Pub Date : 2024-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231225827
Qin Yi Shao, Yilin Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhan Sun, Shijian Dong
Wearable electronics have attracted have attracted widespread attentions for their promising applications in motion monitoring and human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a flexible wearable joint movement intelligent sensing and recognition system to achieve stable and reliable motion feature extraction and recognition. Flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor were prepared by transferring graphenes (GNs) agent onto stretchable knitted products via a simple spray-drying approach. The small dynamic movement of human joints for the prepared GNs hybrid sensing gloves, elbow pads and knee pads were converted into electrical signals for sensitive detection. The convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) network with self-attention mechanism (SAM) is established for feature training and intelligent dynamic recognition of the measured joint information. The interconnected conductive networks endowed knitted sensor with good flexibility and remarkable electrical conductivity of 37 S/m. The unique conductive networks in the fabric offered excellent linearity and repeatable resistance response variation for better detection of joint motion. The resistant signal was analyzed by feature extraction, data correlation capture and time sequence relationship modeling. Finally, the test results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM with SAM network achieves 97%, 96% and 100% correct recognition rates for gesture signals, elbow and wrist signals and knee signals respectively, which is obviously higher than other recognition algorithms. It has great application prospects in the fields of smart wear, medical detection, and smart elderly care.
{"title":"Investigation of flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor for joint motion recognition based on convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory network","authors":"Qin Yi Shao, Yilin Zhang, Jun Liu, Zhan Sun, Shijian Dong","doi":"10.1177/15280837231225827","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231225827","url":null,"abstract":"Wearable electronics have attracted have attracted widespread attentions for their promising applications in motion monitoring and human-computer interaction. This paper proposes a flexible wearable joint movement intelligent sensing and recognition system to achieve stable and reliable motion feature extraction and recognition. Flexible graphene hybrid knitted sensor were prepared by transferring graphenes (GNs) agent onto stretchable knitted products via a simple spray-drying approach. The small dynamic movement of human joints for the prepared GNs hybrid sensing gloves, elbow pads and knee pads were converted into electrical signals for sensitive detection. The convolutional neural network fusion long short-term memory (CNN-LSTM) network with self-attention mechanism (SAM) is established for feature training and intelligent dynamic recognition of the measured joint information. The interconnected conductive networks endowed knitted sensor with good flexibility and remarkable electrical conductivity of 37 S/m. The unique conductive networks in the fabric offered excellent linearity and repeatable resistance response variation for better detection of joint motion. The resistant signal was analyzed by feature extraction, data correlation capture and time sequence relationship modeling. Finally, the test results show that the proposed CNN-LSTM with SAM network achieves 97%, 96% and 100% correct recognition rates for gesture signals, elbow and wrist signals and knee signals respectively, which is obviously higher than other recognition algorithms. It has great application prospects in the fields of smart wear, medical detection, and smart elderly care.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"112 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2024-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139454180","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-11-30DOI: 10.1177/15280837231217401
Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Jingtian Lu, Andrew Stephen Hall, Arash Kasebi, Arjunsing Girase, Farzaneh Masoud, Jeffrey O Stull, R Bryan Ormond
In 2022, the occupation of firefighting was categorized as a "Group 1" carcinogen, meaning it is known to be carcinogenic to humans. The personal protective equipment that structural firefighters wear is designed to safeguard them from thermal, physical, and chemical hazards while maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. Typically, the outer layer of structural turnout gear is finished with a durable water and oil-repellent (DWR) based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that helps limit exposure to water and hazardous liquids. The PFAS-based aqueous emulsion typically used in DWR finishes is highly persistent and can cause various health problems if absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal absorption. In response, the U.S. Fire Service has begun using non-PFAS water repellants in firefighter turnout gear. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both traditional PFAS-based and alternative non-PFAS outer shell materials. The study involved exposing both PFAS-based and non-PFAS DWR outer shell materials in turnout composites to simulated job exposures (i.e., weathering, thermal exposure, and laundering) that artificially aged the materials. After exposures, samples were evaluated for repellency, durability, thermal protection, and surface chemistry analysis to determine any potential performance trade-offs that may exist. Non-PFAS outer shell fabrics were found not to be diesel/oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard if exposed to diesel and subsequent flame on an emergency response. Both PFAS-based and non-PFAS sets of fabrics performed similarly in terms of thermal protective performance, tearing strength, and water repellency. The surface analysis suggests that both PFAS and non-PFAS chemistries can degrade and shed from fabrics during the aging process. The study indicates that firefighters should be educated and trained regarding the potential performance trade-offs, such as oil absorption and flammability concerns when transitioning to non-PFAS outer shell materials.
