I. Khan, Nadia Khurshid, Irshad Paul, Feroze A. Shaheen, Mushtaq I. Bhat
Perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) among important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in full-term neonates. Identifying ischemic injury clinically usually is difficult in the immediate postnatal period, nonspecific clinical features are present and consid-erations regarding initiation of active life preserving therapies are needed. MR imaging is the most sensitive and specific imaging tech-nique available for the assessment of perinatal birth asphyxia related brain injury in term-born neonates. This study investigates the utility of MR spectroscopy peak ratios, ADC values along with conventional MRI. To compare the association of encephalopathy following hypoxia in term neonates with proton MRS ratios and ADC values. Conventional MRI (T1 and T2) along with DWI followed by MR Spectroscopy was done in 25 term neonates with clinical and neurological features of en-cephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia. MRS peak ratios, DWI with ADC values and conventional MRI findings were compared with each grade of HIE. Among 25 patients suspected cases of hypoxic enceph-alopathy, 15 patients had early positive conventional MR findings, 16 patients had late positive conventional MR findings, 19 patients had positive DWI, and 22 patients had positive MRS with high lac-tate/choline and lactate/NAA ratio. Higher association was found be-tween spectroscopy findings and hypoxic ischemic injury compared to MR imaging and ADC. The combination of MRS, DWI with ADC values and conventional MRI may assist in localizing and predicting the severi-ty of ischemic injury in HIE patients.
{"title":"Evaluation of perinatal hypoxic encephalopathy with advanced MR sequences","authors":"I. Khan, Nadia Khurshid, Irshad Paul, Feroze A. Shaheen, Mushtaq I. Bhat","doi":"10.5455/jmas.74980","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.74980","url":null,"abstract":"Perinatal hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) among important causes of neurological morbidity and mortality in full-term neonates. Identifying ischemic injury clinically usually is difficult in the immediate postnatal period, nonspecific clinical features are present and consid-erations regarding initiation of active life preserving therapies are needed. MR imaging is the most sensitive and specific imaging tech-nique available for the assessment of perinatal birth asphyxia related brain injury in term-born neonates. This study investigates the utility of MR spectroscopy peak ratios, ADC values along with conventional MRI. To compare the association of encephalopathy following hypoxia in term neonates with proton MRS ratios and ADC values. Conventional MRI (T1 and T2) along with DWI followed by MR Spectroscopy was done in 25 term neonates with clinical and neurological features of en-cephalopathy following perinatal asphyxia. MRS peak ratios, DWI with ADC values and conventional MRI findings were compared with each grade of HIE. Among 25 patients suspected cases of hypoxic enceph-alopathy, 15 patients had early positive conventional MR findings, 16 patients had late positive conventional MR findings, 19 patients had positive DWI, and 22 patients had positive MRS with high lac-tate/choline and lactate/NAA ratio. Higher association was found be-tween spectroscopy findings and hypoxic ischemic injury compared to MR imaging and ADC. The combination of MRS, DWI with ADC values and conventional MRI may assist in localizing and predicting the severi-ty of ischemic injury in HIE patients.","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824993","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Elanda Putri Madyaningtias, Daniel Sampepajung, P. Prihantono, M. Faruk
{"title":"Epidemiological and clinicopathological characteristics of breast cancer in Eastern Indonesia","authors":"Elanda Putri Madyaningtias, Daniel Sampepajung, P. Prihantono, M. Faruk","doi":"10.5455/JMAS.97327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JMAS.97327","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70825084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Histomorphological study of premalignant lesions of prostate and their association with adenocarcinoma with utility of immunohistochemistry","authors":"V. Sandeep, A. Bansal, Radhika C Sasturkar","doi":"10.5455/JMAS.126725","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JMAS.126725","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"84"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70823382","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Cervical lymphadenopathy is not a diagnosis but it is a sign or symp-tom. The etiology could be inflammatory or degenerative or neoplastic. Cervical lymph node evaluation plays a vital role in patients with head and neck cancers because the results determine the prognosis and choice of therapy. Ultrasonography can be used to assess the mor-phology, site, number, size and vascularity of cervical lymph node. However, the ultrasound criteria for metastatic lymph nodes are con-troversial. Sonoelastography is a novel imaging modality introduced as a non-invasive technique for evaluating cervical lymph nodes and to map the elastic properties of examined soft tissue. Neck lymph nodes are easily accessible and can be efficiently compressed against under-lying anatomical structures, with use of an ultrasound transducer for elastographic tissue characterization. The detail about the rigidity of a lymph node gives us the direction for percutaneous biopsy and nodal dissection under ultrasound guidance. Use of this information can also improve patient follow-up by enabling detection of cancer recurrence at an early stage. The study aims to differentiate benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes by observing the morphology, vascular Pattern and strain ratio cut-off value. In this trial 40 patients with cervical lym-phadenopathy were studied and the study concluded that Ultrasound elastography is a specific test unlike B-mode ultrasonography in dif-ferentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy. The strain ratio cut-off value for benign vs malignant lymphadenopathy is 1.78. Thus Sonoelastography along with B-mode ultrasound increases the rate of detection of malignancy.
