Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15280837241279985
Hale Bulbul, Meltem Yanilmaz, Juran Kim
Lithium ion batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems. They generally consist of four components: anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. The separators are crucial for batteries since they prevent physical contact of electrodes and thus short circuit. In this study, reutilization of aramid fabric was highlighted by transforming it into a high value product: battery separator. A waste aramid fabric was used to synthesize aramid aerogels by deprotonation, sol-gel, and freeze-drying processes and then investigated as lithium ion battery separators. Aramid fabric was collected from a scrap plant of an industrial automotive company. Nanoclay or TiO2 nanoparticles were added into this waste-based aramid aerogel matrix in the sol-gel stage to further enhance the performance of the separators. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. A uniform and bead-free morphology was observed for all samples with over 60% porosity. Electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity test results showed that addition of TiO2 nanoparticles increased electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity up to 365% and 2.2 mS/cm, respectively. The cells prepared by using nanocomposite aramid aerogels with TiO2 exhibited excellent cycling performance with a capacity of around 160 mAh/g in 200 cycles.
{"title":"Composite waste-based aramid aerogel separators","authors":"Hale Bulbul, Meltem Yanilmaz, Juran Kim","doi":"10.1177/15280837241279985","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241279985","url":null,"abstract":"Lithium ion batteries are one of the most promising electrochemical energy storage systems. They generally consist of four components: anode, cathode, electrolyte, and separator. The separators are crucial for batteries since they prevent physical contact of electrodes and thus short circuit. In this study, reutilization of aramid fabric was highlighted by transforming it into a high value product: battery separator. A waste aramid fabric was used to synthesize aramid aerogels by deprotonation, sol-gel, and freeze-drying processes and then investigated as lithium ion battery separators. Aramid fabric was collected from a scrap plant of an industrial automotive company. Nanoclay or TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles were added into this waste-based aramid aerogel matrix in the sol-gel stage to further enhance the performance of the separators. The samples were characterized by scanning electron microscope (SEM), linear sweep voltammetry, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and galvanostatic charge/discharge tests. A uniform and bead-free morphology was observed for all samples with over 60% porosity. Electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity test results showed that addition of TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> nanoparticles increased electrolyte uptake and ionic conductivity up to 365% and 2.2 mS/cm, respectively. The cells prepared by using nanocomposite aramid aerogels with TiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub> exhibited excellent cycling performance with a capacity of around 160 mAh/g in 200 cycles.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182271","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15280837241279454
Md. Mohaddesh Hosen, Ahmadul Ferdous, Safi Ahmed
This study presents textile based resistive pressure sensor that incorporates off-the-shelf PES/stainless steel conductive yarn and nonconductive acrylic yarn. The fabrication process involves integrating the resistive pressure sensors directly into the base fabric during one knitting operation through computerized machine knitting technology with little human involvement. This work also explores opportunities for manufacturing of soft, highly flexible, and easily controllable double-layered out-of-plane sensors in an easily scalable way. A custom resistance measuring circuit was built to characterize the sensors and the resulting equivalent resistance under various loads, i.e., (0 g–900 g). Reproducibility was confirmed by developing and testing several sensors with the same structural characteristics. The results obtained from the experiments showed that the conductive yarn types and the design parameters significantly affect the sensing properties of knitted sensors. It has been found that sensor types 2, 5, and 6 show better stability, repeatability, high response and recovery time, dynamic ranges, and sensitivity when subjected to various loadings, compared to other developed sensors in this work. As a proof of concept, this sensor demonstrates various smart textile applications, including interactive sleeves for wearable user interface, soft controllable switch, and human movement detection.
