Pub Date : 2024-04-02DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20240901.12
Christelle Mokam, Andrea Toukem, Christian Teufack, Fabien Dzou, S. Tsekané, Mohammadou Moukhtar, Auguste Mbianda, Martin Kenne
A survey was undertaken from March to June 2014 on the biodiversity and the community structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River mouths (South-Cameroon). In each river, raw waters were collected from upstream to downstream at four sites. Cells were counted using the Malassez cells procedure and species were identified. A total of 10427.1x105 cells corresponded to three phyla, eight classes, 23 orders, 32 genera and 40 species (24 freshwater species (60.0% of total species richness and total collection respectively), three marine species (7.5% and 2.4% of the total species richness; and total collection respectively), and one brackish water specialist in Kienke (2.5% and 5.1%), 13 tolerant species (32.5% and 32.6%)). The trophic diatom index revealed undisturbed conditions with no or little alteration of human origin and a low organic pollution (oligotrophic or mesotrophic state) (Nyong: TDI=52.7; Kienke: TDI=69.7; pooled assemblage: TDI=65.0). A low species richness was detected (richness ratio in Nyong: d=0.008; Kienke: d=0.003; pooled rivers: d=0.004), a high species diversity (Shannon index close to maximum) (Nyong: H’=2.742 and H’max=2.996; Kienke: H’=2.685 and H’max=2.996; pooled rivers: H’=3.245 and H’max=3.689), a very low dominance by a few species (Berger-Parker index close to 0) (Nyong: IBP=0.156; Kienke: IBP=0.175; pooled rivers: IBP=0.134), and Hill’s ratio were close to 1 (Nyong: Hill=0.819; Kienke: Hill=0.803; pooled rivers: Hill=0.722). The community was highly even with a high value of the Pielou’s evenness close to 1 (Nyong: J=0.915; Kienke: J=0.896; pooled rivers: J=0.880). Two useful species and one harmful species to fish were rare in Kienke. Species exhibited in Kienke and pooled data in rainy season, a positive global net association while it was negative in Nyong. Assemblage fitted Preston’s model in Nyong with a high environmental constant in the dry season (m’=1.469), low constant in the rainy season (m’=0.947) and the pooled seasons (m’=0.853). In Kienke constants were low (dry season: m’=0.574; rainy season: m’=0.566; pooled seasons: m’=0.581) suggesting a evolved community in less disturbed environments where the majority of species showed moderate abundances. In the dry season, the pooled assemblage functionned on the basis of maintaining a complex information network (close to ecological balance) developed at spatio-temporal scales (ZM model) and it presented a low force of regeneration (fractal dimension of the distribution of individuals among species (1/γ)=0.925<1). The evolved oligotrophic state (close to natural balance) of the chromists’ community should be preserved and protected and the studied rivers classified as reference.
{"title":"Biodiversity and the Community Structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River Mouths (South-Cameroon)","authors":"Christelle Mokam, Andrea Toukem, Christian Teufack, Fabien Dzou, S. Tsekané, Mohammadou Moukhtar, Auguste Mbianda, Martin Kenne","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20240901.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20240901.12","url":null,"abstract":"A survey was undertaken from March to June 2014 on the biodiversity and the community structure of Chromista Cavalier-Smith, 1981 in Nyong and Kienke River mouths (South-Cameroon). In each river, raw waters were collected from upstream to downstream at four sites. Cells were counted using the Malassez cells procedure and species were identified. A total of 10427.1x10<sup>5</sup> cells corresponded to three phyla, eight classes, 23 orders, 32 genera and 40 species (24 freshwater species (60.0% of total species richness and total collection respectively), three marine species (7.5% and 2.4% of the total species richness; and total collection respectively), and one brackish water specialist in Kienke (2.5% and 5.1%), 13 tolerant species (32.5% and 32.6%)). The trophic diatom index revealed undisturbed conditions with no or little alteration of human origin and a low organic pollution (oligotrophic or mesotrophic state) (Nyong: TDI=52.7; Kienke: TDI=69.7; pooled assemblage: TDI=65.0). A low species richness was detected (richness ratio in Nyong: d=0.008; Kienke: d=0.003; pooled rivers: d=0.004), a high species diversity (Shannon index close to maximum) (Nyong: H’=2.742 and H’<sub>max</sub>=2.996; Kienke: H’=2.685 and H’<sub>max</sub>=2.996; pooled rivers: H’=3.245 and H’<sub>max</sub>=3.689), a very low dominance by a few species (Berger-Parker