Journal of lasers in medical sciences最新文献

Introduction: Surgical procedures involving the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) are frequently associated with nerve injuries and subsequent dysfunctions. Considering that traumatic peripheral nerve injuries may resolve slowly and their prognosis is generally unpredictable, the current study aimed to report a clinical case in which both motor (affecting the temporal and zygomatic branches of the facial nerve) and sensory dysfunctions (affecting the auriculotemporal nerve of the trigeminal nerve) following TMJ surgery were effectively treated by using photobiomodulation therapy (PBMT). Case Report: PBMT sessions, involving a total of 30 facial points, were administered twice a week for 10 weeks. The following parameters were utilized: wavelength of 808 nm, energy density of 75 J/cm², power output of 100 mW, total energy of 3 J, and duration of 30 seconds per point. A considerable improvement in both facial asymmetry and muscle function was achieved within 5 weeks, along with a total restoration of cutaneous sensitivity. By the 10th week of PBMT, the facial movement dysfunction was completely resolved. Conclusion: According to the current case, PMBT seems to be an effective intervention to manage motor and sensory nerve dysfunctions following TMJ surgery.

Introduction: Dental hard and soft tissues have been successfully removed by using the Er,Cr:YSGG laser, but there is a controversy about using lasers over conventional tooth surface preparation for bonding aesthetic restoration. Surface roughness and wettability in response to Er,Cr:YSGG laser irradiation are essential properties for restoration longevity. Methods: Fifty-one intact human premolars removed in orthodontic treatment were included in this study and divided into three groups (n=17). The first group (G1) was the control without surface treatment, (G2) was treated with 37% phosphoric acid for 15 seconds, and (G3) was treated with the Er,Cr:YSGG laser using the following parameters: 2 W or 3 W at 20 Hz, 10% air and water ratio using the MZ6 laser tip. The standardization of laser irradiation was accomplished by a computerized numerical control unit. The surface of the samples was evaluated by using a light microscope, profilometer, atomic force microscopy (AFM), SEM, and wettability tests. Results: The SEM examination revealed that the lased enamel surface was clean, irregular, and devoid of a smear layer, while the acid etch surface was relatively smooth and covered with a smear layer. The surface roughness of the lased enamel surface was significantly higher than that of other groups, according to the results of the profilometer as well as the AFM tests. The wettability test showed that the lased enamel surface recorded a significant reduction in the contact angle in comparison to the other groups. Conclusion: It can be concluded that the Er,Cr:YSGG laser can be used as an alternative and safe method to the acid-etching technique for surface treatment.

Introduction: The immune response to laser tattoo removal poses a significant challenge in its management, primarily due to its unpredictable nature, which can range from mild hypersensitivity reactions to severe anaphylaxis. Such responses can potentially hinder the effectiveness of laser tattoo removal procedures. Therefore, gaining a comprehensive understanding of the immune response to tattoo removal using laser techniques is of utmost importance to develop more efficient management strategies. This study aims to address this need by analyzing eight carefully selected articles obtained through a thorough literature review. Methods: To explore the immune response associated with laser techniques in tattoo removal, we employed a rigorous research methodology. A thorough literature review was conducted using reputable search engines such as Google Scholar, SagePub, and PubMed to collect relevant articles. Initially, 788 potential articles were identified through this process. Following meticulous scrutiny, only eight articles that met stringent inclusion criteria were selected for our study. This meticulous selection process ensures that the information presented here is derived from high-quality and pertinent research. Results: Based on the analysis of the eight selected articles, our findings illuminate the various immune responses that emerge following tattoo removal using laser techniques. These responses include hypersensitivity reactions, allergic manifestations, and, in certain instances, anaphylaxis. Hypersensitivity reactions typically manifested as erythema, edema, and pruritus, while allergic responses were observed in the form of urticaria. In summary, our study highlights that the immune response to laser tattoo removal primarily elicits hypersensitivity and, in some cases, anaphylaxis reactions. Conclusion: Our study underscores the significance of clinicians being vigilant regarding potential immune responses during laser tattoo removal. It is crucial to closely monitor patients to promptly address any adverse reactions. Further research holds the potential to enhance our understanding, paving the way for improved management strategies that can enhance patient safety and treatment success.