{"title":"Easily scalable and highly flexible machine knitted resistive pressure sensor for smart textile applications","authors":"Md. Mohaddesh Hosen, Ahmadul Ferdous, Safi Ahmed","doi":"10.1177/15280837241279454","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241279454","url":null,"abstract":"This study presents textile based resistive pressure sensor that incorporates off-the-shelf PES/stainless steel conductive yarn and nonconductive acrylic yarn. The fabrication process involves integrating the resistive pressure sensors directly into the base fabric during one knitting operation through computerized machine knitting technology with little human involvement. This work also explores opportunities for manufacturing of soft, highly flexible, and easily controllable double-layered out-of-plane sensors in an easily scalable way. A custom resistance measuring circuit was built to characterize the sensors and the resulting equivalent resistance under various loads, i.e., (0 g–900 g). Reproducibility was confirmed by developing and testing several sensors with the same structural characteristics. The results obtained from the experiments showed that the conductive yarn types and the design parameters significantly affect the sensing properties of knitted sensors. It has been found that sensor types 2, 5, and 6 show better stability, repeatability, high response and recovery time, dynamic ranges, and sensitivity when subjected to various loadings, compared to other developed sensors in this work. As a proof of concept, this sensor demonstrates various smart textile applications, including interactive sleeves for wearable user interface, soft controllable switch, and human movement detection.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182322","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15280837231214741
Surajit Sengupta, Nilimesh Mirdha, Papai Ghosh, Izhar Mustafa
This study develops an impermeable and flexible sheet for food packaging using aluminium foil and jute web. A hot melt sheet is used for laminating foil with a jute web. A simple manufacturing process has been suggested. The effect of different process parameters has been studied and optimized. The optimized calendaring temperature (top/bottom), pressure, and speed are 150/120°C, 15 kPa, and 1 m/min, respectively. Preheating and three consecutive runs show higher tenacity. This hybrid sheet uses around 88% or 78% jute (by weight) in one and both side laminated sheets, respectively. The failure mechanism shows the role of fibre-to-foil bonding. The developed fabric is lighter and more cost-effective than jute woven laminated fabric. The packet from hybrid fabric is sufficiently strong and pliable with excellent barrier properties to use as a hygienic sheet for food packaging.
{"title":"Development of flexible packaging sheet from aluminium foil laminated jute web","authors":"Surajit Sengupta, Nilimesh Mirdha, Papai Ghosh, Izhar Mustafa","doi":"10.1177/15280837231214741","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231214741","url":null,"abstract":"This study develops an impermeable and flexible sheet for food packaging using aluminium foil and jute web. A hot melt sheet is used for laminating foil with a jute web. A simple manufacturing process has been suggested. The effect of different process parameters has been studied and optimized. The optimized calendaring temperature (top/bottom), pressure, and speed are 150/120°C, 15 kPa, and 1 m/min, respectively. Preheating and three consecutive runs show higher tenacity. This hybrid sheet uses around 88% or 78% jute (by weight) in one and both side laminated sheets, respectively. The failure mechanism shows the role of fibre-to-foil bonding. The developed fabric is lighter and more cost-effective than jute woven laminated fabric. The packet from hybrid fabric is sufficiently strong and pliable with excellent barrier properties to use as a hygienic sheet for food packaging.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182320","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-28DOI: 10.1177/15280837241277748
Jiuzhi Dong, Jiafei Zhao, Rui Li, Xiuming Jiang
In order to address the problem of transition slip between the cylindrical segment and the ellipsoidal head segment of the carbon/carbon composite crucible preform with asymmetrical structure during the winding process, a winding pattern combining geodesic and non-geodesic is presented innovatively. Firstly, the formulae for the winding angle and the winding central rotation angle of the crucible cylindrical segment and the ellipsoidal head segment are established, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method is employed for parametrical design. The two-tangent point winding path is determined by analyzing the effect of the cylindrical segment’s winding pitch, different ellipsoidal head segment heights, and slip coefficient on the winding angle. Secondly, the needle disk winding method is proposed to address the slight winding angle at the open end of the cylinder, making it easier to hang the yarn. Finally, the experiment on dry yarn winding of 3k carbon fiber (linear density: 198 g/km) is carried out. The results indicate that the relative error rate between the actual winding angle and the theoretical design angle differs by no more than 1.66%, demonstrating that carbon fibers can be stably and uniformly wound onto the surface of the carbon/carbon composite crucible preform. Compared to the traditional manual winding method, the winding pattern enhances winding efficiency, ensures carbon fibers’ uniformity and structural stability, and provides a new technological approach to producing high-performance composite materials.