index close to 0) (Nyong: I<SUB>BP</SUB>=0.156; Kienke: I<SUB>BP</SUB>=0.175; pooled rivers: I<SUB>BP</SUB>=0.134), and Hill’s ratio were close to 1 (Nyong: Hill=0.819; Kienke: Hill=0.803; pooled rivers: Hill=0.722). The community was highly even with a high value of the Pielou’s evenness close to 1 (Nyong: J=0.915; Kienke: J=0.896; pooled rivers: J=0.880). Two useful species and one harmful species to fish were rare in Kienke. Species exhibited in Kienke and pooled data in rainy season, a positive global net association while it was negative in Nyong. Assemblage fitted Preston’s model in Nyong with a high environmental constant in the dry season (m’=1.469), low constant in the rainy season (m’=0.947) and the pooled seasons (m’=0.853). In Kienke constants were low (dry season: m’=0.574; rainy season: m’=0.566; pooled seasons: m’=0.581) suggesting a evolved community in less disturbed environments where the majority of species showed moderate abundances. In the dry season, the pooled assemblage functionned on the basis of maintaining a complex information network (close to ecological balance) developed at spatio-temporal scales (ZM model) and it presented a low force of regeneration (fractal dimension of the distribution of individuals among species (1/γ)=0.925<1). The evolved oligotrophic state (close to natural balance) of the chromists’ community should be preserved and protected and the studied rivers classified as reference.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"25 22","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-04-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"140753791","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-09-06DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230803.11
Mohammad Kazem Koohi
{"title":"Toxicity Assessment of Benzalkonium Chloride and Dibromo Nitrilopropionamide in Wistar Rats","authors":"Mohammad Kazem Koohi","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20230803.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230803.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-09-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"134521229","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-08-17DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.12
Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho
: Wheat leaf blotch ( Zymoseptoria tritici ) is economically important foliar disease in major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates, varieties
{"title":"Determination of Sowing Dates, Varieties, and Fungicide Frequency for Managements of Wheat Leaf Blotch (<i>Zymoseptoria tritici</i>)","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse, Asela Kesho","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.12","url":null,"abstract":": Wheat leaf blotch ( Zymoseptoria tritici ) is economically important foliar disease in major wheat growing areas of Ethiopia. The goal of the current study was to evaluate the effects of sowing dates, varieties","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-17","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130953010","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-21DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.11
Andrea Silva Claros, Erick Ferrufino Guardia, Paola Ayala-Borda
{"title":"Characterization and Heavy Metal Bioremediation Potential of <i>Halomonas</i> Isolates from the Bolivian Altiplano","authors":"Andrea Silva Claros, Erick Ferrufino Guardia, Paola Ayala-Borda","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230802.11","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"62 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-21","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139369104","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-06-06DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.12
Mohammad Mosleh Uddin, Shayla Sultana Mely, Al Faruk
{"title":"Toxicological Effects of Thiamethoxam on Non-Target Aquatic Organisms","authors":"Mohammad Mosleh Uddin, Shayla Sultana Mely, Al Faruk","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"121 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-06-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139370784","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-05-10DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11
Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu
: CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm -1 to 3942 cm -1 , all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm -1 , 3317 cm -1 , 3286 cm -1 , and 3217cm -1 . The -NH 2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm -1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.