{"title":"Toward the future of firefighter gear: Assessing fluorinated and non-fluorinated outer shells following simulated on-the-job exposures.","authors":"Nur-Us-Shafa Mazumder, Jingtian Lu, Andrew Stephen Hall, Arash Kasebi, Arjunsing Girase, Farzaneh Masoud, Jeffrey O Stull, R Bryan Ormond","doi":"10.1177/15280837231217401","DOIUrl":"10.1177/15280837231217401","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>In 2022, the occupation of firefighting was categorized as a \"Group 1\" carcinogen, meaning it is known to be carcinogenic to humans. The personal protective equipment that structural firefighters wear is designed to safeguard them from thermal, physical, and chemical hazards while maintaining thermo-physiological comfort. Typically, the outer layer of structural turnout gear is finished with a durable water and oil-repellent (DWR) based on per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) that helps limit exposure to water and hazardous liquids. The PFAS-based aqueous emulsion typically used in DWR finishes is highly persistent and can cause various health problems if absorbed into the body through ingestion, inhalation, and/or dermal absorption. In response, the U.S. Fire Service has begun using non-PFAS water repellants in firefighter turnout gear. This study aims to evaluate the performance of both traditional PFAS-based and alternative non-PFAS outer shell materials. The study involved exposing both PFAS-based and non-PFAS DWR outer shell materials in turnout composites to simulated job exposures (i.e., weathering, thermal exposure, and laundering) that artificially aged the materials. After exposures, samples were evaluated for repellency, durability, thermal protection, and surface chemistry analysis to determine any potential performance trade-offs that may exist. Non-PFAS outer shell fabrics were found not to be diesel/oil-repellent, posing a potential flammability hazard if exposed to diesel and subsequent flame on an emergency response. Both PFAS-based and non-PFAS sets of fabrics performed similarly in terms of thermal protective performance, tearing strength, and water repellency. The surface analysis suggests that both PFAS and non-PFAS chemistries can degrade and shed from fabrics during the aging process. The study indicates that firefighters should be educated and trained regarding the potential performance trade-offs, such as oil absorption and flammability concerns when transitioning to non-PFAS outer shell materials.</p>","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"53 ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.2,"publicationDate":"2023-11-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10962281/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140288329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231213138
Magdi El Messiry, Elshiamaa Eid, Yasmin Ayman
Shear modulus is a critical factor that significantly influences the mechanical properties and overall performance of these textiles. Understanding the mechanics behind fabric performance during forming operations is of paramount importance, especially given the diverse use of various fabric types as key components in composite products. Fabric's ability to undergo shear deformation is a pivotal attribute in forming and facilitating the transformation of 2-dimensional preforms into intricate 3-dimensional structures. In numerous industrial applications, the manufacturing of composite materials heavily relies on carbon and Kevlar fibers. This research investigates the relationship between shear stress and wrinkling in single-layer structures. The investigation involved woven fabrics composed of carbon, Kevlar, and hybrid carbon-Kevlar configurations. The study encompassed an assessment of shear characteristics, wrinkling force, and fabric stiffness for each fabric variant. To comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay among in-plane shear characteristics, fabric parameters, and tow properties in the scope of shear behavior, the study's findings underwent meticulous scrutiny. Selected tow and fabric parameters exhibit a substantial paired association with the fabric shear modulus, a deduction derived from analysis of experimental results. The formulated fabric shear index serves as a valuable tool for categorizing the fabric's response to shear forces. The shear force component that triggers the onset of buckling demonstrates a proportional relationship with the cube root of the fabric shear modulus. This observation sheds light on the intricate connection between shear properties and mechanical behavior, offering valuable insights into the fabric's performance under various conditions.