{"title":"Optimization and experimental validation of reinforcing fibers winding pattern for carbon/carbon composite crucible preform","authors":"Jiuzhi Dong, Jiafei Zhao, Rui Li, Xiuming Jiang","doi":"10.1177/15280837241277748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241277748","url":null,"abstract":"In order to address the problem of transition slip between the cylindrical segment and the ellipsoidal head segment of the carbon/carbon composite crucible preform with asymmetrical structure during the winding process, a winding pattern combining geodesic and non-geodesic is presented innovatively. Firstly, the formulae for the winding angle and the winding central rotation angle of the crucible cylindrical segment and the ellipsoidal head segment are established, and the fourth-order Runge-Kutta numerical method is employed for parametrical design. The two-tangent point winding path is determined by analyzing the effect of the cylindrical segment’s winding pitch, different ellipsoidal head segment heights, and slip coefficient on the winding angle. Secondly, the needle disk winding method is proposed to address the slight winding angle at the open end of the cylinder, making it easier to hang the yarn. Finally, the experiment on dry yarn winding of 3k carbon fiber (linear density: 198 g/km) is carried out. The results indicate that the relative error rate between the actual winding angle and the theoretical design angle differs by no more than 1.66%, demonstrating that carbon fibers can be stably and uniformly wound onto the surface of the carbon/carbon composite crucible preform. Compared to the traditional manual winding method, the winding pattern enhances winding efficiency, ensures carbon fibers’ uniformity and structural stability, and provides a new technological approach to producing high-performance composite materials.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182323","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1177/15280837241280402
Jiaqi Huang, Mengru Wu, Qinwen Huang, Tong Yang, Gang Zhao, Pibo Ma
Artificial ligaments transplanted into the human body are subject to ligament rupture and ligament fatigue injury during exercise. The three-section structure of artificial ligaments has a tight structure which can improve the breaking strength at the two ends, and a looser structure which can keep the flexibility in the middle. At present, scholars have studied braided artificial ligaments with high elasticity and creep resistance, and three-section artificial ligaments have other advantages on this basis. In this study, the three-section artificial ligaments were braided with UHMWPE, and a core-shell structure was used at both ends of the ligament as a way to strengthen the tightness and strength, facilitate the fixation of the ligament, and improve the fatigue resistance of artificial ligaments. In addition, the mechanical properties of artificial ligaments were investigated with different numbers of cores. This study proved that the three-section artificial ligament, which is made of UHMWPE has high strength, excellent elastic recovery rate, and fatigue resistance, which can provide mechanical support for the daily activities of the knee joint and help maintain the stability of the knee joint.
