes. However, very minimal research is found on analysis of honeycomb woven fabric assemblies’ thermal comfort characteristics by employing different weft insertion sequence and materials (cotton and stretchable yarns). This study reflects the thermal conductivity, dry fluid transmission (air permeability), wet fluid transmission (moisture management), and stiffness attributes of twelve stretchable honeycomb woven assemblies consisting of single ridge, double ridge, and brighton honeycomb weave structures along with different weft sequences of cotton and Type 400 (T-400) stretch yarns. Characterization data showed that single ridge honeycomb structure supports the highest dry fluid transmission property; however, brighton honeycomb offers the highest heat retention property. Double ridge honeycomb highlights the capability of the highest wet fluid transmission property, and brighton honeycomb has immense stiffness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) also showed that honeycomb structures, weft yarn sequence and material have a statistically significant impact on thermal conductivity and fluid transmission behaviors with p-values less than 0.05.
{"title":"Influence of honeycomb structures on fluids transmission and heat retention properties; An initiative towards stretchable weaves","authors":"Ahmed Habib, Umar Draz, Adeel Abbas, Khubab Shaker, Yasir Nawab, Abdel-Fattah M Seyam, Muhammad Umair","doi":"10.1177/15280837241284628","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241284628","url":null,"abstract":"The aesthetics and functionality of honeycomb woven assemblies qualifies them for a range of applications expanding across home textiles, fashion, functional apparels, and technical products. Researchers have explored honeycomb assemblies with the focus on shrinkage, sound absorption, thermal conductivity, and heat protection properties analysis via variation in their cell sizes. However, very minimal research is found on analysis of honeycomb woven fabric assemblies’ thermal comfort characteristics by employing different weft insertion sequence and materials (cotton and stretchable yarns). This study reflects the thermal conductivity, dry fluid transmission (air permeability), wet fluid transmission (moisture management), and stiffness attributes of twelve stretchable honeycomb woven assemblies consisting of single ridge, double ridge, and brighton honeycomb weave structures along with different weft sequences of cotton and Type 400 (T-400) stretch yarns. Characterization data showed that single ridge honeycomb structure supports the highest dry fluid transmission property; however, brighton honeycomb offers the highest heat retention property. Double ridge honeycomb highlights the capability of the highest wet fluid transmission property, and brighton honeycomb has immense stiffness. Statistical analysis (ANOVA) also showed that honeycomb structures, weft yarn sequence and material have a statistically significant impact on thermal conductivity and fluid transmission behaviors with p-values less than 0.05.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"54 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142258307","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Gas sensors based on ZnO nanocomposites have been widely investigated for the detection of various gases. However, few studies have reported electrospun ZnO for NOx gases, especially NO (nitrogen monoxide), due to its high tendency for oxidation upon contact with air. The development of gas sensors that operate at temperatures below 300°C is challenging for metal oxide gas sensors, as decreasing the temperature can lead to lack of sensitivity and very long recovery times. In this study, the operating temperature was improved to 200°C while achieving a high response to a low concentration of 0.5 ppm gas, with recovery times of 572s and 105s for NO and NO2 (nitrogen dioxide), respectively. Detecting NO and NO2 at low ppm and ppb levels is a major demand and challenge for the development of metal oxide-based gas sensors, especially for health monitoring portable sensors. This study focuses on the design and performance of a NOx gas sensor based on ZnO nanofibrous material with precise structural optimization. The study optimizes the precursor for electrospinning without using any additives. The sensing materials proportion were optimized by changing the ratio of ZnAc:PVA in the precursor of electrospinning solution. Choosing ZnAc:PVA = 1.5 as the optimum precursor for synthesizing ZnO nanofibers resulted in the highest response of 27 and 16 (Ohm/Ohm) for 0.5 ppm NO and NO2, respectively, at 200°C and relative humidity of 50%. Additionally, reproducible sensors were developed, which is crucial for mass production. This remarkable sensitivity in low concentration indicates that the design of material structure and the control of zinc acetate amount in the electrospun solution has great practical applications to detect both gases.