{"title":"A vivid way of differentiating benign and malig-nant cervical lymph node through b-mode ultrasonography and sonoelastography","authors":"S. Patil, Sidhesh Murugaiyan, Pravitha Baskar, Divyameenupreetha Ashok, Muhsina Aboobaker, Sindhu Raju","doi":"10.5455/jmas.63227","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.63227","url":null,"abstract":"Cervical lymphadenopathy is not a diagnosis but it is a sign or symp-tom. The etiology could be inflammatory or degenerative or neoplastic. Cervical lymph node evaluation plays a vital role in patients with head and neck cancers because the results determine the prognosis and choice of therapy. Ultrasonography can be used to assess the mor-phology, site, number, size and vascularity of cervical lymph node. However, the ultrasound criteria for metastatic lymph nodes are con-troversial. Sonoelastography is a novel imaging modality introduced as a non-invasive technique for evaluating cervical lymph nodes and to map the elastic properties of examined soft tissue. Neck lymph nodes are easily accessible and can be efficiently compressed against under-lying anatomical structures, with use of an ultrasound transducer for elastographic tissue characterization. The detail about the rigidity of a lymph node gives us the direction for percutaneous biopsy and nodal dissection under ultrasound guidance. Use of this information can also improve patient follow-up by enabling detection of cancer recurrence at an early stage. The study aims to differentiate benign and malignant cervical lymph nodes by observing the morphology, vascular Pattern and strain ratio cut-off value. In this trial 40 patients with cervical lym-phadenopathy were studied and the study concluded that Ultrasound elastography is a specific test unlike B-mode ultrasonography in dif-ferentiating benign and malignant cervical lymphadenopathy. The strain ratio cut-off value for benign vs malignant lymphadenopathy is 1.78. Thus Sonoelastography along with B-mode ultrasound increases the rate of detection of malignancy.","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The novel Coronavirus outbreak was originated from Wuhan, China, was first reported in India on 30th January 2020. The impact of an epidemic depends on the number of persons infected, infection transmissibility and the spectrum of clinical severity. To determine the impact of outbreak, analysis of the existing record was done. The objective of this study was to determine the demographic factors, case fatality rate, its association and trend was observed among positive cases reported in Gwalior district. Covid-19 related data collected at the IDSP unit of Gwalior District was analysed. A total of 11281 case reported between 30th March to 11th October was included and their recorded data was analysed using mean, median, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The study shows that Mean age of the cases was 39.95±16.75 while their median age was 38.0 (27.0-52.0). Maximum cases were in the age group of 21-30 (25.6%). On assessing the current status, 94.7% patients were discharged from isolation/treatment facility, 4% case were active while 1.3% died. Risk Ratio (Odds Ratio) for death was calculated for different characteristics. It was concluded from the present study that the outcome of disease was found statistically significant in age groups, residence in containment area and isolation status among patients by using logistic regression analysis. Also, no gender predilection of the disease and its mortality.
