Pub Date : 2019-12-05DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.13
Mekuleyi Gabriel Olarinde, Anetekhai Martins Agenuma, Anosh Joseph, A. Abosede
The status of Agboju, Ajegunle, Topo and Gbaji water bodies in Badagry Division of Lagos State, Nigeria was evaluated between April and November 2018 in order to determine the suitability of the ecosystem to biota and safety of the aquatic resources for human consumption. Some environmental variables such as alkalinity, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), carbon (iv) oxide (CO2), total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, sulphate and nitrate, and some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in water, sediment, aquatic plant (Eichhornia crassipes) and fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) were measured using standard procedures. The results showed that BOD, COD, total hardness and turbidity values were above the standard permissible limits. Cd in water column of Agboju and Ajegunle, and Pb recorded from Agboju, Ajegunle and Topo, exceeded standard permissible limit. Cu (0.56±0.54), Zn (5.45±0.89), Pb (0.54±0.47) and Cr (0.455±0.375) contents in E. fimbriata (from Ajegunle) was slightly above permissible limits while Cd and Fe contents in the fish across the four stations were above permissible limits. Contamination factor, Index of geochemical accumulation and enrichment factor showed moderate degree of contamination of cadmium and Fe in the sediment. This preliminary study could be concluded that the biota can still survive in the ecosystems despite high contamination of the water bodies with metals. However, human consumption of several of E. fimbriata and water could cause health hazard. Therefore, urgent effort should be made by all users of the ecosystem to decline in discharging untreated waste into these water bodies.
{"title":"Environmental Health Status of Some Aquatic Ecosystems in Badagry Division, Lagos, Nigeria","authors":"Mekuleyi Gabriel Olarinde, Anetekhai Martins Agenuma, Anosh Joseph, A. Abosede","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.13","url":null,"abstract":"The status of Agboju, Ajegunle, Topo and Gbaji water bodies in Badagry Division of Lagos State, Nigeria was evaluated between April and November 2018 in order to determine the suitability of the ecosystem to biota and safety of the aquatic resources for human consumption. Some environmental variables such as alkalinity, temperature, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), conductivity, total dissolved solid (TDS), carbon (iv) oxide (CO2), total hardness, chemical oxygen demand (COD), turbidity, phosphate, dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, salinity, sulphate and nitrate, and some heavy metals (Fe, Cu, Zn, Pb, Cd and Cr) in water, sediment, aquatic plant (Eichhornia crassipes) and fish (Ethmalosa fimbriata) were measured using standard procedures. The results showed that BOD, COD, total hardness and turbidity values were above the standard permissible limits. Cd in water column of Agboju and Ajegunle, and Pb recorded from Agboju, Ajegunle and Topo, exceeded standard permissible limit. Cu (0.56±0.54), Zn (5.45±0.89), Pb (0.54±0.47) and Cr (0.455±0.375) contents in E. fimbriata (from Ajegunle) was slightly above permissible limits while Cd and Fe contents in the fish across the four stations were above permissible limits. Contamination factor, Index of geochemical accumulation and enrichment factor showed moderate degree of contamination of cadmium and Fe in the sediment. This preliminary study could be concluded that the biota can still survive in the ecosystems despite high contamination of the water bodies with metals. However, human consumption of several of E. fimbriata and water could cause health hazard. Therefore, urgent effort should be made by all users of the ecosystem to decline in discharging untreated waste into these water bodies.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-12-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115640154","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-31DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.11
Samia M. El-Mahdy, S. Mehanna, Usama M. Mahmoud, F. I. El-Gammal
The present study is the first study on the population dynamics and management of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus in the Egyptian sector of Red Sea. A total of 729 specimens were monthly collected from the Egyptian Red Sea during January 2015 to December 2015. Results showed that, the longevity of A. bifasciatus is 9 years in the Egyptian Red Sea and age group three was the most frequent one for combined sexes forming up to 26.61% of the total catch. The age group one was absent in the collected samples and the highest growth in length was observed at the end of the second year of life (24.6 cm) after which the annual increment decreases gradually with increase in age. The growth in weight was isometric. The length at first capture was 25.31 cm with corresponding age 2.22 year. The total, natural and fishing mortality were estimated as 1.99, 0.46 and 1.53 yr-1, respectively. The exploitation ratio E was estimated at 0.77 indicating a high level of exploitation. The yield per recruit analysis showed that the present level of fishing mortality is much higher than that gives the maximum yield per recruit by about 48% and the reduction of current level of fishing mortality coefficient from 1.53 to 0.8 / y will be associated with an increase in the yield per recruit from 242.71 to 250.56 g (≈3%).