{"title":"Mechanical and fatigue behavior of the three-section artificial ligament","authors":"Jiaqi Huang, Mengru Wu, Qinwen Huang, Tong Yang, Gang Zhao, Pibo Ma","doi":"10.1177/15280837241280402","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241280402","url":null,"abstract":"Artificial ligaments transplanted into the human body are subject to ligament rupture and ligament fatigue injury during exercise. The three-section structure of artificial ligaments has a tight structure which can improve the breaking strength at the two ends, and a looser structure which can keep the flexibility in the middle. At present, scholars have studied braided artificial ligaments with high elasticity and creep resistance, and three-section artificial ligaments have other advantages on this basis. In this study, the three-section artificial ligaments were braided with UHMWPE, and a core-shell structure was used at both ends of the ligament as a way to strengthen the tightness and strength, facilitate the fixation of the ligament, and improve the fatigue resistance of artificial ligaments. In addition, the mechanical properties of artificial ligaments were investigated with different numbers of cores. This study proved that the three-section artificial ligament, which is made of UHMWPE has high strength, excellent elastic recovery rate, and fatigue resistance, which can provide mechanical support for the daily activities of the knee joint and help maintain the stability of the knee joint.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-23DOI: 10.1177/15280837241276917
Zhenrong Zheng, Lingli Ren, Hongyang Wang
In this paper, preoxidized fibers, flame-retardant acrylic fibers and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers were chosen to prepare thermal insulation felts by the spunlaced process. The preparation of thermal insulation felts by single-component fibers, bicomponent fibers and multi-component fibers was studied. The breaking strength of the single fibers, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, air permeability, thermal stability, shrinkage rate after washing, and the breaking strength of the thermal insulation felts were characterized. The results show that, for the single-component felts, preoxidized fiber felt had a longitudinal char length of only 35 mm, which was less than that of flame-retardant acrylic fiber felts and PPS felts. However, its longitudinal breaking strength was only 39.8 N. The bicomponent thermal insulation felt, blended with flame-retardant acrylic fibers and preoxidized fibers, had a higher breaking strength than the single-component felt, but it had char lengths greater than 100 mm after the vertical burning test. When the ratio of the multi-component insulation felts (preoxidized fibers, PPS fibers and flame-retardant acrylic fibers) was 35:60:5, the felt’s longitudinal char length measured 23 mm, which was less than that of the aramid felt 72 mm. This felt’s thermal conductivity was 0.0515 W/mK. It had an air permeability of 1995 mm/s, and the longitudinal dimensional shrinkage rate following the thermal stability test was only 1.1%. Multi-component thermal insulation felts are very important for the development of high-performance firefighting protective clothing.
{"title":"Preparation and properties of thermal insulation felts for firefighting protective clothing","authors":"Zhenrong Zheng, Lingli Ren, Hongyang Wang","doi":"10.1177/15280837241276917","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241276917","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, preoxidized fibers, flame-retardant acrylic fibers and polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibers were chosen to prepare thermal insulation felts by the spunlaced process. The preparation of thermal insulation felts by single-component fibers, bicomponent fibers and multi-component fibers was studied. The breaking strength of the single fibers, flame retardancy, thermal conductivity, air permeability, thermal stability, shrinkage rate after washing, and the breaking strength of the thermal insulation felts were characterized. The results show that, for the single-component felts, preoxidized fiber felt had a longitudinal char length of only 35 mm, which was less than that of flame-retardant acrylic fiber felts and PPS felts. However, its longitudinal breaking strength was only 39.8 N. The bicomponent thermal insulation felt, blended with flame-retardant acrylic fibers and preoxidized fibers, had a higher breaking strength than the single-component felt, but it had char lengths greater than 100 mm after the vertical burning test. When the ratio of the multi-component insulation felts (preoxidized fibers, PPS fibers and flame-retardant acrylic fibers) was 35:60:5, the felt’s longitudinal char length measured 23 mm, which was less than that of the aramid felt 72 mm. This felt’s thermal conductivity was 0.0515 W/mK. It had an air permeability of 1995 mm/s, and the longitudinal dimensional shrinkage rate following the thermal stability test was only 1.1%. Multi-component thermal insulation felts are very important for the development of high-performance firefighting protective clothing.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182324","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Using Abaqus finite element software, this study investigates the impact of different carcass belt layer structures on the grounding characteristics of tires. Focusing on the 215/55R17 radial tire, the research proposes a structural optimization scheme and establish a finite element model. The standard tire belt layer structure is replaced with a mesh belt layer structure to achieve optimized performance. Through static loading tests on the tire, the accuracy of the finite element model was validated. By altering the density, number of layers of the mesh belt structure, and radial load of the tire, a simulation analysis is conducted to study the impact on tire deformation and stress on the carcass material. The optimized tire features increased radial stiffness and reduced tread wear. The density of the mesh belt layer in the contact area affects tire deformation as well as the stress on the belt layer and ply layer. The results indicate that the mesh belt layer can effectively absorb the radial load of the tire, optimizing tire deformation by 20% to 30%. Under different loads, the tire with a 70-density mesh belt layer can reduce surface stress by approximately 40%, or around 230J. The mesh belt layer tire can reduce the sensitivity of the tire center to high load stresses, optimizing 25% of the concentrated stress at the shoulder position of the ply layer. When a double-layer belt is used, the strength at the shoulder increases with the number of belt layers, reducing stress by approximately 2-4N. The structural form of the belt layer has little impact on the trend of stored strain energy changes, but the number of belt layers significantly affects the amount of change in the tire’s strain energy. On average, about 10% of the stored strain energy is reduced due to changes in the belt layer structure.