{"title":"Trend and determinants of COVID 19 pandemic in a district of Central India: A cross sectional study","authors":"Richa Changulani, Manoj Bansal, D. Shukla","doi":"10.5455/jmas.52244","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.52244","url":null,"abstract":"The novel Coronavirus outbreak was originated from Wuhan, China, was first reported in India on 30th January 2020. The impact of an epidemic depends on the number of persons infected, infection transmissibility and the spectrum of clinical severity. To determine the impact of outbreak, analysis of the existing record was done. The objective of this study was to determine the demographic factors, case fatality rate, its association and trend was observed among positive cases reported in Gwalior district. Covid-19 related data collected at the IDSP unit of Gwalior District was analysed. A total of 11281 case reported between 30th March to 11th October was included and their recorded data was analysed using mean, median, chi-square test and logistic regression analysis. The study shows that Mean age of the cases was 39.95±16.75 while their median age was 38.0 (27.0-52.0). Maximum cases were in the age group of 21-30 (25.6%). On assessing the current status, 94.7% patients were discharged from isolation/treatment facility, 4% case were active while 1.3% died. Risk Ratio (Odds Ratio) for death was calculated for different characteristics. It was concluded from the present study that the outcome of disease was found statistically significant in age groups, residence in containment area and isolation status among patients by using logistic regression analysis. Also, no gender predilection of the disease and its mortality.","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824865","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Rasika Kathar, S. Andurkar, J. Dixit, Shweta N. Salphale, Kailash P. Kagne
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) three months after the first case of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30th January 2020. As on 30th September 2020, a total of 63,01,156 COVID-19 cases and 98,585 deaths have been reported in the country. An observational study was carried out among all COVID-19 positive cases admitted in Dedicated COVID Hospital Government Medical College Aurangabad, Maharashtra during the period between 1st April to 30th September with the aim to study demographic distribution, clinical manifestation and co morbid status of COVID-19 positive patients. Out of total 6,564 COVID suspect patients admitted in DCH within the study period a total of 2,986 tested positive for COVID-19. Out of these 2,986 patients 1,812 (60.68%) were discharged according to the ICMR guidelines while 724 (24.25%) cases died due to COVID-19. There were still 379 (12.69%) of active cases in the hospital. Among the admitted patients the largest stratum of 1,156 (38.71%) was contributed by patients belonging to the age group of 41-60 years while only 68 (2.28%) patients were in the age group of above 80 years of age. On admission the most frequent clinical profile was characterized by breathlessness (37%) and fever (35%). While 7.82% of the patients were asymptomatic. Among the patients, hypertension (n=679) was the most prevalent co-morbidity followed by diabetes (n=573) and ischemic heart disease (n=166).
{"title":"Epidemiological profile of COVID 19 cases admitted in Dedicated COVID Hospital, Government Medical College, Aurangabad, Maharashtra","authors":"Rasika Kathar, S. Andurkar, J. Dixit, Shweta N. Salphale, Kailash P. Kagne","doi":"10.5455/jmas.31834","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.31834","url":null,"abstract":"Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was declared a pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO) three months after the first case of Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV2) was reported in Wuhan, China in late December 2019. India recorded its first COVID-19 case on 30th January 2020. As on 30th September 2020, a total of 63,01,156 COVID-19 cases and 98,585 deaths have been reported in the country. An observational study was carried out among all COVID-19 positive cases admitted in Dedicated COVID Hospital Government Medical College Aurangabad, Maharashtra during the period between 1st April to 30th September with the aim to study demographic distribution, clinical manifestation and co morbid status of COVID-19 positive patients. Out of total 6,564 COVID suspect patients admitted in DCH within the study period a total of 2,986 tested positive for COVID-19. Out of these 2,986 patients 1,812 (60.68%) were discharged according to the ICMR guidelines while 724 (24.25%) cases died due to COVID-19. There were still 379 (12.69%) of active cases in the hospital. Among the admitted patients the largest stratum of 1,156 (38.71%) was contributed by patients belonging to the age group of 41-60 years while only 68 (2.28%) patients were in the age group of above 80 years of age. On admission the most frequent clinical profile was characterized by breathlessness (37%) and fever (35%). While 7.82% of the patients were asymptomatic. Among the patients, hypertension (n=679) was the most prevalent co-morbidity followed by diabetes (n=573) and ischemic heart disease (n=166).","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824475","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Neonatal acute kidney injury - how mortality is related to its stage and the common co-morbidity among expired? A hospital based study","authors":"S. Laha, K. Karmakar, B. Ghoshal","doi":"10.5455/JMAS.135312","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JMAS.135312","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"97"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70823501","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"The effect of banana dose and duration on the decrease of sleep disorders in the elderly","authors":"Emillia Panurywanti, B. Wiboworini, D. Indarto","doi":"10.5455/JMAS.134020","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/JMAS.134020","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"43 1","pages":"71"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70823465","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
COVID-19 outbreak has been declared pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). This study was planned to know the current COVID-19 situation in district and to know the impact of data driven preventive strategy to curtail the cases (Between 3rd August and 2nd September 2020). This is a cross sectional study done in tribal district of Gujarat. Total registered patients upto 2nd September 2020 were included in the study. Out of total 1189 patients, 34.4% were female. Recovery rate on 3rd August 2020 was 44.8% which is increased to 82.09% on 2nd September 2020. Positivity rate declined from 5.2% to 2.3% despite increase in test per million from 5042 to 51606 between 3rd August and 2nd September 2020. This decrease in test positivity rate attributed to preventive strategy followed by district. Over a period of one month (3rd August to 2nd September) district observed gradual decrease in Compound daily growth rate (CDGR) and increase in doubling time. Over a period of time, downward trend in cases detection and increase in recovery rate observed due to preventive strategies followed by district. To curtail the COVID-19 it is required to keep constant watch on spread, as few cases left undiagnosed can make big spike in district.