{"title":"Transformation of zinc acetate into ZnO nanofibers for enhanced NOx gas sensing: Cost-effective strategies and additive-free optimization","authors":"Niloufar Khomarloo, Roohollah Bagherzadeh, Hayriye Gidik, Elham Mohsenzadeh, Masoud Latifi, Marc Debliquy, Ahmadou Ly, Driss Lahem","doi":"10.1177/15280837241281519","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241281519","url":null,"abstract":"Gas sensors based on ZnO nanocomposites have been widely investigated for the detection of various gases. However, few studies have reported electrospun ZnO for NOx gases, especially NO (nitrogen monoxide), due to its high tendency for oxidation upon contact with air. The development of gas sensors that operate at temperatures below 300°C is challenging for metal oxide gas sensors, as decreasing the temperature can lead to lack of sensitivity and very long recovery times. In this study, the operating temperature was improved to 200°C while achieving a high response to a low concentration of 0.5 ppm gas, with recovery times of 572s and 105s for NO and NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> (nitrogen dioxide), respectively. Detecting NO and NO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> at low ppm and ppb levels is a major demand and challenge for the development of metal oxide-based gas sensors, especially for health monitoring portable sensors. This study focuses on the design and performance of a NOx gas sensor based on ZnO nanofibrous material with precise structural optimization. The study optimizes the precursor for electrospinning without using any additives. The sensing materials proportion were optimized by changing the ratio of ZnAc:PVA in the precursor of electrospinning solution. Choosing ZnAc:PVA = 1.5 as the optimum precursor for synthesizing ZnO nanofibers resulted in the highest response of 27 and 16 (Ohm/Ohm) for 0.5 ppm NO and NO<jats:sub>2,</jats:sub> respectively, at 200°C and relative humidity of 50%. Additionally, reproducible sensors were developed, which is crucial for mass production. This remarkable sensitivity in low concentration indicates that the design of material structure and the control of zinc acetate amount in the electrospun solution has great practical applications to detect both gases.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182265","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-10DOI: 10.1177/15280837241271786
Dan Wang, Mohanapriya Venkataraman, Shi Hu, Dana Kremenakova, Jiri Militky, Divan Coetzee, Daniel Karthik
There is still a lot of research space and market demand for lightweight, heat-insulating, and EMI-shielding construction materials. This paper develops and compares the thermal insulation, ohmic heating effect, and EMI shielding properties of a kind of multifunctional sandwich material with “ROTIS” and “FLAT” structures. The ROTIS-structured sample exhibits slightly higher thermal conductivity than the FLAT-structured sample, owing to its lower volume porosity and higher plated copper content per unit area. Since ROTIS technology allows for a significant increase in the thickness of thinner raw materials, this structure allows for an increase in the thermal insulation of thinner materials. Also, samples with ROTIS structures have a better ohmic heating effect than samples with FLAT structures. This is because the active layer has more plated copper content per unit area, while the insulation layer has less thermal resistance. Unsatisfactorily, the samples with the ROTIS structure show lower electromagnetic shielding effectiveness at 1-1.5 GHz, which is mainly due to their reduced volume porosity. In conclusion, this research develops sandwich materials with the ROTIS structure that exhibit excellent thermal insulation, electromagnetic shielding, and ohmic heating properties, making them suitable for use as building materials in demanding indoor temperatures and electromagnetic environments.