{"title":"Optimization of tire-ground performance through meshed belt layer structure","authors":"Rui Mao, Pengfei Sun, Shuiting Zhou, Luwen Chen, Junling Meng, Wenqi Yang, Chenyi Yang, Kejie Luo","doi":"10.1177/15280837241275137","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241275137","url":null,"abstract":"Using Abaqus finite element software, this study investigates the impact of different carcass belt layer structures on the grounding characteristics of tires. Focusing on the 215/55R17 radial tire, the research proposes a structural optimization scheme and establish a finite element model. The standard tire belt layer structure is replaced with a mesh belt layer structure to achieve optimized performance. Through static loading tests on the tire, the accuracy of the finite element model was validated. By altering the density, number of layers of the mesh belt structure, and radial load of the tire, a simulation analysis is conducted to study the impact on tire deformation and stress on the carcass material. The optimized tire features increased radial stiffness and reduced tread wear. The density of the mesh belt layer in the contact area affects tire deformation as well as the stress on the belt layer and ply layer. The results indicate that the mesh belt layer can effectively absorb the radial load of the tire, optimizing tire deformation by 20% to 30%. Under different loads, the tire with a 70-density mesh belt layer can reduce surface stress by approximately 40%, or around 230J. The mesh belt layer tire can reduce the sensitivity of the tire center to high load stresses, optimizing 25% of the concentrated stress at the shoulder position of the ply layer. When a double-layer belt is used, the strength at the shoulder increases with the number of belt layers, reducing stress by approximately 2-4N. The structural form of the belt layer has little impact on the trend of stored strain energy changes, but the number of belt layers significantly affects the amount of change in the tire’s strain energy. On average, about 10% of the stored strain energy is reduced due to changes in the belt layer structure.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"142182326","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Composite materials are increasingly used in a broad range of applications due to their recognizable mechanical properties and the high strength-to-weight ratio. The aim of the current study is to improve the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of composite laminates. Several types of fabrics, such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar, and micro-particles are adopted to create composite laminates via the vacuum infusion method. The mechanical performances of the proposed laminates were evaluated via tensile and flexural strength tests. Moreover, the impact strength tests were conducted to examine their dynamic performances. Results showed that woven laminates such as glass woven, carbon woven, and Kevlar woven composites with micro-particles revealed better tensile properties compared with those without micro-particles. For instance, enhancement in the Young’s modulus with around 5%, 6%, and 13% were resulted from the glass, carbon, and Kevlar fabrics with fillers, respectively. Furthermore, higher impact strength and fracture toughness were obtained from the laminates of glass, carbon and Kevlar with inclusion of thermoplastic particles. For example, the glass, carbon and Kevlar fabrics composites with fillers samples showed improvement in the fracture toughness with around 24%, 17% and 14%, respectively. In addition, numerical simulation findings of flexural failure load and damage failure modes were in accordance with experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively.
