Journal of lasers in medical sciences最新文献

Introduction: Skin aging involves a complex series of biological processes, resultingin alterations that can impact the aesthetics and well-being of patients. There has been a notable rise in the demand for safe, efficient, and effective treatments for skin aging in recent years; among them, laser-based treatments have gained rapid global popularity. Thus, the current study aimed to present two clinical cases in which a very conservative approach using a combination of laser devices was adopted to simultaneously correct certain facial aesthetic issues. Methods: Two patients sought aesthetic treatment for facial sagging, especially regarding the loss of mandibular contour due to fat accumulation in the submental region, in addition to dark spots and dark circles. The treatment proposed was performed using a combination of fractional 1927 nm thulium laser and subdermal 1470 nm diode laser in a single session. Results: Within 30 days, both patients noticed an improvement in the aesthetics of their faces, and after 90 days, there was a significant perception of reduced submental fat, facial lifting, and a reduction in facial pigmentation. Conclusion: Combining different laser wavelengths appears to be an effective, simple, and conservative option for simultaneously managing certain facial aesthetic concerns.

Introduction: Given the unique biostimulatory effects of low-level lasers, particularly on collagen production and fibroblast activity, this study aimed to measure the changes in MMP-1 levels in response to low-level laser therapy (LLLT) in individuals undergoing orthodontic treatment. The increase in MMP-1 may signal beneficial tissue adaptation to orthodontic force. Methods: This double-blind, randomized clinical trial included 22 individuals referred to the orthodontic department of Yazd Faculty of Dentistry who required fixed orthodontic treatment. The left and right mandibular anterior teeth of patients meeting the inclusion criteria were randomly assigned to the intervention and control sides. A low-level diode laser (980 nm, 100 mW output power) was applied to two teeth in the intervention group for two consecutive days. Gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) samples were collected from both sides at 24 hours (T1) and 164 hours (T2) post-irradiation. MMP-1 levels were measured using ELISA. Data were analyzed using SPSS software with independent and paired t-tests, with a significance level set at 0.05. Results: At T1, the mean MMP-1 level in the intervention group was 6.77±0.54 ng/mL, which was significantly higher than the control group's level of 6.15±0.40 ng/mL (P<0.001). At T2, the mean MMP-1 level in the intervention group (6.20±0.62 ng/mL) was not significantly different from that in the control group (6.21±0.55 ng/mL) (P=0.960). The average MMP-1 level in the control group did not differ significantly between T1 and T2 (P=0.546). However, the mean MMP-1 level in the intervention group at T1 was significantly higher than at T2 (P<0.001). Conclusion: MMP-1 levels in GCF increase temporarily after low-level laser irradiation with orthodontic force, indicating a potentially beneficial effect on tissue remodeling. Levels return to baseline by 164 hours, suggesting a controlled, short-term response.

Introduction: Dentin Hypersensivity is a dental short _lasting sharp pain originating from exposed dentin. This study investigated the level of dentinal tubule occlusion using a diode laser, the desensitizing agent Shield Force Plus, and the combined application of both treatments. Methods: Forty-five human premolar teeth, extracted due to orthodontic treatment plans or periodontal issues and confirmed to be free of caries, were collected for this study. The samples were sectioned to expose the outer third of the coronal dentin, and a rectangular area measuring 8 by 3 mm was delineated on each sample. The teeth were then allocated to five groups (n=9 per group): a negative control group (smear layer), a positive control group (smear layer removed), a group treated with the diode laser, a group treated with Shield Force Plus, and a group that received both the diode laser (wavelength 980 nm) and Shield Force Plus treatment. Imaging of the specimens was conducted using scanning electron microscopy at a 2000x magnification. Results: The group with the highest mean percentage of open dentinal tubules was the positive control group, which had an average of 10.52%. In contrast, the diode laser combined with the Shield Force Plus group exhibited the lowest average at 0.22%. The comparison revealed a significant difference between the laser group and the positive control group (P<0.001), as well as between the Shield Force Plus group and the positive control (P<0.001). No significant differences were found in dentinal tubule occlusion when comparing the effects of the diode laser, Shield Force Plus, and their combination (P>0.05). Conclusion: All three methods-diode laser application, Shield Force Plus, and their simultaneous use-effectively occluded dentinal tubules; however, none demonstrated superiority.

Introduction: Photobiomodulation (PBM), also known as low-level laser therapy (LLLT), has emerged as a potential therapeutic strategy for various nervous system disorders. Its biological effects on neural tissue are primarily mediated by the absorption of light by mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase (CCO), leading to increased ATP synthesis and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). These upstream processes consequently activate kinases and release second messengers, ultimately influencing the structure and function of the nervous system. This narrative review aims to summarize the current understanding of the effects of PBM on nervous system disorders by assembling findings from both preclinical and clinical studies. Methods: We conducted a comprehensive search of Google Scholar, PubMed, and Medline databases using keywords such as "low-level laser therapy," "photobiomodulation," and "nervous system diseases" to identify relevant studies. Results: The review compiles findings on the application of PBM in a range of central and peripheral nervous system disorders, highlighting the diverse ways in which PBM has been explored for neural tissue stimulation and modulation. Conclusion: The evidence we have compiled indicates that PBM is a non-invasive treatment option for nervous system disorders, showing its potential to bring about positive biological changes. Further research is required to optimize PBM protocols and clarify its long-term efficacy and safety in various neurological conditions.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.36.].