{"title":"Multifunctional sandwich materials with ROTIS structure for improved thermal and electrical properties in construction application","authors":"Dan Wang, Mohanapriya Venkataraman, Shi Hu, Dana Kremenakova, Jiri Militky, Divan Coetzee, Daniel Karthik","doi":"10.1177/15280837241271786","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241271786","url":null,"abstract":"There is still a lot of research space and market demand for lightweight, heat-insulating, and EMI-shielding construction materials. This paper develops and compares the thermal insulation, ohmic heating effect, and EMI shielding properties of a kind of multifunctional sandwich material with “ROTIS” and “FLAT” structures. The ROTIS-structured sample exhibits slightly higher thermal conductivity than the FLAT-structured sample, owing to its lower volume porosity and higher plated copper content per unit area. Since ROTIS technology allows for a significant increase in the thickness of thinner raw materials, this structure allows for an increase in the thermal insulation of thinner materials. Also, samples with ROTIS structures have a better ohmic heating effect than samples with FLAT structures. This is because the active layer has more plated copper content per unit area, while the insulation layer has less thermal resistance. Unsatisfactorily, the samples with the ROTIS structure show lower electromagnetic shielding effectiveness at 1-1.5 GHz, which is mainly due to their reduced volume porosity. In conclusion, this research develops sandwich materials with the ROTIS structure that exhibit excellent thermal insulation, electromagnetic shielding, and ohmic heating properties, making them suitable for use as building materials in demanding indoor temperatures and electromagnetic environments.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"120 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182266","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Antipathogenic fabrics coated with different types of metallic nanoparticles were developed for the use in healthcare sector. The citrus plant waste was collected and processed to extract the bioactive molecules for the green synthesis of metal particles. Here, the citrus extract was used for a dual purpose, as a bio reductant and also as a bio dispersant (D-limonene). Subsequently, the green synthesis of a highly concentrated and stable colloidal dispersion of Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO-NPs) was carried out using the self-assembled respective salts and green extracted reducing agents without using any other hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, the effect of the loaded D-limonene as a dispersant was justified by PDI, Zeta potential, particle size analysis and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The synthesized particles were assessed for their morphology and geometric characteristics by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealing the formation of particles with spherical and oval shapes. The justification for the formation of particles was also analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In the next step, the synthesized Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs and ZnO-NPs were applied to cotton fabric and their antipathogenic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) before and after severe washing were characterized. It was observed that the nanoparticles applied fabric at higher concentration (5g) exhibit even covering of fiber surface, average particles sizes between 350 and 470 nm, with excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (3.4 ± 0.35 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.5 ± 0.19 mm). The untreated fabric had a log CFU/ml value of 5.43, indicating no antibacterial effectiveness of the control sample. However, the log values of all the treated samples were significantly lower. Moreover, the intensity of concentration of zinc silver and copper particles explains the 88.48 %, 85.01 % and 94.23% antifungal activity respectively. While antiviral activity (84% reduction) was also highest against copper nanoparticles coated fabric. The level of significance against antipathogenic activities among all particles coated samples was analysed by applying the statistical analysis of simple linear regression with paired t test. In addition the comfort parameters (air and water vapor permeability) for developed medicated textiles were also analyzed.
{"title":"Green synthesis of antipathogenic particles by utilizing the citrus plant waste and their application in medicated fabrics","authors":"Shaukat Ali, Akhtar Rasul, Pervaiz Akhtar Shah, Mahmood BA Al-Rawi, Misbah Naseem","doi":"10.1177/15280837241275203","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241275203","url":null,"abstract":"Antipathogenic fabrics coated with different types of metallic nanoparticles were developed for the use in healthcare sector. The citrus plant waste was collected and processed to extract the bioactive molecules for the green synthesis of metal particles. Here, the citrus extract was used for a dual purpose, as a bio reductant and also as a bio dispersant (D-limonene). Subsequently, the green synthesis of a highly concentrated and stable colloidal dispersion of Silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs), Copper nanoparticles (Cu-NPs) and Zinc Oxide (ZnO-NPs) was carried out using the self-assembled respective salts and green extracted reducing agents without using any other hazardous chemicals. Furthermore, the effect of the loaded D-limonene as a dispersant was justified by PDI, Zeta potential, particle size analysis and Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS). The synthesized particles were assessed for their morphology and geometric characteristics by Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), revealing the formation of particles with spherical and oval shapes. The justification for the formation of particles was also analyzed by using Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. In the next step, the synthesized Ag-NPs, Cu-NPs and ZnO-NPs were applied to cotton fabric and their antipathogenic properties (antibacterial, antiviral, and antifungal) before and after severe washing were characterized. It was observed that the nanoparticles applied fabric at higher concentration (5g) exhibit even covering of fiber surface, average particles sizes between 350 and 470 nm, with excellent antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli (3.4 ± 0.35 mm) and Staphylococcus aureus (5.5 ± 0.19 mm). The untreated fabric had a log CFU/ml value of 5.43, indicating no antibacterial effectiveness of the control sample. However, the log values of all the treated samples were significantly lower. Moreover, the intensity of concentration of zinc silver and copper particles explains the 88.48 %, 85.01 % and 94.23% antifungal activity respectively. While antiviral activity (84% reduction) was also highest against copper nanoparticles coated fabric. The level of significance against antipathogenic activities among all particles coated samples was analysed by applying the statistical analysis of simple linear regression with paired t test. In addition the comfort parameters (air and water vapor permeability) for developed medicated textiles were also analyzed.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"18 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182269","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-09-03DOI: 10.1177/15280837241282110