{"title":"Population Dynamics and Management of Two-barred Seabream Acanthopagrus bifasciatus in the Red Sea, Egypt","authors":"Samia M. El-Mahdy, S. Mehanna, Usama M. Mahmoud, F. I. El-Gammal","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190404.11","url":null,"abstract":"The present study is the first study on the population dynamics and management of the Acanthopagrus bifasciatus in the Egyptian sector of Red Sea. A total of 729 specimens were monthly collected from the Egyptian Red Sea during January 2015 to December 2015. Results showed that, the longevity of A. bifasciatus is 9 years in the Egyptian Red Sea and age group three was the most frequent one for combined sexes forming up to 26.61% of the total catch. The age group one was absent in the collected samples and the highest growth in length was observed at the end of the second year of life (24.6 cm) after which the annual increment decreases gradually with increase in age. The growth in weight was isometric. The length at first capture was 25.31 cm with corresponding age 2.22 year. The total, natural and fishing mortality were estimated as 1.99, 0.46 and 1.53 yr-1, respectively. The exploitation ratio E was estimated at 0.77 indicating a high level of exploitation. The yield per recruit analysis showed that the present level of fishing mortality is much higher than that gives the maximum yield per recruit by about 48% and the reduction of current level of fishing mortality coefficient from 1.53 to 0.8 / y will be associated with an increase in the yield per recruit from 242.71 to 250.56 g (≈3%).","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130822480","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-10-09DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.13
E. Mohamed, M. Ahmed, S. Nassar
This investigation was isolated forty-three spoilage yeasts from twelve different spoilage food sources included (guava, tomato, strawberry, pickled carrot, orange juice, grape, date, cheese, potato, okra, onion and dough) by used three kinds of media (PDA, MYEA and MEA) and three isolation techniques (touch, direct and dilution plate methods). The result recorded that the guava represent the richest sources with 15 yeasts isolated. The MYEA medium represented the most suitable medium for isolation of yeast from these sources and recorded 35 yeasts isolates, and also the result show that 28 yeasts isolates were isolated by direct plate method which represented the most suitable techniques for yeast isolation from the previous sources. The isolated yeast was classified according to their colony colors into four categories includes white, off-white, creamy and red colors. The total numbers of isolated yeast and its kinds are affected by the source, techniques, and media used in isolations. The ability of all isolated yeasts was screened for phenol and flavonoid productivity. The highest productive phenol and flavonoid yeasts were selected for identifying by molecular techniques, performed by phenotypic characteristics and ITS region. Also, those highest phenols and flavonoid producers strains were confirmed their productivity by using HPLC analysis.
{"title":"Isolation and Molecular Identification of Yeasts in Different Food Stuff and Determine Their Abilities for Phenols and Flavonoids Productivity by HPLC Analysis","authors":"E. Mohamed, M. Ahmed, S. Nassar","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.13","url":null,"abstract":"This investigation was isolated forty-three spoilage yeasts from twelve different spoilage food sources included (guava, tomato, strawberry, pickled carrot, orange juice, grape, date, cheese, potato, okra, onion and dough) by used three kinds of media (PDA, MYEA and MEA) and three isolation techniques (touch, direct and dilution plate methods). The result recorded that the guava represent the richest sources with 15 yeasts isolated. The MYEA medium represented the most suitable medium for isolation of yeast from these sources and recorded 35 yeasts isolates, and also the result show that 28 yeasts isolates were isolated by direct plate method which represented the most suitable techniques for yeast isolation from the previous sources. The isolated yeast was classified according to their colony colors into four categories includes white, off-white, creamy and red colors. The total numbers of isolated yeast and its kinds are affected by the source, techniques, and media used in isolations. The ability of all isolated yeasts was screened for phenol and flavonoid productivity. The highest productive phenol and flavonoid yeasts were selected for identifying by molecular techniques, performed by phenotypic characteristics and ITS region. Also, those highest phenols and flavonoid producers strains were confirmed their productivity by using HPLC analysis.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-10-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129342060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-09-24DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.12
H. Nasr, M. Yousef, H. Madkour
There are many researches illustrated that almost lots mankind is suffering from shortage fresh water supply, both of quality and quantity. Considering water inadequate concerns approximately 80 countries and has caused some dangerous results in many places. The water shortage phenomenon is becoming a serious worldwide problem that impacts people’s daily life and obstacle the social development. Because of the population increasing and expansion of industrial and agricultural activities, the governments of many countries get one’s way to implement the desalination plants. A desalination plants is an industrial system that would have the potential to have an effect on environmental ecosystem. This study monitored variety of environmental impacts can be caused by desalination plants. It’s considers a case study for two of the desalination plants located at Shalateen city at Red sea governorate namely; Marsa Humira and Shalateen desalination plants. The investigation unconcealed that there are distinct impacts of the reject water on the marine ecosystem in the front of the two studied stations. The photographs that has been taken to the biota exist in the marine area around the stations elucidated some of coral reefs affected by the discharge of the saline reject around. Coral reef and sea grass are the most biota affected due to the salty discharges that exceed the safe limits for those to be in a healthy condition.