Introduction: Inadequate wound treatment can lead to complications like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infections, increased medical risks, and skin ulcers. Antimicrobial resistance is a global health threat, and Indonesia's injury prevalence has increased. Laser photobiomodulation therapy, using near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths, has shown potential in accelerating wound healing by stimulating cellular energy, enhancing blood flow, reducing inflammation, and promoting cell proliferation and collagen synthesis. Methods: Each treatment sample received NIR therapy for 15 minutes per session on days 0, 1, 2, 3, and 5. Wound measurements were recorded, and blood samples were collected for laboratory testing to assess the effectiveness of laser therapy in postoperative wound healing. Meanwhile, the control group did not receive therapy but underwent wound measurements and blood sample collection. The data obtained were analyzed using the SPSS non-parametric Friedman test to compare the mean values of TNF-α, IL-1β, and TGF-β1 expression between the control and therapy groups. The Mann-Whitney test followed this to determine whether there were significant differences between the groups. A significance level of P<0.05 was used. Results: The use of NIR laser therapy in the treatment group resulted in a 35% reduction in wound length and a 46% reduction in wound width. In the control group, wound length decreased by 30%, while wound width decreased by 26%. These results indicate that NIR therapy is effective in tissue regeneration, as evidenced by the reduction in wound size due to granulation formation and re-epithelialization. Statistical analysis of laboratory assessments showed significant differences in IL-1β and TGF-β1 cytokine expression (P<0.05) in the treatment group, while TNF-α expression did not show a significant difference (P>0.05) between the two groups. Conclusion: Clinical assessment shows that NIR has an effect on the formation of better wound tissue and shows good wound quality.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.28.].

Introduction: This review examines the question, "Can artificial intelligence enhance the antimicrobial effectiveness of photodynamic therapy (PDT)?" We discuss current knowledge and uncertainties surrounding this topic, address the limitations of existing approaches-such as the complexities of predicting reactive oxygen species generation and the necessity for large datasets for AI training-and propose future strategies that integrate AI with PDT. Methods: In the present literature review, the authors used keywords such as Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy, Photosensitizers, and Artificial intelligence, and conducted a literature search via Google Scholar and PubMed from January 2000 to November 2024. Results: The reviewed literature indicates that AI has been used to enhance antimicrobial therapy by identifying optimal photosensitizers, predicting treatment outcomes, and enabling real-time monitoring. In antimicrobial PDT (aPDT), AI facilitates personalized therapy by selecting appropriate agents and light parameters based on microbial profiles, although clinical implementation remains limited. Conclusion: While the combination of AI and PDT is theoretically possible, it has not yet been implemented. Consequently, this article may serve as a foundation for future research on personalizing laser-based treatments through AI.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.34172/jlms.2022.32.].

Introduction: The use of lasers in dentistry has evolved significantly, becoming integral to various diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. The aim of the present study is to conduct a quantitative and qualitative analysis of scientific production on the application of lasers in dentistry in the Web of Science database over the past decade. Methods: This is a scientometric study evaluating scientific documents indexed in the Web of Science database in the field of laser applications in dentistry up to the end of 2023, using quantitative and qualitative indicators. Data analysis was conducted using Excel and VOSviewer software. Results: The graphs for article and citation growth showed a steady and steeper upward trend over the past ten years, respectively. The countries with the highest production, ranked first to third, were Brazil, the USA, and China, with the top two institutions also located in Brazil. The most prominent journals publishing studies on laser applications in dentistry, in order, were Journal of Prosthetic Dentistry, Clinical Oral Investigations, and BMC Oral Health. Aoki was the most-cited author, with 230 citations in a Q1 journal from Japan, though ranked sixth in terms of production. The highest scientific collaborations were observed in the USA, followed by Brazil and China. Although the Journal of Periodontology ranked ninth in terms of the number of publications, it ranked first in co-citation. In terms of thematic keyword analysis, six clusters were identified: low-power laser and photodynamic therapy in dentistry, antibacterial properties of laser in dentistry, laser applications in implant treatment, laser use in restorative treatments, laser applications for dental caries prevention, and laser use for pulp vitality assessment. Conclusion: Researchers should stay regularly informed of ranking results to make more accurate decisions in research and clinical practices. Therefore, given these findings and the importance and saturation of various topics and their applications in dental practices, there is a need for institutions and researchers to reassess research priorities.