Phoebe E Gordon, Brittney K. Goodrich, Houston Wilson
In California, the most significant insect pest of almonds and pistachios is the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) and is a pest of walnuts. This pest attacks the nuts and infestation is associated with aflatoxin contamination. While there are multiple integrated pest management (IPM) practices available, anecdotal evidence suggests that not all tools are equally utilized. To understand current industry practices and barriers to adoption, the authors surveyed tree nut growers and industry professionals across 7 University of California Cooperative Extension meetings in California’s Central Valley. Findings indicate that as managed acres decreased, participants were less likely to report using as many IPM tools, and pest control advisers reported higher use of multiple practices compared to orchard owners and managers. Key barriers to adoption varied by practice and included high economic costs, low labor availability, environmental conditions, and/or timing constraints. Many respondents were skeptical of the efficacy of mating disruption, a relatively new strategy compared to other IPM tools. Finally, a cluster analysis identified thirteen aggregate grower profiles. Groups primarily differed in their use of monitoring practices, although some groups were also less likely to use sanitation or pesticides. Two groups were distinguished as “early adopters” through their use of mating disruption and/or ovibait traps. These findings document variability in adoption of IPM practices for A. transitella in tree nuts. Identification of the primary barriers and constraints for specific grower groups will inform research and extension efforts to further promote adoption of key IPM strategies.
{"title":"Adoption of Amyelois transitella (navel orangeworm) monitoring and management practices across California tree nut crops","authors":"Phoebe E Gordon, Brittney K. Goodrich, Houston Wilson","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad014","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad014","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 In California, the most significant insect pest of almonds and pistachios is the navel orangeworm, Amyelois transitella (Walker) and is a pest of walnuts. This pest attacks the nuts and infestation is associated with aflatoxin contamination. While there are multiple integrated pest management (IPM) practices available, anecdotal evidence suggests that not all tools are equally utilized. To understand current industry practices and barriers to adoption, the authors surveyed tree nut growers and industry professionals across 7 University of California Cooperative Extension meetings in California’s Central Valley. Findings indicate that as managed acres decreased, participants were less likely to report using as many IPM tools, and pest control advisers reported higher use of multiple practices compared to orchard owners and managers. Key barriers to adoption varied by practice and included high economic costs, low labor availability, environmental conditions, and/or timing constraints. Many respondents were skeptical of the efficacy of mating disruption, a relatively new strategy compared to other IPM tools. Finally, a cluster analysis identified thirteen aggregate grower profiles. Groups primarily differed in their use of monitoring practices, although some groups were also less likely to use sanitation or pesticides. Two groups were distinguished as “early adopters” through their use of mating disruption and/or ovibait traps. These findings document variability in adoption of IPM practices for A. transitella in tree nuts. Identification of the primary barriers and constraints for specific grower groups will inform research and extension efforts to further promote adoption of key IPM strategies.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44965633","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Correction to: Establishment of non-native <i>Anoplophora horsfieldii</i> (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae) in South Korea","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad013","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad013","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135829306","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nur Mohd Roslin Elia-Amira, Chee Dhang Chen, Van Lun Low, Koon Weng Lau, Amirah Haziqah-Rashid, Zheng Hua Amelia-Yap, Fong Peng Chew, Mohd Sofian-Azirun
Abstract We investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding dengue and its prevention among local residents in all five divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,000 residents aged 18 years and above. The results revealed that less than one-tenth of the respondents scored high in knowledge (9.6%), while more than half scored high in attitude (64.6%), and less than one-fifth (15.6%) scored high in dengue prevention practices. Economic factors (monthly salary and occupation) were the final independent predictors in all KAP domains. KAP parameters were correlated with each other, but wide gaps between the scores implied that a positive attitude was not translated into either high knowledge or practice scores. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities to employ multifaceted approaches in future dengue awareness campaigns to increase all KAP domains, especially among those with lower economic status.