{"title":"Impacts of Discharge of Desalination Plants on Marine Environment at the Southern Part of the Egyptian Red Sea Coast (Case Study)","authors":"H. Nasr, M. Yousef, H. Madkour","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20190403.12","url":null,"abstract":"There are many researches illustrated that almost lots mankind is suffering from shortage fresh water supply, both of quality and quantity. Considering water inadequate concerns approximately 80 countries and has caused some dangerous results in many places. The water shortage phenomenon is becoming a serious worldwide problem that impacts people’s daily life and obstacle the social development. Because of the population increasing and expansion of industrial and agricultural activities, the governments of many countries get one’s way to implement the desalination plants. A desalination plants is an industrial system that would have the potential to have an effect on environmental ecosystem. This study monitored variety of environmental impacts can be caused by desalination plants. It’s considers a case study for two of the desalination plants located at Shalateen city at Red sea governorate namely; Marsa Humira and Shalateen desalination plants. The investigation unconcealed that there are distinct impacts of the reject water on the marine ecosystem in the front of the two studied stations. The photographs that has been taken to the biota exist in the marine area around the stations elucidated some of coral reefs affected by the discharge of the saline reject around. Coral reef and sea grass are the most biota affected due to the salty discharges that exceed the safe limits for those to be in a healthy condition.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"6 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-09-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126401723","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-05-06DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190402.11
A. Zayed, A. Mostafa, W. Moselhy, Hanaa I. Mahmoud, Shaimaa H. Hassan
By transmitting major human diseases, mosquito species represent a serious threat worldwide in terms of public health. Most vector control programmes aiming to control life-threatening mosquitoes rely on the use of chemical insecticides. For the reason that only a few insecticides are used for public health, maintaining the efficacy of control programmes mostly relies on resistance management strategies. Development of such strategies requires understanding the factors influencing resistance together with characterizing the mechanisms involved. In this context, the present study aims to update current knowledge about the effect of temperature on the mosquito Culex pipiens population response to chemical insecticides. The results demonstrated that alteration of the temperature significantly affects Cx. pipiens populations. High temperature (25, 30°C) resulted in high survival rate (90, 95% respectively); while at temperature 20°C the survival rate was 80%. Egg hatching percentage was 95% after 24 h, at temperature 30°C and 50% after 24h, 50% after 48h at 25°C; however at 20°C egg hatching percentage was 100% after 48 h. In case of Cx. pipiens larvae that were reared under various temperatures pupated on day 5, 9 and 12 at 30°C, 25°C and 20°C, respectively. At high temperature 30°C, females emerged before males. On the other hand resistance of all Cx. pipiens populations to the selected chemical insecticides decreased with raising temperature. The obtained results also showed that there was significant change in acetylcholinesterase and glutathione -S-transferase level in both larvae and adult due to temperature changing. These results indicate that temperature is an important parameter that must be considered during the application of chemical assays or control of Cx. pipiens populations.