{"title":"Investigating the shear behaviour of high-performance fabrics","authors":"Magdi El Messiry, Elshiamaa Eid, Yasmin Ayman","doi":"10.1177/15280837231213138","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231213138","url":null,"abstract":"Shear modulus is a critical factor that significantly influences the mechanical properties and overall performance of these textiles. Understanding the mechanics behind fabric performance during forming operations is of paramount importance, especially given the diverse use of various fabric types as key components in composite products. Fabric's ability to undergo shear deformation is a pivotal attribute in forming and facilitating the transformation of 2-dimensional preforms into intricate 3-dimensional structures. In numerous industrial applications, the manufacturing of composite materials heavily relies on carbon and Kevlar fibers. This research investigates the relationship between shear stress and wrinkling in single-layer structures. The investigation involved woven fabrics composed of carbon, Kevlar, and hybrid carbon-Kevlar configurations. The study encompassed an assessment of shear characteristics, wrinkling force, and fabric stiffness for each fabric variant. To comprehensively analyze the intricate interplay among in-plane shear characteristics, fabric parameters, and tow properties in the scope of shear behavior, the study's findings underwent meticulous scrutiny. Selected tow and fabric parameters exhibit a substantial paired association with the fabric shear modulus, a deduction derived from analysis of experimental results. The formulated fabric shear index serves as a valuable tool for categorizing the fabric's response to shear forces. The shear force component that triggers the onset of buckling demonstrates a proportional relationship with the cube root of the fabric shear modulus. This observation sheds light on the intricate connection between shear properties and mechanical behavior, offering valuable insights into the fabric's performance under various conditions.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"112 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134980101","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231206551
Mei Baolong, Dong Jiuzhi, Ren Hongqing, Geng Jian, Jiang Xiuming
To address the issue of non-uniform fiber volume fraction between layers in the compression compaction process of C/C soft-hard mixed preforms, a multi-unit variable duration cyclic compression compaction process based on the inter-laminar fiber compression viscoelastic deformation behavior is proposed. This process aims to gradually eliminate the rebound characteristics of inter-laminar fibers and reduce the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction. The mapping relationships between the number of units, holding duration, and compaction times with the rebound height of inter-laminar fibers are established using data fitting. The compression compaction process is determined using the Box Behnken response surface design method, and digital devices are utilized for preform compaction experiments. The micro-morphology of the preform is observed using an optical microscope, and the density of inter-laminar fibers before and after process optimization is compared. Experimental results indicate that when the number of units is 3, the holding duration is 57 s, and the compaction times is 2, the fiber volume fraction of the soft-hard mixed preform is 42.90%, which is 12.16% higher than before process optimization, and the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction is less than 6.5%.
{"title":"C/C soft-hard mixed preform multi-units compression compaction viscoelastic rebound technique and optimization","authors":"Mei Baolong, Dong Jiuzhi, Ren Hongqing, Geng Jian, Jiang Xiuming","doi":"10.1177/15280837231206551","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231206551","url":null,"abstract":"To address the issue of non-uniform fiber volume fraction between layers in the compression compaction process of C/C soft-hard mixed preforms, a multi-unit variable duration cyclic compression compaction process based on the inter-laminar fiber compression viscoelastic deformation behavior is proposed. This process aims to gradually eliminate the rebound characteristics of inter-laminar fibers and reduce the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction. The mapping relationships between the number of units, holding duration, and compaction times with the rebound height of inter-laminar fibers are established using data fitting. The compression compaction process is determined using the Box Behnken response surface design method, and digital devices are utilized for preform compaction experiments. The micro-morphology of the preform is observed using an optical microscope, and the density of inter-laminar fibers before and after process optimization is compared. Experimental results indicate that when the number of units is 3, the holding duration is 57 s, and the compaction times is 2, the fiber volume fraction of the soft-hard mixed preform is 42.90%, which is 12.16% higher than before process optimization, and the error of inter-laminar fiber volume fraction is less than 6.5%.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135104927","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231202044
Katherine Le, Harishkumar Narayana, Amir Servati, Saeid Soltanian, Peyman Servati, Frank Ko
Conductive fibrous assemblies and yarns play a crucial role in wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles), through their use in flexible sensors and interconnects. This study investigated the influence of yarn twist and geometrical parameters on the electrical properties of silver-coated nylon multifilament yarns, ranging from 1-ply to 4-ply, with twist levels of 30 twists per meter (TPM) and up to 600 TPM. Increase in twist level resulted in decreasing yarn linear resistance, with a plateau at 300 TPM, along with limiting values for yarn specific volume (1.6-1.9 cc/g), and fibre orientation angle (12-18°). The increase in yarn conductivity with higher twist was explained by greater contact between the fibrous assembly, that bridges electrically conductive pathways in the yarn structure. Twisted yarns (2-ply) were fabricated into electrode structures via embroidery, and a progressive increase in contact impedance was observed, followed by a stabilization and plateau within the range of measured impedance from 210 to 300 TPM. This observation was attributed to the decrease in the yarn specific volume, and subsequently the longitudinal diameter with increasing twist level, which decreased the contact area between the skin and electrode interface. The electrodes fabricated from varying yarn twist levels were used for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement, and demonstrated comparable signal quality to standard gel electrodes. This experimental and theoretical work forms the basis in defining relationships between established yarn twist mechanics and geometrical properties with electrical properties. This can guide materials and design parameter selection of suitable conductive yarns for e-textiles used in biopotential monitoring applications.