{"title":"Economic status as the predictor of dengue awareness among local residents of Sabah, Malaysia","authors":"Nur Mohd Roslin Elia-Amira, Chee Dhang Chen, Van Lun Low, Koon Weng Lau, Amirah Haziqah-Rashid, Zheng Hua Amelia-Yap, Fong Peng Chew, Mohd Sofian-Azirun","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad019","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad019","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract We investigated the knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAPs) regarding dengue and its prevention among local residents in all five divisions of Sabah, Malaysia. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey was conducted with 1,000 residents aged 18 years and above. The results revealed that less than one-tenth of the respondents scored high in knowledge (9.6%), while more than half scored high in attitude (64.6%), and less than one-fifth (15.6%) scored high in dengue prevention practices. Economic factors (monthly salary and occupation) were the final independent predictors in all KAP domains. KAP parameters were correlated with each other, but wide gaps between the scores implied that a positive attitude was not translated into either high knowledge or practice scores. Therefore, it is imperative for the authorities to employ multifaceted approaches in future dengue awareness campaigns to increase all KAP domains, especially among those with lower economic status.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136204424","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Data from the pest management practices survey conducted annually by the National Agriculture Statistics Service were used to estimate the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) in California. Surveys indicate 75% or greater use rates by acreage of 11 pest management practices in vegetable crop production in 2022 and 7 pest management practices in fruit and nut crop production in 2021. Agronomic crops have fewer pest management practices used on 75% or more of the acreage, with 4 in cotton in 2019, 6 in rice in 2021, 4 in wheat in 2022, and none in barley in 2019. Scouting for diseases, insects and mites, and weeds is the most widely used pest management practice in all the crops. Differences between use rates measured by acreage and use rates measured by farming operations suggest that large and small operations use different pest management practices. Trends indicate flat to increasing use of many pest management practices in general but decreasing use of some pest management practices in small grain crops. Changes in pest management practices and use rates are influenced by many factors, including University of California IPM efforts, changes in pesticide regulations, changes in crop production practices, and consumer pressures. The information from these surveys will support the development of Extension IPM outreach materials by the University of California Statewide IPM Program.
{"title":"Using National Agricultural Statistics Service pest management practices survey to assess IPM adoption in California","authors":"James J Farrar","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad022","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad022","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Data from the pest management practices survey conducted annually by the National Agriculture Statistics Service were used to estimate the adoption of integrated pest management (IPM) in California. Surveys indicate 75% or greater use rates by acreage of 11 pest management practices in vegetable crop production in 2022 and 7 pest management practices in fruit and nut crop production in 2021. Agronomic crops have fewer pest management practices used on 75% or more of the acreage, with 4 in cotton in 2019, 6 in rice in 2021, 4 in wheat in 2022, and none in barley in 2019. Scouting for diseases, insects and mites, and weeds is the most widely used pest management practice in all the crops. Differences between use rates measured by acreage and use rates measured by farming operations suggest that large and small operations use different pest management practices. Trends indicate flat to increasing use of many pest management practices in general but decreasing use of some pest management practices in small grain crops. Changes in pest management practices and use rates are influenced by many factors, including University of California IPM efforts, changes in pesticide regulations, changes in crop production practices, and consumer pressures. The information from these surveys will support the development of Extension IPM outreach materials by the University of California Statewide IPM Program.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135508195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Chinonyelum Linda Oforka, Ahmed Idowu Omotayo, Eno Emmanuella Akarawak, Monsuru Adebayo Adeleke
Abstract The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases were investigated in urban informal settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. The survey was conducted between December 2021 and March 2022 using a cross-sectional approach in the informal settlements of Bariga, Makoko, and Ajegunle, and in the formal settlement of Ikeja, all in Lagos State. A total of 400 semistructured questionnaires, 100 per community, were administered to consenting adult participants, and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that of the total respondents, 262 (65.5%) claimed to have previously seen mosquito larvae, while 54.2% of the total were aware that larvae usually develop into adult mosquitoes. Only 167 (41.8%) of the respondents owned insecticide-treated bed nets, out of which 126 (75.4%) slept under such bed nets. The rate of bed net ownership and reasons for not using them were significant in relation to the study communities. The majority of respondents (81.2%) reported using aerosol insecticides almost daily, potentially contributing to the challenge of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Of the mosquito-borne diseases endemic in Nigeria, malaria was the most well-known by respondents (62.7%), followed by yellow fever (13.6%), and lymphatic filariasis (1.5%). These findings highlight the need for both public education on mosquito control and government interventions in urban informal settlements.
