Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788563
Long
The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference held at the Palmer House in Chicago June 3 to 6, 1946 was a marked success. This Conference, as explained by President Dixwell L. Pierce in opening, was designated as the thirty-ninth, for the reason that the 1945 Conference, the Proceedings of which have been published, is permanently recorded as a " Conference In Print," even though there was no meeting. The arrangements for the 1946 sessions, the entertainment provided and the attendance have not been excelled by any of the many successful conferences held. Well over eight hundred affixed their names to the registration cards. The program prepared by the committee under the chairmanship of Roy Blough was exceptionally well balanced. All of the addresses as well as the discussions in the not too distant future will be in the hands of all the members in the form of the 1946 Proceedings. It is believed that they will prove of exceeding interest and be a permanent source of material for the tax student, the tax teacher and the tax administrator. The program which was printed in the May issue of the Bulletin moved along with precision. With only minor exceptions those whose names appeared on the program delivered their papers, all of which indicated study, and complete consideration of the subjects which dealt largely with current problems. It may be argued by some that because of the fullness of the program sufficient time was not allowed for discussion but those who attended any one of the round tables found full opportunity for discussion on the subject matters which were assigned to the round tables. These proved to be of consuming interest and were marked by unusual attendance and attention on the part of the delegates gathered. Even though Chicago had been the place of meeting but a short; while ago, the welcome given by the Chicago people and the entertainment furnished equalled, if it did not exceed that which was provided at the 36th conference. The program committee strived mightily and had hoped up to the last minute that the arrangement to have the Mayor of Chicago welcome the convention and the Governor of Illinois speak to the group would be accomplished facts. U fortunately the City of Chicago was oncerned with an election relating to a bond issue in which the Mayor was obligated to take an active part, thereby preventing him from personally welcoming the group, although he sent Senator Richard J. Daley who at the first luncheon session made clear to all that Chicago was pleased to have the meeting the city. The Governor confronted with a special session was obligated to remain at the Capitol in Springfield but did provi e a paper which was ably delivered by his representative. The conference rooms provided by the Palmer House for the regular ses ions as well as those provided for the round tabl s, were not only ideally ada ted to a conference of this nature but so most accessible and acceptable. Equally agreeable were the accommodations for the lun
1946年6月3日至6日在芝加哥帕尔默大厦举行的第39届年会取得了显著的成功。正如迪克斯韦尔·皮尔斯总统在开幕式上解释的那样，这次会议被指定为第39届会议，因为1945年的会议(会议记录已出版)被永久记录为“会议印刷品”，尽管没有会议。1946年各届会议的安排、提供的娱乐和出席人数都不及许多成功举办的会议。超过800人在登记卡上签名。由罗伊·布洛担任主席的委员会制定的计划非常平衡。在不太遥远的将来，所有的发言以及讨论都将以1946年会议记录的形式掌握在所有成员手中。相信它们将被证明是非常有趣的，并且是税务学生，税务教师和税务管理员的永久材料来源。刊登在5月号《公报》上的这一计划进展得十分精确。除了少数例外，那些名字出现在节目上的人发表了他们的论文，所有这些都表明了研究，并且完全考虑了主要处理当前问题的主题。有些人可能会说，由于会议日程太满，没有足够的时间进行讨论，但参加任何圆桌会议的人都有充分的机会就分配给圆桌会议的主题进行讨论。事实证明，这些会议引起了极大的兴趣，与会代表的出席和关注程度都不同寻常。尽管芝加哥只是短暂相遇的地方;一段时间以前，芝加哥人民给予的欢迎和提供的招待，如果不超过第36次会议所提供的招待的话，也是相当的。计划委员会做了很大的努力，直到最后一刻，他们还希望芝加哥市长欢迎大会和伊利诺斯州州长向大家讲话的安排能够成为既成事实。幸运的是，芝加哥市正忙于一场与债券发行有关的选举，市长有义务积极参与其中，因此他无法亲自欢迎这群人，尽管他派出了参议员理查德·j·戴利(Richard J. Daley)，他在第一次午餐会上向所有人明确表示，芝加哥很高兴与芝加哥市举行会议。面对特别会议，总督有义务留在斯普林菲尔德的国会大厦，但他确实提供了一份文件，由他的代表巧妙地提交。帕尔默大厦为常规会议提供的会议室以及为圆桌会议提供的会议室不仅适合这种性质的会议，而且是最方便和可接受的。同样令人满意的还有在Stock Yards酒店举行的午餐会(那里供应烤牛肉)、在奥林匹亚菲尔兹乡村俱乐部举行的宴会(大家都同意这是一个好地方)以及最后一次在帕尔默大厦的大宴会厅举行的与芝加哥商业协会联合举办的午餐会。四周布置的娱乐设施简直“太棒了”。在会议期间发生的拉萨尔旅馆火灾悲剧给会议蒙上了阴影，特别是因为一些住在拉萨尔旅馆的代表遭受了广泛的灾难。
{"title":"1946 CONFERENCE","authors":"Long","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788563","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788563","url":null,"abstract":"The Thirty-ninth Annual Conference held at the Palmer House in Chicago June 3 to 6, 1946 was a marked success. This Conference, as explained by President Dixwell L. Pierce in opening, was designated as the thirty-ninth, for the reason that the 1945 Conference, the Proceedings of which have been published, is permanently recorded as a \" Conference In Print,\" even though there was no meeting. The arrangements for the 1946 sessions, the entertainment provided and the attendance have not been excelled by any of the many successful conferences held. Well over eight