{"title":"Current scenario of covid 19 & impact of preventive strategies in curtailing its spread in a district of Gujarat","authors":"Piyushkumar Parmar, Sanjay Kumar, Aniruddha Gohel","doi":"10.5455/jmas.38588","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.38588","url":null,"abstract":"COVID-19 outbreak has been declared pandemic by World Health Organization (WHO). This study was planned to know the current COVID-19 situation in district and to know the impact of data driven preventive strategy to curtail the cases (Between 3rd August and 2nd September 2020). This is a cross sectional study done in tribal district of Gujarat. Total registered patients upto 2nd September 2020 were included in the study. Out of total 1189 patients, 34.4% were female. Recovery rate on 3rd August 2020 was 44.8% which is increased to 82.09% on 2nd September 2020. Positivity rate declined from 5.2% to 2.3% despite increase in test per million from 5042 to 51606 between 3rd August and 2nd September 2020. This decrease in test positivity rate attributed to preventive strategy followed by district. Over a period of one month (3rd August to 2nd September) district observed gradual decrease in Compound daily growth rate (CDGR) and increase in doubling time. Over a period of time, downward trend in cases detection and increase in recovery rate observed due to preventive strategies followed by district. To curtail the COVID-19 it is required to keep constant watch on spread, as few cases left undiagnosed can make big spike in district.","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824491","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major complications occurring in patients with mechanical ventilation, particularly in patients with trauma and head injury. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of VAP in patients with trauma and head injury, risk factors associated with them and their microbial profile as well as antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A prospective observational study was conducted at Surgical Intensive Care Unit at tertiary care teaching hospital between 1st December 2016 and 31st May 2018. All patients with traumatic injury with or without head injury and who have been intubated and put on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, were included in the study. Patients developing VAP were considered as cases whereas those who did not develop VAP served as controls. Out of 174 patients included in the study, 39 patients developed VAP with an incidence rate of 22.4% and incidence density of 21.7 per 1000 ventilator-days. Risk factors such as GCS < 9 on admission, history of vomiting, craniotomy and tracheostomy were found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05) for development of VAP. Duration of ICU stay (30±16 vs 8±4.9 days) and duration of intubation (25.85±16 vs 5.83±4 days) were statistically significant findings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms isolated. Most of these organisms were multi drug resistant but were susceptible to colistin. Tracheostomy maintenance and infection control practices for patients undergoing surgical interventions such as craniotomy should be reviewed to bring down VAP rates.
{"title":"Risk factors for ventilator associated pneumonia in patients with trauma and head injury in a tertiary care teaching hospital of rural Gujarat","authors":"Naimikaben Patel, C. Modi, Suman P. Singh","doi":"10.5455/jmas.42509","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5455/jmas.42509","url":null,"abstract":"Ventilator associated pneumonia (VAP) is one of the major complications occurring in patients with mechanical ventilation, particularly in patients with trauma and head injury. The present study was conducted to determine the rate of VAP in patients with trauma and head injury, risk factors associated with them and their microbial profile as well as antimicrobial susceptibility patterns. A prospective observational study was conducted at Surgical Intensive Care Unit at tertiary care teaching hospital between 1st December 2016 and 31st May 2018. All patients with traumatic injury with or without head injury and who have been intubated and put on mechanical ventilation for more than 48 hours, were included in the study. Patients developing VAP were considered as cases whereas those who did not develop VAP served as controls. Out of 174 patients included in the study, 39 patients developed VAP with an incidence rate of 22.4% and incidence density of 21.7 per 1000 ventilator-days. Risk factors such as GCS < 9 on admission, history of vomiting, craniotomy and tracheostomy were found to be statistically significant (p< 0.05) for development of VAP. Duration of ICU stay (30±16 vs 8±4.9 days) and duration of intubation (25.85±16 vs 5.83±4 days) were statistically significant findings. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Acinetobacter baumannii and Klebsiella pneumoniae were the most common organisms isolated. Most of these organisms were multi drug resistant but were susceptible to colistin. Tracheostomy maintenance and infection control practices for patients undergoing surgical interventions such as craniotomy should be reviewed to bring down VAP rates.","PeriodicalId":16176,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical and Allied Sciences","volume":"1 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"70824545","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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