{"title":"Knowledge, attitudes, and practices on mosquito control in urban informal settlements of Lagos, southwest Nigeria","authors":"Chinonyelum Linda Oforka, Ahmed Idowu Omotayo, Eno Emmanuella Akarawak, Monsuru Adebayo Adeleke","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad021","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad021","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) on the control of mosquitoes and mosquito-borne diseases were investigated in urban informal settlements of Lagos State, Nigeria, during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) period. The survey was conducted between December 2021 and March 2022 using a cross-sectional approach in the informal settlements of Bariga, Makoko, and Ajegunle, and in the formal settlement of Ikeja, all in Lagos State. A total of 400 semistructured questionnaires, 100 per community, were administered to consenting adult participants, and the data collected were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics. The results showed that of the total respondents, 262 (65.5%) claimed to have previously seen mosquito larvae, while 54.2% of the total were aware that larvae usually develop into adult mosquitoes. Only 167 (41.8%) of the respondents owned insecticide-treated bed nets, out of which 126 (75.4%) slept under such bed nets. The rate of bed net ownership and reasons for not using them were significant in relation to the study communities. The majority of respondents (81.2%) reported using aerosol insecticides almost daily, potentially contributing to the challenge of insecticide resistance in mosquito vectors. Of the mosquito-borne diseases endemic in Nigeria, malaria was the most well-known by respondents (62.7%), followed by yellow fever (13.6%), and lymphatic filariasis (1.5%). These findings highlight the need for both public education on mosquito control and government interventions in urban informal settlements.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"136307750","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
R. Arshad, Juang Horng Chong, D. Lauderdale, B. Kunkel, S. V. Joseph
Systena frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious insect pest species of container ornamental plant nurseries, widespread in the central and eastern United States. Adults feeding causes shotholes and skeletonization to the foliage of affected plants, which can reduce aesthetic value, and marketability of the ornamental plants. This paper reviews the biology and current management approaches used against S. frontalis in ornamental plant nurseries in the United States. Information gathered from the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production system is included where they are appropriate and supplementary to the discussion. The paper also discusses the research, extension, and economic questions prioritized by the stakeholders dealing with S. frontalis problems in the container nurseries.
{"title":"Biology and management of Systena frontalis (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) in ornamental plant nurseries","authors":"R. Arshad, Juang Horng Chong, D. Lauderdale, B. Kunkel, S. V. Joseph","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad007","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad007","url":null,"abstract":"Systena frontalis (F.) (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) is a serious insect pest species of container ornamental plant nurseries, widespread in the central and eastern United States. Adults feeding causes shotholes and skeletonization to the foliage of affected plants, which can reduce aesthetic value, and marketability of the ornamental plants. This paper reviews the biology and current management approaches used against S. frontalis in ornamental plant nurseries in the United States. Information gathered from the cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Ait.) production system is included where they are appropriate and supplementary to the discussion. The paper also discusses the research, extension, and economic questions prioritized by the stakeholders dealing with S. frontalis problems in the container nurseries.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47456195","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
K. Oten, E. Day, T. Dellinger, H. H. Disque, L. Barringer, Jessica Cancelliere, Liam Somers, Matthew A. Bertone
The elm zigzag sawfly (EZS), Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, was detected in the United States for the first time in Virginia in 2021. In 2022, it was confirmed in 4 additional states: Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland, and New York. These are the first records of this species in the United States and demonstrate a rapid range expansion of an invasive defoliating pest. Native to Asia, EZS feeds exclusively on Ulmus spp. (elms; Ulmaceae). In the United States, feeding damage ranges in severity from minor to severe. Young instars create a zigzag-shaped pattern in leaves as they feed, while older larvae feed more completely on foliage, leaving only the midvein and sometimes thick lateral veins. This more complete feeding often obscures the signature zigzag defoliation of younger instars. Long-term health impacts to host trees are unknown, though aesthetic damage, growth loss, and branch dieback occur in Europe where it is also invasive. Little is known about management options for this pest, and continued expansion of this species’ range in the United States is expected.
