Journal of Medical Biochemistry最新文献

To investigate the diagnostic value of angiotensin (Ang), gamma-glutamyltransferase (g-GT), blood lactic acid and renal resistive index (RRI) for acute kidney injury (AKI) after neonatal asphyxia.

Background: Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) initiating treatment with glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) may encounter various risks and complications.

Methods: This study randomly assigned 315 patients starting GLP-1RA therapy into a control group (CG, standard treatment + routine care), a placebo group (PG, placebo + routine care), and a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) group (TG, TCM plaster therapy + routine care). The glycemic control, pancreatic function, hematological parameters, renal function, and adverse reactions (ARs) were compared among the groups.

Results: The TG exhibited no significant differences in fasting blood glucose (FBG), postprandial blood glucose at two hours, glycated hemoglobin (Hb), fasting insulin (FINS) levels, b-cell insulin secretion, and insulin resistance (IR) when compared to the CG and the PG (P>0.05). Additionally, there were no significant changes in Hb, white blood cell (WBC) count, and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) in the TG relative to the CG and PG (P>0.05). Renal function indicators revealed that the levels of blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and serum creatinine (Cr) in the TG did not differ significantly from those in the CG and the PG (P>0.05). The incidence of ARs in TG (8.57%) was markedly lower than in PG (17.14%) and CG (18.1%) (P<0.05).

Conclusions: The application of TCM Liangfu Pills via acupoint plaster did not demonstrate significant therapeutic effects on glycemic control, pancreatic function, or routine blood parameters. However, it was effective in significantly reducing the risk of gastrointestinal adverse reactions associated with GLP-1RA therapy.

This commentary critically examines a recent study that assessed the effects of metformin and pioglitazone on oxidative stress in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. The original study utilized multiple biomarkers such as IMA, TOS, TAS, and OSI but observed only limited antioxidant effects and a rise in IMA levels. By referencing additional clinical trials, experimental studies, and reviews, this commentary emphasizes the importance of using broader biomarker panels, extending treatment duration, and interpreting oxidative stress markers with caution in diabetes research.

Background: To investigate the mechanism of miR-4465 targeting PTEN-mediated autophagy of astrocytes in epilepsy.

Methods: Serum samples were collected from epileptic children and healthy children. Extract foreign bodies from serum samples and determine their quality. The exosomes were sequenced, and the abnormal expression of miRNA in patients' serum exosomes was analysed, and the expression of miR-4465 was verified by quantitative PCR. Bioinformatics predicts the size of miR-4465 and makes GO and KEGG analyses. HEK293 cells were cultured, and the relationship between miR-4465 and its target was detected using the double luciferase reporting method. Astrocytes were cultured, and quantitative PCR and WB were used to detect the expression of miR-4465 and PTEN after overexpression. In addition, CCK-8 and WB were used to detect the growth of miR-4465 and the changes of autophagy-related proteins ATG5 and Beclin1, respectively.

Results: miR-4465 was markedly increased in exosomes. The bioinformatic analysis found the differentially expressed target genes of miR-4465 were mainly enriched in molecular binding, molecular function regulation, and other molecular functions and participated in cell adhesion, cell-extracellular matrix receptor interaction, and the Rap1 signalling pathway. PTEN has been predicted as a target gene of miR-4465; meanwhile, the results of the dual-luciferase reporter assay confirmed the interaction between miR-4465 and PTEN. Quantitative PCR, as well as WB results, suggested the level of PTEN was decreased in serum exosomes of patients with epilepsy, while increased miR-4465 expression inhibited expressions of PTEN. CCK-8, as well as WB results, suggested miR-4465 could suppress the growth of astrocytes and promote ATG5 as well as Beclin1 expression; finally, up-regulation of PTEN partially alleviated effects of miR-4465 on astrocytes growth as well as autophagy.

Conclusions: In children with epilepsy, miR-4465 can target and regulate PTEN to promote autophagy in astrocytes.

Background: In this study, we analysed the correlation between polymorphisms in the Vitamin D receptors (VDR) gene at the Apa I and FoK I loci and sports-related fractures (SRF). We also examined the inflammatory cytokines IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10 to explore their potential role in fracture healing.