:从泰冠壳中提取壳聚糖，用聚乳酸凝胶法对其进行改性，得到聚乳酸壳聚糖纳米复合材料。利用红外光谱(FT-IR)和扫描电镜(SEM)分析了壳聚糖和聚乳酸改性复合材料的官能团和表面形貌的变化。未改性壳聚糖的吸收谱带范围为3533 cm -1 ~ 3942 cm -1，均属于O-H伸缩振动，而伯胺和叔胺在3417 cm -1、3317 cm -1、3286 cm -1和3217cm -1处的吸收谱带属于N-H伸缩振动。在1496cm -1处，酰胺II对应的高深吸附峰近似匹配- nh2的拉伸，这是n -乙酰化的特征带。未改性和聚乳酸改性壳聚糖复合材料在500倍和1500倍放大下的SEM图像显示，其表面粗糙，具有明显的孔隙，典型和明显的不规则性，是理想的吸附材料。聚乳酸改性壳聚糖的形貌发生了明显的变化，其表面性能较弱，表面结构更光滑，孔隙结构减少。壳聚糖和接枝到聚合物链上的聚乳酸之间的离子活性程度与形态变异有关。这些样品作为潜在的生物吸附剂，通过平衡从废水中吸收尿素。对20100mg/L的尿素废水进行了吸附实验，研究了接触时间、浓度、温度和pH对尿素去除率的影响。在温度为30℃、pH为2.5的条件下，改性壳聚糖和未改性壳聚糖的最大去除率分别为50.16%和54.33%。吸附实验结果表明，聚乳酸对壳聚糖的改性并没有提高壳聚糖的吸附能力，但壳聚糖的溶解度和抗酸性降解能力得到了改善。因此，从尿素吸收的角度出发，开发具有较好吸附能力的壳聚糖材料是非常可行的。
{"title":"Environmental Friendly Natural Polymer and Its Polylactic Acid Modified Composite Synthesized from <i>Thais Coronata </i>Shell for Urea Uptake from Waste Water by Equilibration","authors":"Okolie Davidson, Adowei Pereware, Charles Ikenna Osu","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20230801.11","url":null,"abstract":": CHITOSAN was extracted from Thais Coronata shell and modified with poly-lactic acid by gelation method to derive its poly-lactic chitosan nano-composite. Both the chitosan and the polylactic acid modified composite where analyzed using FT-IR and SEM for changes in functional group and surface morphology. A spectrum of unmodified chitosan with absorption bands ranging from 3533 cm -1 to 3942 cm -1 , all attributed to O-H stretching vibrations, and a cluster of bands attributed to N-H stretching vibrations of primary and secondary amine at 3417 cm -1 , 3317 cm -1 , 3286 cm -1 , and 3217cm -1 . The -NH 2 stretching is approximated matched by the high and deep adsorption peak at 1496cm -1 corresponding to Amide II, which is a characteristic band of N-acetylation. SEM images of unmodified and poly-lactic acid modified chitosan composites at 500 and 1500x magnification reveals a rough surface with significant pores, typified and notable irregularities that are ideal for adsorption. The morphology of the poly-lactic acid modified chitosan has changed significantly in relation to its weak surface properties, with a smoother surface domain and reduced pore structure. The degree of ionic activity between chitosan and the poly lactic acid grafted onto the polymer chain is linked to morphological variability. The samples where investigated as potential bio-sorbents for urea uptake from waste water by equilibration. Adsorption experiments were conducted on 20100mg/L urea wastewater and the effect of contact time, concentration, temperature and pH on urea removal efficiency was studied. At temperature of 30°C and pH of 2.5, maximum removal efficiency of 50.16 and 54.33% were obtained for the modified and un-modified chitosan respectively. Results from adsorption studies revealed that the modification with poly-lactic acid did not enhance adsorption capacity of chitosan, although its solubility and resistance to acidic degradation was improved. The development of chitosan materials with better adsorption capacity in the light of urea uptake is therefore very feasible.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-10","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117138442","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-22DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20210603.12
Tahir Abdela, A. Sufiyan, Befkadu Mewded, K. Gemechu
This study was conducted on Hamdo Natural Forest located in Gursum woreda, east Hararghe Zone. The aim of this study was to assess floristic composition, population structure and identifying regeneration status. Systematic sampling method was employed to collect vegetation data by focusing on vegetation homogeneity. A total of 36 quadrats having (30x30m=900 m2) size were sampled. Within each of main quadrat all woody species>2.5cm dbh and 2m height was measured dbh and height. where species <2.5 and <2m height was counted within sub-plot 1mx1m size laid at four corners each and one at the center of the large plot to assess regeneration status. The collected data was organized first on excel and analysis by shaman index and IVI. A total of 50 plant species, representing 36 families and 24 genera were recorded from study area. Fabaceae was the dominant family represented by 3 genera and 10 species. Followed by Anacardiaceae had (6 species, 25%). Combretaceae, Oleaceae and Tiliaceae were the third highest family (3species, 12.5%). The total density of seedling, sapling and mature tree in Hamdo forest was 1007, 648, and 1651 individuals per ha respectively whereas the basal area of the forest was 30.4 m2ha-1. The evidence of population structure and regeneration status of the forest showed the existence of anthropogenic disturbances like overgrazing, illegal cutting of tree for fire wood charcoal and construction. Hence, the establishment of in-situ site through exclosure was sound approach for the sustainable conservation of the study are biodiversity before threatened.