{"title":"Studying the influence of micro-particles on the mechanical performance and damage failures of composite laminates","authors":"Hussein Kommur Dalfi, Amer Alomarah, Anwer Al-Obaidi","doi":"10.1177/15280837241275018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241275018","url":null,"abstract":"Composite materials are increasingly used in a broad range of applications due to their recognizable mechanical properties and the high strength-to-weight ratio. The aim of the current study is to improve the mechanical properties and fracture toughness of composite laminates. Several types of fabrics, such as glass, carbon, and Kevlar, and micro-particles are adopted to create composite laminates via the vacuum infusion method. The mechanical performances of the proposed laminates were evaluated via tensile and flexural strength tests. Moreover, the impact strength tests were conducted to examine their dynamic performances. Results showed that woven laminates such as glass woven, carbon woven, and Kevlar woven composites with micro-particles revealed better tensile properties compared with those without micro-particles. For instance, enhancement in the Young’s modulus with around 5%, 6%, and 13% were resulted from the glass, carbon, and Kevlar fabrics with fillers, respectively. Furthermore, higher impact strength and fracture toughness were obtained from the laminates of glass, carbon and Kevlar with inclusion of thermoplastic particles. For example, the glass, carbon and Kevlar fabrics composites with fillers samples showed improvement in the fracture toughness with around 24%, 17% and 14%, respectively. In addition, numerical simulation findings of flexural failure load and damage failure modes were in accordance with experimental results both qualitatively and quantitatively.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141930419","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2024-08-02DOI: 10.1177/15280837241267775
Wenxiang Song, Xiaotao Ma, Pibo Ma
Warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSF), with their unique structure and excellent energy absorption properties, are widely utilized in the automotive industry, medical field, and aerospace sectors. However, during practical applications, WKSF undergo repeated compression, which can lead to compressive fatigue of the spacer yarns and consequently cause the WKSF to undergo irreversible deformation, which subsequently affects its performance and appearance. Therefore, to enhance the compressive properties of WKSF and investigate the mechanisms of plastic failure, this study used a warp knitting double needle bar raschel machine to fabricate a WKSF with a thickness of 20 mm. Through fabric structure analysis, we developed a unit cell model consisting of 32 fibers and a more comprehensive analysis model with 320 fibers to quantitatively assess the geometric changes of the WKSF during the compression process. Furthermore, we experimentally studied the performance changes of the WKSF under different compression speeds, various compression strains, and 1000 cycles of loading. By integrating experimental test with the finite element method, we have conducted an in-depth study of the compression process of WKSF, simulating the displacement U, Von Mises stress distribution, and plastic compression failure behavior during compression. By comparing data on Von Mises stress, equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ), and energy density distribution (SENER), we can clearly observe the performance of spacer yarns under compression conditions, providing significant insights into the underlying plastic failure mechanisms of WKSF’s. This study not only enriches the theoretical framework for WKSF compression but also lays a solid foundation for improving its performance and extending its applications.
{"title":"Compression behavior of warp-knitted spacer fabric based on simplified finite element method","authors":"Wenxiang Song, Xiaotao Ma, Pibo Ma","doi":"10.1177/15280837241267775","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241267775","url":null,"abstract":"Warp-knitted spacer fabrics (WKSF), with their unique structure and excellent energy absorption properties, are widely utilized in the automotive industry, medical field, and aerospace sectors. However, during practical applications, WKSF undergo repeated compression, which can lead to compressive fatigue of the spacer yarns and consequently cause the WKSF to undergo irreversible deformation, which subsequently affects its performance and appearance. Therefore, to enhance the compressive properties of WKSF and investigate the mechanisms of plastic failure, this study used a warp knitting double