{"title":"Influence of yarn geometry on electrical properties of silver-coated nylon filaments for e-textiles: a fundamental study","authors":"Katherine Le, Harishkumar Narayana, Amir Servati, Saeid Soltanian, Peyman Servati, Frank Ko","doi":"10.1177/15280837231202044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231202044","url":null,"abstract":"Conductive fibrous assemblies and yarns play a crucial role in wearable electronic textiles (e-textiles), through their use in flexible sensors and interconnects. This study investigated the influence of yarn twist and geometrical parameters on the electrical properties of silver-coated nylon multifilament yarns, ranging from 1-ply to 4-ply, with twist levels of 30 twists per meter (TPM) and up to 600 TPM. Increase in twist level resulted in decreasing yarn linear resistance, with a plateau at 300 TPM, along with limiting values for yarn specific volume (1.6-1.9 cc/g), and fibre orientation angle (12-18°). The increase in yarn conductivity with higher twist was explained by greater contact between the fibrous assembly, that bridges electrically conductive pathways in the yarn structure. Twisted yarns (2-ply) were fabricated into electrode structures via embroidery, and a progressive increase in contact impedance was observed, followed by a stabilization and plateau within the range of measured impedance from 210 to 300 TPM. This observation was attributed to the decrease in the yarn specific volume, and subsequently the longitudinal diameter with increasing twist level, which decreased the contact area between the skin and electrode interface. The electrodes fabricated from varying yarn twist levels were used for electrocardiogram (ECG) measurement, and demonstrated comparable signal quality to standard gel electrodes. This experimental and theoretical work forms the basis in defining relationships between established yarn twist mechanics and geometrical properties with electrical properties. This can guide materials and design parameter selection of suitable conductive yarns for e-textiles used in biopotential monitoring applications.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135443078","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231202526
Anna Danihelová, Miroslav Němec, Tomáš Gergeľ, Miloš Gejdoš, Martin Lieskovský, Iveta Mitterová, Patrik Sčensný, Rastislav Igaz
The paper deals with the fire technical characteristics of insulation panels made of recycled technical textiles from the automotive industry. The introductory part focuse an of the use of recycled textiles, a description and division of technical textiles, a description of the examined material and its composition, combustion processes, and the method of handling waste textiles. The monitored characteristics were the determination of the ignitability of the material, the gross calorific value as well as the radiant heat resistance. The measurements were carried out on samples from recycled technical textiles before and after their treatment with flame retardants (Isonem Anti-fire Solution, Ecogard B45, HR Prof, woven carbon foil, non-woven carbon foil). The best results in the ignitability test after treatment with liquid flame retardants were obtained after treatment with Ecogard B45. The results show that when flame retardants are used, the released heat during the combustion of the monitored materials treated through the dipping method is significantly lower from 13.7 MJ/kg to 23.7 MJ/kg. The lowest gross calorific values were achieved when using liquid flame retardant HR Prof when applied by dipping. The proportion of material that did not burn was very low (4.61 to 5.63%). After exposure to radiant heat for 10 min, the highest mass loss was 13.6% (dipping in Ecogard B45) and the smallest 1.8% (non-woven carbon foil). Based on results, it shows that flame retardant ECOGARD® B45 for the insulation material Senizol AT XX2 TL60 made from recycled technical textiles is the most suitable fire protection.