Ashok Sapkota, Shree Kaji Ghimire, Sabit Adanur
Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an extrusion type additive manufacturing (AM) method in which a molten polymer is selectively extruded in layer-by-layer manner. Although there are several other AM techniques, FDM is a suitable method to produce fabric structures as it is capable of processing polymers and is widely used in various engineering applications. This article summarizes the current research works in characterization of FDM parts, advancements in materials used in FDM and latest works related to making fabric samples using FDM. The results show that the mechanical properties and surface quality are compromised in FDM parts. Strength and flexibility with better surface finishing are essential parameters in fabric structures. There are mainly two techniques that are explored by researchers to enhance the quality of the parts. The first is optimizing process parameters and the second is improving material quality. FDM process parameters like extrusion temperature, layer height, print speed and built orientation can significantly influence the quality of the parts. Optimizing these parameters can significantly enhance the strength of the fabric produced. Moreover, a great amount of impetus is given to improve material by reinforcing it and making polymer blends with specific qualities. There has been studies related to the development of fabric structures and deposition of polymers on fabrics with FDM. It is concluded that the major concern with such structures is strength and processability. To address these issues, optimizing process parameters and developing new filaments for exclusively making fabrics can be the future work in this area.
{"title":"A review on fused deposition modeling (FDM)-based additive manufacturing (AM) methods, materials and applications for flexible fabric structures","authors":"Ashok Sapkota, Shree Kaji Ghimire, Sabit Adanur","doi":"10.1177/15280837241282110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241282110","url":null,"abstract":"Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) is an extrusion type additive manufacturing (AM) method in which a molten polymer is selectively extruded in layer-by-layer manner. Although there are several other AM techniques, FDM is a suitable method to produce fabric structures as it is capable of processing polymers and is widely used in various engineering applications. This article summarizes the current research works in characterization of FDM parts, advancements in materials used in FDM and latest works related to making fabric samples using FDM. The results show that the mechanical properties and surface quality are compromised in FDM parts. Strength and flexibility with better surface finishing are essential parameters in fabric structures. There are mainly two techniques that are explored by researchers to enhance the quality of the parts. The first is optimizing process parameters and the second is improving material quality. FDM process parameters like extrusion temperature, layer height, print speed and built orientation can significantly influence the quality of the parts. Optimizing these parameters can significantly enhance the strength of the fabric produced. Moreover, a great amount of impetus is given to improve material by reinforcing it and making polymer blends with specific qualities. There has been studies related to the development of fabric structures and deposition of polymers on fabrics with FDM. It is concluded that the major concern with such structures is strength and processability. To address these issues, optimizing process parameters and developing new filaments for exclusively making fabrics can be the future work in this area.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"32 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-09-03","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182267","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-30DOI: 10.1177/15280837241280678
Magdi El Messiry, Eman Eltahan, Shereen Fathy
This study explores the stiffness enhancement in textile composites using four different fiber types: carbon, Kevlar, Vectran, and high-tenacity polyester (HTP). Pretension levels of 0.2, 2, 5, and 10 N were applied. A setup was developed to measure fiber stiffness. Results indicate that carbon fiber consistently demonstrates the highest stiffness across all pretenstionlevels, attributable to its high tensile strength and modulus. Kevlar fiber, although initially less stiff than carbon, exhibits the most substantial increase in stiffness, particularly between 5 and 10 N of pretension, reaching a peak stiffness of 33.8 at 10 N. Vectran fiber shows a gradual increase in stiffness, surpassing HTP but slightly lagging behind carbon and Kevlar. The rates of yarn-specific bending stiffness increase were measured as 0.168 for HTP, 0.054 for carbon fiber, 0.173 for Kevlar fiber, and 0.191 for Vectran fiber. The study highlights the importance of understanding how yarn pretension affects the bending stiffness of yarn-polymer composites, which is crucial for advancements in textile engineering. It was found that variations in the bending stiffness of HTP and carbon fibers significantly impacted the composite bending stiffness more than Vectran and Kevlar fibers under pretension during composite formation. High-stiffness yarns were less influenced by increasing pretension during composite fabrication. The study suggests utilizing yarn pretension to control the stiffness of textile/polymer composites and proposes individually tensioning and pultruding fibers or yarns in the polymer matrix before composite formation. A specialized setup for achieving this during the protrusion process is recommended.