蚊子传播人类主要疾病，对全世界的公共卫生构成严重威胁。大多数旨在控制威胁生命的蚊子的病媒控制规划依赖于使用化学杀虫剂。由于只有少数杀虫剂用于公共卫生，维持控制规划的效力主要依靠耐药性管理战略。制定这种战略需要了解影响耐药性的因素，并确定所涉及的机制。在此背景下，本研究旨在更新目前关于温度对库蚊种群对化学杀虫剂反应的影响的知识。结果表明，温度的变化对Cx有显著影响。侵害人群。高温(25、30℃)存活率高(分别为90%、95%);在温度为20℃时，存活率为80%。在温度为30℃时，24h孵化率为95%，24h孵化率为50%，25℃时孵化率为48h孵化率为50%;而在20℃条件下，48 h后蛋孵化率为100%。在30℃、25℃和20℃条件下，不同温度饲养的库蚊幼虫分别于第5、9和12天化蛹。在30℃高温下，雌性先于雄性出现。另一方面，所有Cx的电阻。随着温度的升高，化学杀虫剂对库蚊种群的影响减小。结果还表明，随着温度的变化，幼虫和成虫体内乙酰胆碱酯酶和谷胱甘肽- s -转移酶水平均发生了显著变化。这些结果表明，温度是应用化学分析或控制Cx时必须考虑的一个重要参数。侵害人群。
{"title":"Influence of Temperature Change on the Growth and Susceptibility of the Common House Mosquito, Culex pipiens in Egypt to Some Insecticides","authors":"A. Zayed, A. Mostafa, W. Moselhy, Hanaa I. Mahmoud, Shaimaa H. Hassan","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190402.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190402.11","url":null,"abstract":"By transmitting major human diseases, mosquito species represent a serious threat worldwide in terms of public health. Most vector control programmes aiming to control life-threatening mosquitoes rely on the use of chemical insecticides. For the reason that only a few insecticides are used for public health, maintaining the efficacy of control programmes mostly relies on resistance management strategies. Development of such strategies requires understanding the factors influencing resistance together with characterizing the mechanisms involved. In this context, the present study aims to update current knowledge about the effect of temperature on the mosquito Culex pipiens population response to chemical insecticides. The results demonstrated that alteration of the temperature significantly affects Cx. pipiens populations. High temperature (25, 30°C) resulted in high survival rate (90, 95% respectively); while at temperature 20°C the survival rate was 80%. Egg hatching percentage was 95% after 24 h, at temperature 30°C and 50% after 24h, 50% after 48h at 25°C; however at 20°C egg hatching percentage was 100% after 48 h. In case of Cx. pipiens larvae that were reared under various temperatures pupated on day 5, 9 and 12 at 30°C, 25°C and 20°C, respectively. At high temperature 30°C, females emerged before males. On the other hand resistance of all Cx. pipiens populations to the selected chemical insecticides decreased with raising temperature. The obtained results also showed that there was significant change in acetylcholinesterase and glutathione -S-transferase level in both larvae and adult due to temperature changing. These results indicate that temperature is an important parameter that must be considered during the application of chemical assays or control of Cx. pipiens populations.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-05-06","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115031821","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-04-13DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.14
Yitagesu Tadesse, A. Chala, B. Kassa
Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The current research was conducted to determine the impact of wheat varieties and fungicides on disease development and wheat yield. Besides, the effect of bread wheat varieties and fungicides on STB development, wheat yield was evaluated at Holleta and Kulumsa in a factorial field experiment involving three bread wheat varieties and six fungicide spray schedules. At Holetta, variety Kekeba had the highest AUDPC (2548) value followed by Madawalabu and Alidoro; whereas at Kulumsa the highest AUDPC (1509) was recorded on variety Madawalabu followed by Alidoro and Kekeba varieties. STB incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the application of fungicides across varieties but fungicide-variety combinations had differential effects on disease development. Wheat grain yields were the lowest from unsprayed plots regardless of variety and location. Kekeba variety treated with Mancozeb-Tilt-Mancozeb-Tilt (MTMT) fungicide combination produced the highest yield (5.05t/ha). The highest (577.31%) and lowest (-19.95%) marginal rate of return were obtained from Tilt and MTMT sprayed fields at Holetta planted with Kekeba and Madawalabu varieties, respectively. On the other hand, at Kulumsa, the highest marginal rate of return (886.88%) and the lowest marginal rate of return (-63.98%) was obtained from Tilt and Mancozeb sprays on Madawalabu and Alidoro varieties, respectively. The present findings confirmed the importance of STB in Ethiopia and the role fungicides play in managing the disease on partially resistant varieties.