Methods: A retrospective analysis was conducted on 110 patients with SRF admitted to our hospital from February 2023 to October 2023. Among these, 41 patients with poor fracture healing (research group) and 69 patients with good fracture healing (control group) were included. Serum levels of Vitamin D (VD), bone mineral density (BMD), and inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6, and IL-10) were measured to assess their relationship with fracture healing. Additionally, polymorphisms in the VDR gene at the Apa I and FoK I loci were analysed to determine the differences between the two groups.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder characterised by impaired glucose metabolism, which necessitates comprehensive management of blood glucose (BG), blood pressure, and lipid profiles. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical effects of individualised nutrition and insulin pump therapy, guided by continuous glucose monitoring (CGM) and the Quality Circle Control (QCC) nursing model, on various biomarkers in T2DM patients, including fasting C-peptide (FC-P), fasting plasma glucose (FPG), 2-hour postprandial glucose (2hPG), fasting insulin (FIns), and glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c).

Methods: Eighty T2DM patients treated at our hospital were enrolled in the study between January 2023 and January 2024. Patients were assigned to either the experimental group (EG), which received individualised nutrition and insulin pump therapy supported by CGM and the QCC nursing model, or the regular group (RG), which received standard care. Differences in BG control, insulin usage, CGM system performance (including downtime and anomaly rates), and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.

Results: The EG demonstrated significant improvements in FC-P, FPG, 2hPG, FIns, and HbA1c levels compared to the RG (P<0.05). Specifically, the EG showed more rapid achievement of BG targets, reduced glucose variability, lower insulin usage, and decreased CGM system anomalies.

Conclusions: The QCC nursing model, when integrated with individualised nutrition and insulin pump therapy guided by CGM, significantly enhances blood glucose control, optimises insulin therapy, and improves patient outcomes, including dietary habits, quality of life, and reduction in hypoglycemic events. This model shows promise as an effective strategy for managing T2DM and warrants further adoption in clinical practice.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the protective effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) on renal damage in diabetic patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing partial nephrectomy. Specifically, it focused on oxidative stress markers, inflammatory cytokines, and the TGF-b1/Smad signalling pathway.

Methods: Between August 2022 and July 2024, 100 diabetic patients with renal cell carcinoma undergoing partial nephrectomy were randomly assigned to receive either 1.0 mg/kg of DEX or normal saline (control) during surgery. Blood samples were taken preoperatively, intraoperatively, and postoperatively to measure oxidative stress markers (malondialdehyde [MDA], superoxide dismutase [SOD], glutathione peroxidase [GSH-Px]), inflammatory cytokines (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b), and renal function indicators (BUN, Scr, CysC). The TGF-b1/Smad pathway and renal cell apoptosis were also assessed.

Results: No significant differences in baseline markers were observed between the groups. However, during and after surgery, the DEX group exhibited significantly lower MDA levels and higher SOD and GSH-Px levels (P<0.05), indicating reduced oxidative stress. Inflammatory markers (IL-6, TNF-a, IL-1b) were also lower in the DEX group.

Conclusions: DEX significantly mitigates renal damage in diabetic patients undergoing partial nephrectomy by reducing oxidative stress, inflammation, and apoptosis and by inhibiting the TGF-b1/Smad pathway. These findings suggest its potential as a protective agent for high-risk surgical patients.

Background: This study aimed to compare the anticoagulant efficacy and bleeding risk of systemic heparin versus local sodium citrate anticoagulation in continuous renal replacement therapy (CRRT) for children with sepsis in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Methods: Clinical data from 96 children with sepsis admitted to the ICU of Northwest Women's and Children's Hospital between January 2021 and January 2024 were retrospectively analysed. The children were divided into a control group (CG) and an observation group (OG). Coagulation parameters, the effectiveness of blood purification treatment, and the incidence of bleeding events during CRRT were compared between the two groups.