{"title":"Influence of pre-tensioning high-performance yarns on the bending stiffness of textile composites","authors":"Magdi El Messiry, Eman Eltahan, Shereen Fathy","doi":"10.1177/15280837241280678","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241280678","url":null,"abstract":"This study explores the stiffness enhancement in textile composites using four different fiber types: carbon, Kevlar, Vectran, and high-tenacity polyester (HTP). Pretension levels of 0.2, 2, 5, and 10 N were applied. A setup was developed to measure fiber stiffness. Results indicate that carbon fiber consistently demonstrates the highest stiffness across all pretenstionlevels, attributable to its high tensile strength and modulus. Kevlar fiber, although initially less stiff than carbon, exhibits the most substantial increase in stiffness, particularly between 5 and 10 N of pretension, reaching a peak stiffness of 33.8 at 10 N. Vectran fiber shows a gradual increase in stiffness, surpassing HTP but slightly lagging behind carbon and Kevlar. The rates of yarn-specific bending stiffness increase were measured as 0.168 for HTP, 0.054 for carbon fiber, 0.173 for Kevlar fiber, and 0.191 for Vectran fiber. The study highlights the importance of understanding how yarn pretension affects the bending stiffness of yarn-polymer composites, which is crucial for advancements in textile engineering. It was found that variations in the bending stiffness of HTP and carbon fibers significantly impacted the composite bending stiffness more than Vectran and Kevlar fibers under pretension during composite formation. High-stiffness yarns were less influenced by increasing pretension during composite fabrication. The study suggests utilizing yarn pretension to control the stiffness of textile/polymer composites and proposes individually tensioning and pultruding fibers or yarns in the polymer matrix before composite formation. A specialized setup for achieving this during the protrusion process is recommended.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"10 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182268","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-29DOI: 10.1177/15280837241267002
Ailan Wan, Tianlei Xu, Chenxi Yao, Lizhong Gao
To study the effect of the finishing process on the mechanical properties of polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate (PBT/PET) bicomponent polyester fiber, PBT/PET yarns were subjected to heat-moisture and dry-heat treatment at different temperatures and times. The tensile properties, elastic recovery, stress relaxation, and creep properties of the yarn were tested. The crystalline structure of PBT/PET fiber before and after heat treatment was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to explain the change in yarn mechanical properties. The mechanical model of PBT/PET yarn was established, and the change in mechanical properties was investigated theoretically. The results show that the strength of PBT/PET yarn decreases by 10.77%, and the elongation increase by 34.81% after dry-hear treatment at 160°C for 25 min. The mechanical properties of the yarn are affected by the temperature and time of heat treatment. XRD analysis shows that the crystallinity of PBT/PET yarn decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature and time, which may be the reason for the change in mechanical properties of PBT/PET yarn. In addition, the established model can fairly well explain the viscoelasticity of PBT/PET yarn.