{"title":"Management of Septoria Tritici Blotch (Septoria tritici) of Bread Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) in the Central Highlands of Ethiopia","authors":"Yitagesu Tadesse, A. Chala, B. Kassa","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.14","url":null,"abstract":"Septoria tritici blotch (STB) is an economically important foliar disease in the major wheat-growing areas of Ethiopia. The current research was conducted to determine the impact of wheat varieties and fungicides on disease development and wheat yield. Besides, the effect of bread wheat varieties and fungicides on STB development, wheat yield was evaluated at Holleta and Kulumsa in a factorial field experiment involving three bread wheat varieties and six fungicide spray schedules. At Holetta, variety Kekeba had the highest AUDPC (2548) value followed by Madawalabu and Alidoro; whereas at Kulumsa the highest AUDPC (1509) was recorded on variety Madawalabu followed by Alidoro and Kekeba varieties. STB incidence and severity were significantly reduced by the application of fungicides across varieties but fungicide-variety combinations had differential effects on disease development. Wheat grain yields were the lowest from unsprayed plots regardless of variety and location. Kekeba variety treated with Mancozeb-Tilt-Mancozeb-Tilt (MTMT) fungicide combination produced the highest yield (5.05t/ha). The highest (577.31%) and lowest (-19.95%) marginal rate of return were obtained from Tilt and MTMT sprayed fields at Holetta planted with Kekeba and Madawalabu varieties, respectively. On the other hand, at Kulumsa, the highest marginal rate of return (886.88%) and the lowest marginal rate of return (-63.98%) was obtained from Tilt and Mancozeb sprays on Madawalabu and Alidoro varieties, respectively. The present findings confirmed the importance of STB in Ethiopia and the role fungicides play in managing the disease on partially resistant varieties.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"150 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-04-13","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132516689","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-14DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.13
Mostafa . A. Khaled, F. Muller‐Karger, A. Obuid-Allah, M. Ahmed, S. El-Kafrawy
The Egyptian Red Sea coast has experienced rapid development since the 1970’s. In particular, the coastal area near the City of Hurghada has been transformed into a long strip of touristic villages and hotels in this short time span. This is an area that has historically had abundant and diverse coral reef communities. To assess possible impacts on benthic coral reef cover in the region, Landsat satellite data collected over the Red Sea from 1973 through 2015 were analyzed to estimate urban expansion in the Hurghada region, shoreline changes, and changes in coral reef cover over time. A time series of satellite observations using Landsat 1-MSS, Landsat 5-TM, Landsat 7-ETM+, and Landsat 8-OLI was assembled, with images acquired in 1973, 1984, 1987, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2010, and 2015. Images were geometrically, radiometrically and atmospherically corrected, and a water-column correction was implemented prior to comparing images to assess change in landcover. The results show that during the last 42 years, the coral reef cover decreased 6.21 Km 2 while the built coastal area increased 13.4 Km 2 . These observations were used to compute total economic value (TEV) of coral reef habitats and the cost of degradation in terms of physical losses of coral reef area which equals about18.63$ Billion.
{"title":"Using Landsat Data to Assess the Status of Coral Reefs Cover along the Red Sea Coast, Egypt","authors":"Mostafa . A. Khaled, F. Muller‐Karger, A. Obuid-Allah, M. Ahmed, S. El-Kafrawy","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.13","url":null,"abstract":"The Egyptian Red Sea coast has experienced rapid development since the 1970’s. In particular, the coastal area near the City of Hurghada has been transformed into a long strip of touristic villages and hotels in this short time span. This is an area that has historically had abundant and diverse coral reef communities. To assess possible impacts on benthic coral reef cover in the region, Landsat satellite data collected over the Red Sea from 1973 through 2015 were analyzed to estimate urban expansion in the Hurghada region, shoreline changes, and changes in coral reef cover over time. A time series of satellite observations using Landsat 1-MSS, Landsat 5-TM, Landsat 7-ETM+, and Landsat 8-OLI was assembled, with images acquired in 1973, 1984, 1987, 1992, 1998, 2000, 2003, 2010, and 2015. Images were geometrically, radiometrically and atmospherically corrected, and a water-column correction was implemented prior to comparing images to assess change in landcover. The results show that during the last 42 years, the coral reef cover decreased 6.21 Km 2 while the built coastal area increased 13.4 Km 2 . These observations were used to compute total economic value (TEV) of coral reef habitats and the cost of degradation in terms of physical losses of coral reef area which equals about18.63$ Billion.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"179 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127043552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2019-03-05DOI: 10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.11