{"title":"Floristic Composition, Structure and Regeneration Status of Hamdo Natural Forest, Gursum Woreda East Hararghe Zone, Ethiopia","authors":"Tahir Abdela, A. Sufiyan, Befkadu Mewded, K. Gemechu","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20210603.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20210603.12","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted on Hamdo Natural Forest located in Gursum woreda, east Hararghe Zone. The aim of this study was to assess floristic composition, population structure and identifying regeneration status. Systematic sampling method was employed to collect vegetation data by focusing on vegetation homogeneity. A total of 36 quadrats having (30x30m=900 m2) size were sampled. Within each of main quadrat all woody species>2.5cm dbh and 2m height was measured dbh and height. where species <2.5 and <2m height was counted within sub-plot 1mx1m size laid at four corners each and one at the center of the large plot to assess regeneration status. The collected data was organized first on excel and analysis by shaman index and IVI. A total of 50 plant species, representing 36 families and 24 genera were recorded from study area. Fabaceae was the dominant family represented by 3 genera and 10 species. Followed by Anacardiaceae had (6 species, 25%). Combretaceae, Oleaceae and Tiliaceae were the third highest family (3species, 12.5%). The total density of seedling, sapling and mature tree in Hamdo forest was 1007, 648, and 1651 individuals per ha respectively whereas the basal area of the forest was 30.4 m2ha-1. The evidence of population structure and regeneration status of the forest showed the existence of anthropogenic disturbances like overgrazing, illegal cutting of tree for fire wood charcoal and construction. Hence, the establishment of in-situ site through exclosure was sound approach for the sustainable conservation of the study are biodiversity before threatened.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"61 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-22","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114079363","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.11
L. Romantschuk, V. Ustymenko, P. Didenko
This study was conducted in order to define the main physical and chemical properties of the soil, data on the accumulation as well as transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the main components of the forest biocenosis of the Drevlyansky Nature Reserve, which is located in the area affected by radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophy. The processes of radionuclide migration by the soil profile have been studied, the highest level of pollution density in the upper soil layers has been noted in the layers of 0-2, 2-4 cm. The analysis of the main agrophysical indicators of soils is carried out in the main forest types of for the territory of the Drevlyansky Nature Reserve. The process of radionuclides migration from soil to plants was also studied by determining the coefficient of soil to plant transfer factor (TF) and accumulation (A) of such radionuclides as 137Cs and 90Sr. The maximum transition coefficient was recorded during migration to Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill., – 33,38 for 137Cs and 34,97 for 90Sr and the lowest to Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. – 2,38 for 137Cs and 9,27 for 90Sr An increase in the transition coefficient was observed with increasing of soil moisture.
{"title":"Accumulation and Distribution of 137Cs and 90Sr Radionuclides in the Forests of the «Drevlyansky» Nature Reserve","authors":"L. Romantschuk, V. Ustymenko, P. Didenko","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.11","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted in order to define the main physical and chemical properties of the soil, data on the accumulation as well as transfer of 137Cs and 90Sr radionuclides in the main components of the forest biocenosis of the Drevlyansky Nature Reserve, which is located in the area affected by radiation from the Chernobyl nuclear power plant catastrophy. The processes of radionuclide migration by the soil profile have been studied, the highest level of pollution density in the upper soil layers has been noted in the layers of 0-2, 2-4 cm. The analysis of the main agrophysical indicators of soils is carried out in the main forest types of for the territory of the Drevlyansky Nature Reserve. The process of radionuclides migration from soil to plants was also studied by determining the coefficient of soil to plant transfer factor (TF) and accumulation (A) of such radionuclides as 137Cs and 90Sr. The maximum transition coefficient was recorded during migration to Calluna vulgaris (L.) Hill., – 33,38 for 137Cs and 34,97 for 90Sr and the lowest to Vaccinium vitis-idaea L. – 2,38 for 137Cs and 9,27 for 90Sr An increase in the transition coefficient was observed with increasing of soil moisture.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"75 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128403264","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-08DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.12
L. Romanchuk, P. Didenko, N. Sus, V. Ustymenko, A. Orlovskyi