{"title":"Effect of heat treatment on the mechanical properties of PBT/PET yarn","authors":"Ailan Wan, Tianlei Xu, Chenxi Yao, Lizhong Gao","doi":"10.1177/15280837241267002","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241267002","url":null,"abstract":"To study the effect of the finishing process on the mechanical properties of polybutylene terephthalate/polyethylene terephthalate (PBT/PET) bicomponent polyester fiber, PBT/PET yarns were subjected to heat-moisture and dry-heat treatment at different temperatures and times. The tensile properties, elastic recovery, stress relaxation, and creep properties of the yarn were tested. The crystalline structure of PBT/PET fiber before and after heat treatment was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to explain the change in yarn mechanical properties. The mechanical model of PBT/PET yarn was established, and the change in mechanical properties was investigated theoretically. The results show that the strength of PBT/PET yarn decreases by 10.77%, and the elongation increase by 34.81% after dry-hear treatment at 160°C for 25 min. The mechanical properties of the yarn are affected by the temperature and time of heat treatment. XRD analysis shows that the crystallinity of PBT/PET yarn decreases with the increase of heat treatment temperature and time, which may be the reason for the change in mechanical properties of PBT/PET yarn. In addition, the established model can fairly well explain the viscoelasticity of PBT/PET yarn.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"88 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182270","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15280837241280105
Magdi El Messiry, Marwa Elmor
The research investigates the unique characteristics and benefits of using nonwoven fabrics and polymer I cross-section composites in concrete beams. These materials show improved strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance compared to conventional steel-reinforced beams, offering promising solutions for various construction applications. This study constructed an I-beam structure using a nonwoven polyester fabric/polyester composite cast in a concrete beam. Other designs included woven carbon fabric or Kevlar nonwoven fabric applied to the bottom flange of the I-beam for reinforcement. The flexural behavior of an I-beam polyester nonwoven/polyester composite with Kevlar or carbon-reinforced concrete beams was examined. The comparison between the different samples indicates that: flexural strength: the carbon sheet-reinforced sample exhibits the highest flexural strength, followed by the steel rebar and Kevlar-reinforced samples. The ductility: The steel rebar-reinforced sample shows the highest ductility, indicating better deformation capacity before failure. Carbon sheet reinforcement also provides substantial ductility. Bending stiffness: The highest bending stiffness is observed in the Kevlar-reinforced sample, suggesting a stiffer and less flexible beam. These observations highlight the trade-offs between stiffness, strength, and ductility in reinforced concrete beams. The reinforcement material choice depends on the application-specific requirements, such as the need for higher bending strength, better flexibility, or greater stiffness.
该研究调查了在混凝土梁中使用无纺布和聚合物 I 型截面复合材料的独特特性和优势。与传统的钢筋梁相比，这些材料的强度、柔韧性和耐腐蚀性都有所提高，为各种建筑应用提供了前景广阔的解决方案。这项研究利用浇注在混凝土梁中的无纺聚酯织物/聚酯复合材料建造了一个工字梁结构。其他设计还包括在工字钢底部翼缘采用碳纤维编织物或凯夫拉无纺布进行加固。研究了工字钢聚酯无纺布/聚酯复合材料与 Kevlar 或碳纤维加固混凝土梁的弯曲性能。不同样品之间的比较表明：抗弯强度：碳片加固样品的抗弯强度最高，其次是钢筋和凯夫拉纤维加固样品。延展性：钢筋加固的样本显示出最高的延展性，表明其在破坏前具有更好的变形能力。碳板加固也提供了很大的延展性。弯曲刚度：凯芙拉纤维加固样本的弯曲刚度最高，表明梁的刚度和柔性较低。这些观察结果凸显了钢筋混凝土梁在刚度、强度和延展性之间的权衡。加固材料的选择取决于具体的应用要求，例如需要更高的抗弯强度、更好的柔韧性或更大的刚度。
{"title":"Investigation of flexural performance of concrete beams with nonwoven/polymer composites versus steel-rebar reinforcement","authors":"Magdi El Messiry, Marwa Elmor","doi":"10.1177/15280837241280105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241280105","url":null,"abstract":"The research investigates the unique characteristics and benefits of using nonwoven fabrics and polymer I cross-section composites in concrete beams. These materials show improved strength, flexibility, and corrosion resistance compared to conventional steel-reinforced beams, offering promising solutions for various construction applications. This study constructed an I-beam structure using a nonwoven polyester fabric/polyester composite cast in a concrete beam. Other designs included woven carbon fabric or Kevlar nonwoven fabric applied to the bottom flange of the I-beam for reinforcement. The flexural behavior of an I-beam polyester nonwoven/polyester composite with Kevlar or carbon-reinforced concrete beams was examined. The comparison between the different samples indicates that: flexural strength: the carbon sheet-reinforced sample exhibits the highest flexural strength, followed by the steel rebar and Kevlar-reinforced samples. The ductility: The steel rebar-reinforced sample shows the highest ductility, indicating better deformation capacity before failure. Carbon sheet reinforcement also provides substantial ductility. Bending stiffness: The highest bending stiffness is observed in the Kevlar-reinforced sample, suggesting a stiffer and less flexible beam. These observations highlight the trade-offs between stiffness, strength, and ductility in reinforced concrete beams. The reinforcement material choice depends on the application-specific requirements, such as the need for higher bending strength, better flexibility, or greater stiffness.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"116 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182319","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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