{"title":"The effect of flame retardants on the fire technical characteristics of recycled textiles","authors":"Anna Danihelová, Miroslav Němec, Tomáš Gergeľ, Miloš Gejdoš, Martin Lieskovský, Iveta Mitterová, Patrik Sčensný, Rastislav Igaz","doi":"10.1177/15280837231202526","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231202526","url":null,"abstract":"The paper deals with the fire technical characteristics of insulation panels made of recycled technical textiles from the automotive industry. The introductory part focuse an of the use of recycled textiles, a description and division of technical textiles, a description of the examined material and its composition, combustion processes, and the method of handling waste textiles. The monitored characteristics were the determination of the ignitability of the material, the gross calorific value as well as the radiant heat resistance. The measurements were carried out on samples from recycled technical textiles before and after their treatment with flame retardants (Isonem Anti-fire Solution, Ecogard B45, HR Prof, woven carbon foil, non-woven carbon foil). The best results in the ignitability test after treatment with liquid flame retardants were obtained after treatment with Ecogard B45. The results show that when flame retardants are used, the released heat during the combustion of the monitored materials treated through the dipping method is significantly lower from 13.7 MJ/kg to 23.7 MJ/kg. The lowest gross calorific values were achieved when using liquid flame retardant HR Prof when applied by dipping. The proportion of material that did not burn was very low (4.61 to 5.63%). After exposure to radiant heat for 10 min, the highest mass loss was 13.6% (dipping in Ecogard B45) and the smallest 1.8% (non-woven carbon foil). Based on results, it shows that flame retardant ECOGARD® B45 for the insulation material Senizol AT XX2 TL60 made from recycled technical textiles is the most suitable fire protection.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"2014 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135650173","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231201380
Peng Jin, RT Jiang, Lei Shen
A new welding protective clothing system has been proposed to enhance the protective performance, comfort, and safety of welding protective clothing, considering the hazards associated with welding processes. The structure and fabric of the protective clothing carrier were redesigned, and a safety and protection system based on Internet of Things technology was developed. Objective tests and subjective evaluations were conducted on the protective clothing system. The results of objective tests showed that compared to regular welding protective clothing, the new protective clothing exhibited significant improvements in flame resistance, light resistance, and mechanical performance, with relatively lower vapor resistance. In subjective evaluations, the subjective evaluation scores (on a 5-point scale) of the new welding protective clothing were 26.46% and 27.95% higher than those of regular welding protective clothing, respectively ( p ≤ .05). Furthermore, the protective clothing system demonstrated a highly sensitive monitoring and feedback mechanism during testing, which can enhance workers’ ability to withstand risks and improve their psychological safety. The research on welding protective clothing with safety functions not only provides reference for innovative design of traditional welding protective clothing, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further research on other types of protective clothing.
{"title":"Development and evaluation of a multi-functional welding protective clothing system","authors":"Peng Jin, RT Jiang, Lei Shen","doi":"10.1177/15280837231201380","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231201380","url":null,"abstract":"A new welding protective clothing system has been proposed to enhance the protective performance, comfort, and safety of welding protective clothing, considering the hazards associated with welding processes. The structure and fabric of the protective clothing carrier were redesigned, and a safety and protection system based on Internet of Things technology was developed. Objective tests and subjective evaluations were conducted on the protective clothing system. The results of objective tests showed that compared to regular welding protective clothing, the new protective clothing exhibited significant improvements in flame resistance, light resistance, and mechanical performance, with relatively lower vapor resistance. In subjective evaluations, the subjective evaluation scores (on a 5-point scale) of the new welding protective clothing were 26.46% and 27.95% higher than those of regular welding protective clothing, respectively ( p ≤ .05). Furthermore, the protective clothing system demonstrated a highly sensitive monitoring and feedback mechanism during testing, which can enhance workers’ ability to withstand risks and improve their psychological safety. The research on welding protective clothing with safety functions not only provides reference for innovative design of traditional welding protective clothing, but also lays a theoretical foundation for further research on other types of protective clothing.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"107 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135495421","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231184256
Veerakumar Arumugam, Alfred Iing Yoong Tok, Vitali Lipik
Clothing production have adverse impact on the environment due to inefficient energy utilization during production processing, huge consumption of water and usage of harmful chemicals. Therefore, this work aims to develop a sustainable wind resistant and water repellant fabric through novel technology that reduces production processing steps for efficient energy consumption without compromising required functional performances without durable water repellency coatings (DWR) and application of fluorinated chemicals. This development aims to overcome the drawbacks associated with multiple production processing steps, hazardous chemicals, delamination, degradation, and reduction in vapor permeability due to adhesive layer, etc. In this work, the one-layer fabric was developed using polyester filament yarn on one surface and polyamide low melt yarn on another surface using plaited knitting technique. Further, the fabric was thermally processed at different conditions to create uniform barrier film through melting and flowing of polyamide yarns on fabric surface. The optimized and efficient thermal processing parameters were determined using Box-Behnken design as 120°C, 30 s and 0.5 MPa which yielded a fabric membrane with air permeability of 33.5 cm 3 /s/cm 2 , highest resistance to surface wetting with grade 5, exhibited hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) of 120° and water vapor transmission rate of 875.7 (g/(m 2 ·24 h)). Developed fabric also shows high abrasion resistant which would have increased clothing lifespan and comparable stiffness to commercially available wind stopper and water repellant fabrics.