{"title":"First records of elm zigzag sawfly (Hymenoptera: Argidae) in the United States","authors":"K. Oten, E. Day, T. Dellinger, H. H. Disque, L. Barringer, Jessica Cancelliere, Liam Somers, Matthew A. Bertone","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad009","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad009","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 The elm zigzag sawfly (EZS), Aproceros leucopoda Takeuchi, was detected in the United States for the first time in Virginia in 2021. In 2022, it was confirmed in 4 additional states: Pennsylvania, North Carolina, Maryland, and New York. These are the first records of this species in the United States and demonstrate a rapid range expansion of an invasive defoliating pest. Native to Asia, EZS feeds exclusively on Ulmus spp. (elms; Ulmaceae). In the United States, feeding damage ranges in severity from minor to severe. Young instars create a zigzag-shaped pattern in leaves as they feed, while older larvae feed more completely on foliage, leaving only the midvein and sometimes thick lateral veins. This more complete feeding often obscures the signature zigzag defoliation of younger instars. Long-term health impacts to host trees are unknown, though aesthetic damage, growth loss, and branch dieback occur in Europe where it is also invasive. Little is known about management options for this pest, and continued expansion of this species’ range in the United States is expected.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44635712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ariela I Haber, Kyle Bekelja, Anders S Huseth, G David Buntin, Fred Musser, Jasmin P Ramirez Bonilla, Sally V Taylor, Daniel Wilczek, Ian M Grettenberger, Donald C Weber
Abstract Spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a North American native leaf beetle species also known as southern corn rootworm (SCRW), is a polyphagous pest of various crops including cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae), corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine max), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Larvae are below-ground pests of corn, sorghum (Sorghum spp.), peanut, and sweetpotato. Adult damage impacts cucurbits by damage to seedlings and fruit and transmission of bacterial wilt (causal agent Erwinia tracheiphila) by eastern populations. Adult feeding also damages fresh market beans and occasionally leafy and fruiting vegetables. Damage on many other crops such as field soybeans, dry beans, and sorghum, is often cosmetic and/or inconsequential. Adults overwinter in mild climates and spread seasonally northward, with multiple generations and populations increasing into the late summer. Diverse natural enemies attack all stages, but their ecology and impact are poorly known, particularly below ground. A female-produced sex pheromone and floral volatiles are known attractants, and cucurbitacins (bitter phytochemicals) are feeding stimulants, offering potential selective behavioral control. Management practices are directed against pest complexes, including other below- and above-ground pests, depending on the crop. Chemical controls are soil-applied for protection from root-feeding larvae, systemic seed treatments for early-state crop feeding, and broadcast application in fruiting cucurbits and beans. Action thresholds and monitoring are not well developed. Cultural controls include field and cultivar choice, row covers in high-value crops, and available crop resistance. The wide host range, abundance, and mobility of adults make prediction and monitoring challenging.