Low Ca/Mn ratios in soils are considered one of the causes of forest decline in the northern hemisphere, in particular, Scots pine forest decline. Nevertheless, there are little data on the growth and development of forest trees, especially Scots pine, under different soil concentrations of calcium and manganese. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate Scots pine seedlings' height growth under different Ca/Mn soil ratios. For this purpose, we measured the height of 8-month-old Scots pine seedlings that grew on two adjacent plots, whose soils had different origins and, therefore, differed significantly in their properties. Some of these soil properties, namely exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity, the sum of absorbed bases, the content of humus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and calcium, mobile sulfur and phosphorus, mobile compounds of copper, zinc, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and manganese, were determined by various methods. Pairwise comparison of values of listed above properties of soils from these experimental plots revealed that these soils differed significantly in manganese and calcium content and acid-basic properties. Therefore, as the ratio of molal concentrations of exchangeable calcium to manganese mobile compounds (Ca/Mn ratio) in the soil is a parameter that combines those soil properties that differed significantly between the two plots, we used the one-way ANOVA to verify the association between Ca/Mn ratio and Scots pine seedlings' height growth rate. As a result, this analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean height between Scots pine seedlings that grew under relatively low (45.28/1) and relatively high Ca/Mn ratio (195.12/1) in soil. Nevertheless, although the mean height of Scots pine seedlings that grew at the ratio of 45.28/1 was approximately 1.6 times lower than seedlings that grew at the ratio of 195.12/1, the optimum value of the Ca/Mn ratio in the soil for Scots pine remains unknown. In addition, the hypothesis that untested soil properties have also caused the differences in the mean height of seedlings was not rejected. Thus, the impact of the Ca/Mn ratio together with the potential impact of untested soil properties on the growth and development of Scots pine and the optimum value of this ratio for this species needs to be investigated in further studies.
{"title":"Scots Pine Seedlings Growth Under Different Ca/Mn Soil Ratios","authors":"L. Romanchuk, P. Didenko, N. Sus, V. Ustymenko, A. Orlovskyi","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210602.12","url":null,"abstract":"Low Ca/Mn ratios in soils are considered one of the causes of forest decline in the northern hemisphere, in particular, Scots pine forest decline. Nevertheless, there are little data on the growth and development of forest trees, especially Scots pine, under different soil concentrations of calcium and manganese. Therefore, the present study aims to estimate Scots pine seedlings' height growth under different Ca/Mn soil ratios. For this purpose, we measured the height of 8-month-old Scots pine seedlings that grew on two adjacent plots, whose soils had different origins and, therefore, differed significantly in their properties. Some of these soil properties, namely exchangeable and hydrolytic acidity, the sum of absorbed bases, the content of humus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, exchangeable potassium and calcium, mobile sulfur and phosphorus, mobile compounds of copper, zinc, cobalt, cadmium, lead, and manganese, were determined by various methods. Pairwise comparison of values of listed above properties of soils from these experimental plots revealed that these soils differed significantly in manganese and calcium content and acid-basic properties. Therefore, as the ratio of molal concentrations of exchangeable calcium to manganese mobile compounds (Ca/Mn ratio) in the soil is a parameter that combines those soil properties that differed significantly between the two plots, we used the one-way ANOVA to verify the association between Ca/Mn ratio and Scots pine seedlings' height growth rate. As a result, this analysis revealed a statistically significant difference (p < 0.05) in mean height between Scots pine seedlings that grew under relatively low (45.28/1) and relatively high Ca/Mn ratio (195.12/1) in soil. Nevertheless, although the mean height of Scots pine seedlings that grew at the ratio of 45.28/1 was approximately 1.6 times lower than seedlings that grew at the ratio of 195.12/1, the optimum value of the Ca/Mn ratio in the soil for Scots pine remains unknown. In addition, the hypothesis that untested soil properties have also caused the differences in the mean height of seedlings was not rejected. Thus, the impact of the Ca/Mn ratio together with the potential impact of untested soil properties on the growth and development of Scots pine and the optimum value of this ratio for this species needs to be investigated in further studies.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"187 2","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114105303","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-30DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210601.15
S. Ozovehe, Arimoro Francis Ofurum, Ayanwale Adesola Victoria, Mohammad Hadiza Lami