M. Sohail, Muhamad Haider Nasar, Raza Muhammad, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, M. Asif, Jan Muhammad Maari
The reported high loss mortality rate of green lacewing, (Chrysoperla carnea) have been attributed to diverse factors including unattended use of insecticides. Since chemical control is one of a significant practice to manage insect pest in cotton. However, this kind of practice may impair the natural control provided by generalist predator C. carnea. Although, natural control adoption is limited in crops, area and season due to wide-spread use of insecticides but presence of resistance potential in C. carnea may improve the design of solid IPM strategies. Herein, we aimed to assess the toxicity of four insecticides to two strains of C. carnea (viz. laboratory reared and field collected adults) and to evaluate their resistance potential by calculating their resistance ratio. LC50 was calculated at 24 h following topical application administered when the adults were 3 days old. Control adult mortalities were less than 10% at 24 h. The LC50 values (µl mL-1) for laboratory reared strains of each tested insecticide were: acetamiprid, 0.0064; bifenthrin, 3.75; chlorpyrifos, 0.067; and profenofos, 0.052. The LC50 values for field collected strains were 0.096 (acetamiprid), 34.8 (bifenthrin), 0.21 (chlorpyrifos) and 0.44 (profenofos). The toxicity of the test insecticide to C. carnea from more to least toxic was acetamiprid > profenofos > chlorpyrifos > bifenthrin. Field collected strain possessed 15 (acetamiprid)-, 9.28 (bifenthrin)-, 3.13 (chlorpyrifos)-, and 8.5 (profenofos)-fold more resistance than the susceptible population. These results are pretty worthwhile for integration of C. carnea in IPM programs, impairing with insecticides.
{"title":"Resistance Potential of Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) to Insecticides Used Against Sucking Complex of Cotton","authors":"M. Sohail, Muhamad Haider Nasar, Raza Muhammad, Qadeer Ahmed Soomro, M. Asif, Jan Muhammad Maari","doi":"10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.11","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/J.IJEE.20190401.11","url":null,"abstract":"The reported high loss mortality rate of green lacewing, (Chrysoperla carnea) have been attributed to diverse factors including unattended use of insecticides. Since chemical control is one of a significant practice to manage insect pest in cotton. However, this kind of practice may impair the natural control provided by generalist predator C. carnea. Although, natural control adoption is limited in crops, area and season due to wide-spread use of insecticides but presence of resistance potential in C. carnea may improve the design of solid IPM strategies. Herein, we aimed to assess the toxicity of four insecticides to two strains of C. carnea (viz. laboratory reared and field collected adults) and to evaluate their resistance potential by calculating their resistance ratio. LC50 was calculated at 24 h following topical application administered when the adults were 3 days old. Control adult mortalities were less than 10% at 24 h. The LC50 values (µl mL-1) for laboratory reared strains of each tested insecticide were: acetamiprid, 0.0064; bifenthrin, 3.75; chlorpyrifos, 0.067; and profenofos, 0.052. The LC50 values for field collected strains were 0.096 (acetamiprid), 34.8 (bifenthrin), 0.21 (chlorpyrifos) and 0.44 (profenofos). The toxicity of the test insecticide to C. carnea from more to least toxic was acetamiprid > profenofos > chlorpyrifos > bifenthrin. Field collected strain possessed 15 (acetamiprid)-, 9.28 (bifenthrin)-, 3.13 (chlorpyrifos)-, and 8.5 (profenofos)-fold more resistance than the susceptible population. These results are pretty worthwhile for integration of C. carnea in IPM programs, impairing with insecticides.","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2019-03-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130957900","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.12
A. Hussein
{"title":"Links Between Biodiversity, Ecosystems Functions and Services: Systematic Review","authors":"A. Hussein","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.12","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"98 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124876209","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1900-01-01DOI: 10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.13
A. Hussein, Tolesa Negese
{"title":"A Brief Review on Human-Wildlife Conflict and Its Consequence in Ethiopia","authors":"A. Hussein, Tolesa Negese","doi":"10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.11648/j.ijee.20210604.13","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":161728,"journal":{"name":"International Journal of Ecotoxicology and Ecobiology","volume":"35 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1900-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115278087","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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