{"title":"Spotted cucumber beetle/southern corn rootworm: profile of a polyphagous native pest","authors":"Ariela I Haber, Kyle Bekelja, Anders S Huseth, G David Buntin, Fred Musser, Jasmin P Ramirez Bonilla, Sally V Taylor, Daniel Wilczek, Ian M Grettenberger, Donald C Weber","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad016","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad016","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Spotted cucumber beetle, Diabrotica undecimpunctata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae), a North American native leaf beetle species also known as southern corn rootworm (SCRW), is a polyphagous pest of various crops including cucurbits (Cucurbitaceae), corn (Zea mays), soybeans (Glycine max), snap beans (Phaseolus vulgaris), peanut (Arachis hypogaea), and sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas). Larvae are below-ground pests of corn, sorghum (Sorghum spp.), peanut, and sweetpotato. Adult damage impacts cucurbits by damage to seedlings and fruit and transmission of bacterial wilt (causal agent Erwinia tracheiphila) by eastern populations. Adult feeding also damages fresh market beans and occasionally leafy and fruiting vegetables. Damage on many other crops such as field soybeans, dry beans, and sorghum, is often cosmetic and/or inconsequential. Adults overwinter in mild climates and spread seasonally northward, with multiple generations and populations increasing into the late summer. Diverse natural enemies attack all stages, but their ecology and impact are poorly known, particularly below ground. A female-produced sex pheromone and floral volatiles are known attractants, and cucurbitacins (bitter phytochemicals) are feeding stimulants, offering potential selective behavioral control. Management practices are directed against pest complexes, including other below- and above-ground pests, depending on the crop. Chemical controls are soil-applied for protection from root-feeding larvae, systemic seed treatments for early-state crop feeding, and broadcast application in fruiting cucurbits and beans. Action thresholds and monitoring are not well developed. Cultural controls include field and cultivar choice, row covers in high-value crops, and available crop resistance. The wide host range, abundance, and mobility of adults make prediction and monitoring challenging.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135784050","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Climate change and its impact on agricultural crops is driving the expansion of cropping systems to plants better adapted to rising temperatures, prolonged periods of drought, poor soils, and high salinity. One such crop is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), a traditionally Andean grain that has been recently adopted in dry, high-elevation regions of Colorado, Idaho, and Washington. However, in 2021, a stem-boring fly, Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was reported in quinoa grown in Colorado’s San Luis Valley and abruptly halted expansion of this climate-resilient crop. This new agromyzid pest has caused complete yield loss in some instances and contributed to substantial declines in quinoa acreage from 3,000 acres in 2021 to 900 acres in 2022. Distinguishing morphological features of A. karli adults include a yellow head, light yellow halteres, a dark brown body, and a dark brown femur and tibia that are yellow near the tips. Larvae feed within quinoa stems and destroy the pith, which disrupts nutrient transport and causes death or significant declines in yield and quality. Here, we summarize the impact of A. karli on quinoa, and discuss life history and management for other agromyzid species that can inform management of A. karli. Research focused on effective integrated management tactics including use of biological control, host plant resistance, and systemic insecticides is urgently needed to suppress this pest.
气候变化及其对农作物的影响正在推动种植系统向更能适应气温上升、长期干旱、土壤贫瘠和高盐度的作物扩展。藜麦就是这样的一种作物，藜麦是一种传统的安第斯谷物，最近在科罗拉多州、爱达荷州和华盛顿州的干旱、高海拔地区被采用。然而，在2021年，据报道，在科罗拉多州圣路易斯谷种植的藜麦中发现了一种茎蛀蝇，Amauromyza karli Hendel(双翅目:农蝇科)，并突然停止了这种适应气候变化的作物的扩张。在某些情况下，这种新型农虫造成了完全的产量损失，并导致藜麦种植面积从2021年的3000英亩大幅下降到2022年的900英亩。成虫的形态特征包括黄色的头，淡黄色的笼头，深棕色的身体，深棕色的股骨和胫骨(尖端处呈黄色)。幼虫在藜麦茎内取食，破坏果髓，破坏营养物质运输，导致死亡或产量和质量显著下降。在此，我们总结了稻曲霉对藜麦的影响，并讨论了其他稻曲霉的生活史和管理方法，为稻曲霉的管理提供参考。迫切需要研究包括生物防治、寄主植物抗性和系统杀虫剂在内的有效综合管理策略来抑制这种害虫。