Results: After treatment, significant increases were observed in activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), prothrombin time (PT), and thrombin time (TT), while fibrinogen (FIB) levels decreased. APTT, PT, and TT showed more significant increases in the OG, and FIB levels were notably reduced. pH, HCO3-, and Na+ levels were significantly different after treatment, and creatinine (Cr) and urea nitrogen (BUN) levels were lower in both groups, with the OG showing a slightly more significant decrease in Cr and BUN compared to the CG. Ionised calcium (iCa2+) levels were higher in the OG than in the CG. The bleeding incidence in the OG was 27.08%, lower than the 35.42% observed in the CG (all P<0.05).

Conclusions: Local sodium citrate anticoagulation demonstrated a favourable anticoagulation effect with a lower bleeding risk than systemic heparin anticoagulation in CRRT for children with sepsis in the ICU.

Background: This study aimed to evaluate the effects of dexmedetomidine (DEX) in patients undergoing valve replacement surgery for rheumatic heart disease (RHD), focusing on its impact on serum levels of inflammatory markers (IL-8, IL-10, TNF-a) and myocardial injury markers (Cardiac Troponin I [cTnI], Creatine Kinase-MB [CK-MB]).

Methods: A total of 140 patients undergoing cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) valve replacement surgery at West China Hospital, Sichuan University, between January 2022 and December 2024 were randomly assigned to two groups: the observation group (DEX) and the control group (normal saline). Key perioperative parameters were analysed, including anaesthetic dosage, myocardial injury markers, immune function (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+ ratio), inflammatory factors, and adverse reactions.

Results: The observation group required significantly lower anaesthetic dosages than the control group. Additionally, the observation group exhibited higher heart rate (HR) at T5 and higher mean arterial pressure (MAP) at T2, T3, and T5 (P< 0.05). Myocardial injury markers (cTnI and CK-MB) were significantly lower in the observation group (P< 0.05). While preoperative cellular immune function (CD4+, CD8+, and CD4+/CD8+) was similar between both groups, postoperative measurements showed significantly higher CD4+ and CD4+/CD8+ ratios, and lower CD8+ in the observation group (P < 0.05). Regarding inflammatory markers, IL-8 and TNF-a levels were significantly lower, while IL-10 was higher in the observation group postoperatively (P < 0 .0 5). There were no significant differences in adverse reactions between the two groups (P > 0 .0 5).

Conclusions: Dexmedetomidine (DEX) reduces anaesthetic usage, supports hemodynamic stability, mitigates myocardial injury, and lowers postoperative inflammatory responses in patients undergoing RHD valve replacement surgery.

Background: To assess the predictive value of drug-resistant proteins - serum glutathione S-transferase (GST-â), P-glycoprotein (PGP), P53, Ki-67 - in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) and their role in chemotherapy resistance. This systematic review and meta-analysis aimed to explore their clinical relevance for improving TNBC treatment outcomes.

Methods: We systematically searched PubMed, Web of Science, CNKI, WanFang, and VIP databases for studies from 2010 to 2024. Studies meeting predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria were selected. Data extraction and quality assessment were performed by two independent researchers. Meta-analysis was conducted using RevMan 5.3 software.

Results: Seven studies were included, involving 1,772 patients, with 745 TNBC cases and 1,027 non-TNBC cases. Meta-analysis showed that in TNBC compared to non-TNBC, the expression rates of GST-â [O R= 3.41, 95% CI (2.21, 5.25), P< 0.00001], PGP [O R= 1.87, 95% CI (1.17, 2.98), P= 0.008], P53 [O R= 3.65, 95% CI (2.25, 5.91), P< 0.00001], and Ki-67 [O R= 1.19, 95% CI (0.54, 1.84), P= 0.0004] were significantly elevated, indicating higher drug resistance. However, no significant differences were found in Topo I, II, or III expression. Additionally, TNBC patients had poorer disease-free survival (DFS) [O R = 0.30, 95% CI (0.15, 0.59), P=0.0005] and overall survival (OS) [O R=0.17, 95% CI (0.11, 0.28), P<0.00001] compared to non-TNBC patients.

Conclusions: The elevated expression of drug-resistant proteins GST-â, PGP P53, and Ki-67 in TNBC suggests that these biomarkers are closely associated with chemotherapy resistance. Monitoring their levels during treatment may help guide more effective clinical strategies for managing TNBC. The findings emphasise the need for personalised therapeutic approaches based on protein expression profiles to improve clinical outcomes for TNBC patients.