Introduction: Biophoton emission, the spontaneous release of photons from living cells, has emerged as an attractive field of research in the study of biological systems. Scientists have recently discovered that changes in biophoton emission could serve as potential indicators of pathological conditions. This intriguing phenomenon suggests that cells might communicate and interact with each other through the exchange of these faint but significant light signals. Therefore, the present study introduces intercellular relationships with biophoton release to detect normal and abnormal cell functions to further achieve cellular interactions by focusing on cell and cell arrangement in disease conditions. Methods: Twenty male mice were assigned to control and busulfan groups. Five weeks after the injection of busulfan, the testis was removed, and then the stereological techniques and TUNEL assay were applied to estimate the histopathology of the testis tissue sections. Results: The findings revealed that the ultra-weak biophoton emission in the control group was significantly lower than in the busulfan group. The oligospermia mice model showed that it significantly changed the spatial arrangement of testicular cells and notably decreased the testis volume, length of seminiferous tubules, and the number of testicular cells. The results of the TUNEL assay showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells significantly increased in the busulfan group. Conclusion: The ultra-weak biophoton emission from testis tissue was reduced in oligospermia mice. As a result, the decline of ultra-weak biophoton can indicate a change in cell arrangement, a decrease in intercellular interaction, and eventually disease.

Introduction: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of selective laser photocoagulation of communicating vessels (SLPCV) on cardiac function in twins with twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 178 women with twin pregnancies complicated with TTTS and scheduled for SLPCV between 16 and 26 weeks of gestation. The severity of TTTS was determined by Quintero staging and the severity of cardiovascular disorders by the CHOP (Children's Hospital of Philadelphia) score. Patient survival was evaluated through a one-month-after-birth follow-up of fetuses. Results: The study revealed significant improvements in Doppler indices in both donors and recipients after SLPCV. The CHOP score also significantly decreased after the intervention. One-month-after-birth survival rates were 55.1% in donors and 56.7% in recipients. Some Doppler indexes of fetuses before SLPCV could predict survival until one month after birth. Conclusion: The study suggests that SLPCV can improve cardiac function in fetuses with TTTS and that some Doppler indexes can predict survival outcomes. Additionally, the severity of TTTS can be a powerful indicator of the severity of cardiovascular complications.

Protein side chain packing (PSCP) is a fundamental problem in the field of protein engineering, as high-confidence and low-energy conformations of amino acid side chains are crucial for understanding (and designing) protein folding, protein-protein interactions, and protein-ligand interactions. Traditional PSCP methods (such as the Rosetta Packer) often rely on a library of discrete side chain conformations, or rotamers, and a forcefield to guide the structure to low-energy conformations. Recently, deep learning (DL) based methods (such as DLPacker, AttnPacker, and DiffPack) have demonstrated state-of-the-art predictions and speed in the PSCP task. Building off the success of geometric graph neural networks for protein modeling, we present the Protein Invariant Point Packer (PIPPack) which effectively processes local structural and sequence information to produce realistic, idealized side chain coordinates using χ-angle distribution predictions and geometry-aware invariant point message passing (IPMP). On a test set of ~1,400 high-quality protein chains, PIPPack is highly competitive with other state-of-the-art PSCP methods in rotamer recovery and per-residue RMSD but is significantly faster.

Introduction: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a combined method of light and light-activated chemicals that are called photosensitizers (PSs). PDT is recommended as a high cure rate method with fewer side effects and a noninvasive tool to treat cancer. This study aimed to evaluate PDT efficacy as a therapeutic method against actinic keratoses in patients via protein-protein interaction (PPI) network analysis by using the gene expression profiles of Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO). Methods: Twenty-one gene expression profiles were extracted from GEO and analyzed by GEO2R to determine the significant differentially expressed genes (DEGs). The significant DEGs were included in PPI networks via Cytoscape software. The networks were analyzed by the "Network Analyzer", and the elements of the main connected components were assessed. Results: There were three main connected components for the compared sets of the gene expression profiles including the lesional region of skin before (Before set) and after (After set) PDT versus healthy (healthy set) skin and before versus after. The before-health comparison showed a partial similarity with the After-Healthy assessment. The before-after evaluation indicated that there were not considerable differences between the gene expression profile of the lesional region before and after PDT. Conclusion: In conclusion, PDT was unable to return the gene expression pattern of the actinic keratoses skin to a healthy condition completely.