{"title":"New Stem Boring Pest of Quinoa in the United States","authors":"Adrianna Szczepaniec, Gabriel Alnajjar","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad004","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad004","url":null,"abstract":"\u0000 Climate change and its impact on agricultural crops is driving the expansion of cropping systems to plants better adapted to rising temperatures, prolonged periods of drought, poor soils, and high salinity. One such crop is quinoa, Chenopodium quinoa Willd (Caryophyllales: Amaranthaceae), a traditionally Andean grain that has been recently adopted in dry, high-elevation regions of Colorado, Idaho, and Washington. However, in 2021, a stem-boring fly, Amauromyza karli Hendel (Diptera: Agromyzidae), was reported in quinoa grown in Colorado’s San Luis Valley and abruptly halted expansion of this climate-resilient crop. This new agromyzid pest has caused complete yield loss in some instances and contributed to substantial declines in quinoa acreage from 3,000 acres in 2021 to 900 acres in 2022. Distinguishing morphological features of A. karli adults include a yellow head, light yellow halteres, a dark brown body, and a dark brown femur and tibia that are yellow near the tips. Larvae feed within quinoa stems and destroy the pith, which disrupts nutrient transport and causes death or significant declines in yield and quality. Here, we summarize the impact of A. karli on quinoa, and discuss life history and management for other agromyzid species that can inform management of A. karli. Research focused on effective integrated management tactics including use of biological control, host plant resistance, and systemic insecticides is urgently needed to suppress this pest.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":2.8,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"44726576","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract The predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), is a generalist predator feeding on multiple soft-bodied insects and mite pest species. It is a biological control agent commercially available since 2005 that has become one of the top 3 most released biocontrol predators worldwide. It is commonly used to suppress whitefly populations (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera), and spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) to a lesser degree. This predatory mite has been used as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for vegetable (e.g., peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, squash) and ornamental (e.g., roses, chrysanthemums) crops in open fields and greenhouses, and some field crops such as cotton, but it has been demonstrated to be more successful at establishing reproductive populations and suppressing pests under protected structures. Amblyseius swirskii can feed on various food resources besides prey, including pollen or honeydew. It is successful at suppressing pests when used together with low-risk pesticides, when multiple prey are available, when prey and pollen are available naturally (neighboring flowering or companion plants present), or when pollen is supplemented in the field. This predator is a good option to control pests early in the season if shelter and food resources are available for its establishment.
{"title":"Meet <i>Amblyseius swirskii</i> (Acari: Phytoseiidae): a commonly used predatory mite in vegetable crops","authors":"Lorena Lopez","doi":"10.1093/jipm/pmad018","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jipm/pmad018","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract The predatory mite, Amblyseius swirskii Athias-Henriot (Acari: Phytoseiidae), is a generalist predator feeding on multiple soft-bodied insects and mite pest species. It is a biological control agent commercially available since 2005 that has become one of the top 3 most released biocontrol predators worldwide. It is commonly used to suppress whitefly populations (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae), thrips (Thysanoptera), and spider mites (Acari: Tetranychidae) to a lesser degree. This predatory mite has been used as part of Integrated Pest Management (IPM) programs for vegetable (e.g., peppers, eggplants, cucumbers, squash) and ornamental (e.g., roses, chrysanthemums) crops in open fields and greenhouses, and some field crops such as cotton, but it has been demonstrated to be more successful at establishing reproductive populations and suppressing pests under protected structures. Amblyseius swirskii can feed on various food resources besides prey, including pollen or honeydew. It is successful at suppressing pests when used together with low-risk pesticides, when multiple prey are available, when prey and pollen are available naturally (neighboring flowering or companion plants present), or when pollen is supplemented in the field. This predator is a good option to control pests early in the season if shelter and food resources are available for its establishment.","PeriodicalId":16119,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Integrated Pest Management","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135838260","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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