needle bar raschel machine to fabricate a WKSF with a thickness of 20 mm. Through fabric structure analysis, we developed a unit cell model consisting of 32 fibers and a more comprehensive analysis model with 320 fibers to quantitatively assess the geometric changes of the WKSF during the compression process. Furthermore, we experimentally studied the performance changes of the WKSF under different compression speeds, various compression strains, and 1000 cycles of loading. By integrating experimental test with the finite element method, we have conducted an in-depth study of the compression process of WKSF, simulating the displacement U, Von Mises stress distribution, and plastic compression failure behavior during compression. By comparing data on Von Mises stress, equivalent plastic strain (PEEQ), and energy density distribution (SENER), we can clearly observe the performance of spacer yarns under compression conditions, providing significant insights into the underlying plastic failure mechanisms of WKSF’s. This study not only enriches the theoretical framework for WKSF compression but also lays a solid foundation for improving its performance and extending its applications.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883187","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Thermal protection systems (TPS) are vital for re-entry vehicles for their safe passage into the atmosphere from space. Hence, researchers took a keen interest in improving the thermal and ablative properties of composites to be used in making thermal protection systems. Therefore, an attempt was made to improve the thermal and ablative properties of composites made of carbon fibers (Cf) and resorcinol formaldehyde phenolic (Ph) resin with the incorporation of silicon carbide (SiC) particles. The filler was added in various percentages (0 wt% - blank, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%), and the composites were tested for ablative, thermal and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that the SiC-modified PAN-based carbon fiber reinforced phenolic (SiC-PANCf-Ph) composite with 3 wt% SiC enhancement exhibited ideal properties. The post-ablation phase composition and microstructure were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The surface morphology evidences the formation of a silicon dioxide (SiO2) layer on the composites. The SiC-PANCf-Ph composites demonstrated the lowest ablation rate, enhancing their potentiality for effective TPS applications.
热保护系统（TPS）对于重返大气层飞行器从太空安全进入大气层至关重要。因此，研究人员对改善用于制造热保护系统的复合材料的热性能和烧蚀性能产生了浓厚的兴趣。因此，研究人员尝试在碳纤维（Cf）和间苯二酚甲醛酚醛树脂（Ph）制成的复合材料中加入碳化硅（SiC）颗粒，以改善复合材料的热性能和烧蚀性能。填料的添加比例各不相同（0 wt% - 空白、1 wt%、3 wt% 和 5 wt%），并对复合材料进行了烧蚀、热和机械性能测试。结果表明，SiC 增强 3 wt% 的 SiC 改性 PAN 基碳纤维增强酚醛（SiC-PANCf-Ph）复合材料具有理想的性能。通过 X 射线衍射（XRD）、扫描电子显微镜（SEM）和能量色散 X 射线光谱（EDS）检测了烧结后的相组成和微观结构。表面形貌证明复合材料上形成了二氧化硅（SiO2）层。SiC-PANCf-Ph 复合材料的烧蚀率最低，增强了其有效应用于 TPS 的潜力。
{"title":"Enhancement of mechanical and thermal properties of carbon fiber phenolic resin composites using silicon carbide filler for thermal protection system applications","authors":"Praveen Kumar Basingala, Venkata Swamy Naidu Neigapula","doi":"10.1177/15280837241263312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837241263312","url":null,"abstract":"Thermal protection systems (TPS) are vital for re-entry vehicles for their safe passage into the atmosphere from space. Hence, researchers took a keen interest in improving the thermal and ablative properties of composites to be used in making thermal protection systems. Therefore, an attempt was made to improve the thermal and ablative properties of composites made of carbon fibers (Cf) and resorcinol formaldehyde phenolic (Ph) resin with the incorporation of silicon carbide (SiC) particles. The filler was added in various percentages (0 wt% - blank, 1 wt%, 3 wt%, and 5 wt%), and the composites were tested for ablative, thermal and mechanical properties. The results demonstrate that the SiC-modified PAN-based carbon fiber reinforced phenolic (SiC-PANCf-Ph) composite with 3 wt% SiC enhancement exhibited ideal properties. The post-ablation phase composition and microstructure were examined through X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS). The surface morphology evidences the formation of a silicon dioxide (SiO<jats:sub>2</jats:sub>) layer on the composites. The SiC-PANCf-Ph composites demonstrated the lowest ablation rate, enhancing their potentiality for effective TPS applications.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-08-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"141883188","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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