服装生产过程中能源利用效率低下，耗水量巨大，使用有害化学物质，对环境造成了不利影响。因此，这项工作旨在通过新技术开发一种可持续的抗风和防水织物，减少生产加工步骤，实现有效的能源消耗，同时不影响所需的功能性能，而不需要耐用的防水涂层(DWR)和氟化化学品的应用。这一发展旨在克服与多个生产加工步骤、危险化学品、分层、降解以及由于粘接层而导致的透气性降低等相关的缺点。本文采用编结技术，以涤纶长丝为表面，聚酰胺低熔体纱为表面，开发了一层织物。在不同条件下对织物进行热处理，通过锦纶丝在织物表面的熔融和流动，形成均匀的阻隔膜。采用Box-Behnken设计确定了优化后的高效热加工参数为120℃、30 s、0.5 MPa，得到的织物膜透气性为33.5 cm 3 /s/cm 2，抗表面润湿性最高，为5级，疏水接触角为120°，水蒸气透过率为875.7 (g/(m 2·24 h))。开发的织物还显示出高耐磨性，这将增加服装的使用寿命和硬度，可与市售的防风和防水织物相媲美。
{"title":"A novel method to produce sustainable wind resistant and water repellant fabric for outdoor sport clothing","authors":"Veerakumar Arumugam, Alfred Iing Yoong Tok, Vitali Lipik","doi":"10.1177/15280837231184256","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231184256","url":null,"abstract":"Clothing production have adverse impact on the environment due to inefficient energy utilization during production processing, huge consumption of water and usage of harmful chemicals. Therefore, this work aims to develop a sustainable wind resistant and water repellant fabric through novel technology that reduces production processing steps for efficient energy consumption without compromising required functional performances without durable water repellency coatings (DWR) and application of fluorinated chemicals. This development aims to overcome the drawbacks associated with multiple production processing steps, hazardous chemicals, delamination, degradation, and reduction in vapor permeability due to adhesive layer, etc. In this work, the one-layer fabric was developed using polyester filament yarn on one surface and polyamide low melt yarn on another surface using plaited knitting technique. Further, the fabric was thermally processed at different conditions to create uniform barrier film through melting and flowing of polyamide yarns on fabric surface. The optimized and efficient thermal processing parameters were determined using Box-Behnken design as 120°C, 30 s and 0.5 MPa which yielded a fabric membrane with air permeability of 33.5 cm 3 /s/cm 2 , highest resistance to surface wetting with grade 5, exhibited hydrophobicity with water contact angle (WCA) of 120° and water vapor transmission rate of 875.7 (g/(m 2 ·24 h)). Developed fabric also shows high abrasion resistant which would have increased clothing lifespan and comparable stiffness to commercially available wind stopper and water repellant fabrics.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135798578","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
With the popularity of 5 G, there is an increasing request for a light, high-performance, and stable structure for wireless communication. To solve the problems of delamination cracking and its own heavy weight of the conventional microstrip antenna, this study used ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filament tows and purple copper filament tows as raw materials to prepare 3D woven hollow structure microstrip antenna preforms on a common loom. Using the prepared preforms for reinforcement and resin as the matrix, the VARTM process was used to prepare a 3D woven hollow structure microstrip antenna with a height of 6.8 mm, a weight of 35 g, and a bulk density of 0.7 g/cm3. The combination of the electromagnetic performance test and HFSS software simulation shows that the antenna has excellent radiation performance with a gain of 7.5 dB and a measured VSWR of 1.25. The mechanical performance test results show that it can withstand a maximum compression load of 2982 N and a maximum bending load of 364 N with no obvious delamination at the fracture. It is light, thin, and load-bearing with excellent radiation performance. There will be great potential in the unmanned field and the space field in the future.