The anthropogenic activities culminating in environmental pollution usually lead to release of plethora of pollutants such as cadmium calls for concern. The effects of CdCl2 on the production of aspartate amino transferase (AST) in C. gariepinus and how they can be ameliorated through administration of vitamins were investigated. C. gariepinus fingerlings (whose initial weight ranged from 3-11g) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Cd (00, 12mg/L, 16mg/L, 20mg/L and 24mg/L) with replicate in each case. In each case, 12mg/L of the vitamin was administered across all buds. Fresh concentrations of both toxicant and vitamins were administered every 72 hours for a period of 12 weeks every time the water medium was changed. The various treatments group include Cd only, CdVA, CdVC and CdVE. 3 samples of the fish were randomly selected and sacrificed from each aquarium tank every 2 weeks of the exposure period. The gills, kidneys and liver were excised from these specimens and homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer. From the results: in Cd only, the highest AST produced in the liver was 135.00±0.18nM/mg in T1. The highest AST produced in the kidneys of the fish was 145.00±0.18nM/mg in T3. The highest AST produced in the gill was 137.97±0.09nM/mg in T1. In CDVA samples, the highest AST produced in the liver was 132.19±0.18nM/mg in T4. The highest AST produced in the kidneys was 113.91±0.09nM/mg in T1. In the gills, the highest AST value was 120.94±0.36nM/mg in T1. In the samples exposed to CdVC, the highest AST produced in the liver was 128.44±0.36nM/mg in T1. The highest mean value of AST produced in the kidneys was 114.84±0.09nM/mg in T3. In the gills of the samples, the highest AST value was 125.16±0.27nM/mg in T2. In CdVE samples, the highest AST produced in the liver was 150.63±0.18nM/mg in T2. The kidneys’ highest AST value of 125.78±0.27nM/mg was recorded in T4. In the gills of the samples, the highest AST produced in the gills of the fish was 133.28±0.09nM/mg in T1. There were general high production levels of AST in all treatments with the highest values recorded in the liver of CdVA, CdVC and CdVE groups mostly in samples exposed to lower concentrations. The kidneys in the Cd only group however, produced the highest AST value. The high production values of AST in all treatments suggest that the enzyme is a good biomarker of oxidative stress elicited by the presence of the toxicant.
{"title":"Evaluation of the Ameliorative Roles of Vitamins A, C and E on Aspartate Amino Transferase in Clarias gariepinus (Burchell, 1822) Fingerlings Exposed to Camium Chloride","authors":"S. Ozovehe, Arimoro Francis Ofurum, Ayanwale Adesola Victoria, Mohammad Hadiza Lami","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20210601.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210601.15","url":null,"abstract":"The anthropogenic activities culminating in environmental pollution usually lead to release of plethora of pollutants such as cadmium calls for concern. The effects of CdCl2 on the production of aspartate amino transferase (AST) in C. gariepinus and how they can be ameliorated through administration of vitamins were investigated. C. gariepinus fingerlings (whose initial weight ranged from 3-11g) were exposed to sub-lethal concentrations of Cd (00, 12mg/L, 16mg/L, 20mg/L and 24mg/L) with replicate in each case. In each case, 12mg/L of the vitamin was administered across all buds. Fresh concentrations of both toxicant and vitamins were administered every 72 hours for a period of 12 weeks every time the water medium was changed. The various treatments group include Cd only, CdVA, CdVC and CdVE. 3 samples of the fish were randomly selected and sacrificed from each aquarium tank every 2 weeks of the exposure period. The gills, kidneys and liver were excised from these specimens and homogenized in sodium phosphate buffer. From the results: in Cd only, the highest AST produced in the liver was 135.00±0.18nM/mg in T1. The highest AST produced in the kidneys of the fish was 145.00±0.18nM/mg in T3. The highest AST produced in the gill was 137.97±0.09nM/mg in T1. In CDVA samples, the highest AST produced in the liver was 132.19±0.18nM/mg in T4. The highest AST produced in the kidneys was 113.91±0.09nM/mg in T1. In the gills, the highest AST value was 120.94±0.36nM/mg in T1. In the samples exposed to CdVC, the highest AST produced in the liver was 128.44±0.36nM/mg in T1. The highest mean value of AST produced in the kidneys was 114.84±0.09nM/mg in T3. In the gills of the samples, the highest AST value was 125.16±0.27nM/mg in T2. In CdVE samples, the highest AST produced in the liver was 150.63±0.18nM/mg in T2. The kidneys’ highest AST value of 125.78±0.27nM/mg was recorded in T4. In the gills of the samples, the highest AST produced in the gills of the fish was 133.28±0.09nM/mg in T1. There were general high production levels of AST in all treatments with the highest values recorded in the liver of CdVA, CdVC and CdVE groups mostly in samples exposed to lower concentrations. The kidneys in the Cd only group however, produced the highest AST value. The high production values of AST in all treatments suggest that the enzyme is a good biomarker of oxidative stress elicited by the presence of the toxicant.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133897708","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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