{"title":"Preparation and electromagnetic performance of a light-weight, thin, and high-gain three-dimensional woven hollow structure microstrip antenna","authors":"Lihua Lyu, Rongrui Wang, Duoduo Zhang, Xing-lin Zhou, Yuan Gao","doi":"10.1177/15280837231187159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231187159","url":null,"abstract":"With the popularity of 5 G, there is an increasing request for a light, high-performance, and stable structure for wireless communication. To solve the problems of delamination cracking and its own heavy weight of the conventional microstrip antenna, this study used ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE) filament tows and purple copper filament tows as raw materials to prepare 3D woven hollow structure microstrip antenna preforms on a common loom. Using the prepared preforms for reinforcement and resin as the matrix, the VARTM process was used to prepare a 3D woven hollow structure microstrip antenna with a height of 6.8 mm, a weight of 35 g, and a bulk density of 0.7 g/cm3. The combination of the electromagnetic performance test and HFSS software simulation shows that the antenna has excellent radiation performance with a gain of 7.5 dB and a measured VSWR of 1.25. The mechanical performance test results show that it can withstand a maximum compression load of 2982 N and a maximum bending load of 364 N with no obvious delamination at the fracture. It is light, thin, and load-bearing with excellent radiation performance. There will be great potential in the unmanned field and the space field in the future.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48244664","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-01-01DOI: 10.1177/15280837231199259
Hong Wang, Qi Chen, Miaomiao Chen, Jiu Zheng Zhang, Yu Sheng Liu
The needle punched nonwoven fabrics are widely used as the flue gas filter materials while continuous efforts have been made to improve the filtration efficiency in order to meet the low emission requirement. In this study, filter materials with high filtration efficiency were developed via glass fiber foam laying and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion coating process. Influences of surfactant type, fiber diameter and fiber content on the foam-ability and foam stability of glass fibers were analyzed. The resulting filter materials, obtained here for the first time with glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, were characterized for morphology, pore size, air permeability, wear resistance and filtration properties. The results were compared against structures obtained from needle punched nonwoven fabrics before and PTFE emulsion coating. Remarkably, compared to untreated and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, the glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated fabrics displayed higher filtration efficiency and lower outlet particle concentration. Overall, glass fiber foam laying is found to be effective to improve the filtration performance of needle punched nonwoven fabrics and is promising to be commercialized after optimizing the foam composition and PTFE emulsion coating process.
{"title":"Novel filter material by glass fiber foam laying for nonwoven fabrics","authors":"Hong Wang, Qi Chen, Miaomiao Chen, Jiu Zheng Zhang, Yu Sheng Liu","doi":"10.1177/15280837231199259","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1177/15280837231199259","url":null,"abstract":"The needle punched nonwoven fabrics are widely used as the flue gas filter materials while continuous efforts have been made to improve the filtration efficiency in order to meet the low emission requirement. In this study, filter materials with high filtration efficiency were developed via glass fiber foam laying and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) emulsion coating process. Influences of surfactant type, fiber diameter and fiber content on the foam-ability and foam stability of glass fibers were analyzed. The resulting filter materials, obtained here for the first time with glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, were characterized for morphology, pore size, air permeability, wear resistance and filtration properties. The results were compared against structures obtained from needle punched nonwoven fabrics before and PTFE emulsion coating. Remarkably, compared to untreated and PTFE emulsion coated needle punched nonwoven fabrics, the glass fiber foam laden and PTFE emulsion coated fabrics displayed higher filtration efficiency and lower outlet particle concentration. Overall, glass fiber foam laying is found to be effective to improve the filtration performance of needle punched nonwoven fabrics and is promising to be commercialized after optimizing the foam composition and PTFE emulsion coating process.","PeriodicalId":16097,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Industrial Textiles","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":3.2,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47286325","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":4,"RegionCategory":"工程技术","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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