hundred affixed their names to the registration cards. The program prepared by the committee under the chairmanship of Roy Blough was exceptionally well balanced. All of the addresses as well as the discussions in the not too distant future will be in the hands of all the members in the form of the 1946 Proceedings. It is believed that they will prove of exceeding interest and be a permanent source of material for the tax student, the tax teacher and the tax administrator. The program which was printed in the May issue of the Bulletin moved along with precision. With only minor exceptions those whose names appeared on the program delivered their papers, all of which indicated study, and complete consideration of the subjects which dealt largely with current problems. It may be argued by some that because of the fullness of the program sufficient time was not allowed for discussion but those who attended any one of the round tables found full opportunity for discussion on the subject matters which were assigned to the round tables. These proved to be of consuming interest and were marked by unusual attendance and attention on the part of the delegates gathered. Even though Chicago had been the place of meeting but a short; while ago, the welcome given by the Chicago people and the entertainment furnished equalled, if it did not exceed that which was provided at the 36th conference. The program committee strived mightily and had hoped up to the last minute that the arrangement to have the Mayor of Chicago welcome the convention and the Governor of Illinois speak to the group would be accomplished facts. U fortunately the City of Chicago was oncerned with an election relating to a bond issue in which the Mayor was obligated to take an active part, thereby preventing him from personally welcoming the group, although he sent Senator Richard J. Daley who at the first luncheon session made clear to all that Chicago was pleased to have the meeting the city. The Governor confronted with a special session was obligated to remain at the Capitol in Springfield but did provi e a paper which was ably delivered by his representative. The conference rooms provided by the Palmer House for the regular ses ions as well as those provided for the round tabl s, were not only ideally ada ted to a conference of this nature but so most accessible and acceptable. Equally agreeable were the accommodations for the lun","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"449 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115958414","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788566
Marvel M. Stockwell
The story of the income tax is one of the most interesting in California fiscal history. Despite original constitutional authorization for such a measure,1 discussion persisted for many years before its final adoption in 193 5. 2 After enactment of the law, strong agitation arose for its repeal. The purpose of this paper is in part to trace the development of the income tax concept in California and in part to relate that development to a consideration of the principles of income taxation in general. The purpose in view can best be achieved by reviewing and attempting an evaluation of the various arguments pro and con that have enlivened the struggle in the state. This survey of opposing views will be followed by a summary analysis of the principal features of the Personal Income Tax of 1935. The technical details are available to those who wish to read the law itself. The article will close with some brief observations upon state income taxes in general. The modern state income tax movement began with the Wisconsin law of 1911. At the present time some thirty-three states have personal income tax laws upon their statute books. We need go back no farther than 1914 to observe California's interest in this direction. In its report for that year the State Board of Equalization, after commenting upon certain difficulties of double taxation of income and property and effective enforcement of an income tax law, remarked that it " remained for Wisconsin to discover the solution of both these difficulties." 3 The board quoted extensively rom the 1911-1912 report of the Wisconin tax commission,4 which outlined the salient features of the Wisconsin measure that marked it as different from any other law up to that time adopted in this country. Our own board then concluded that " the
{"title":"THE STATE INCOME TAX IN CALIFORNIA","authors":"Marvel M. Stockwell","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788566","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788566","url":null,"abstract":"The story of the income tax is one of the most interesting in California fiscal history. Despite original constitutional authorization for such a measure,1 discussion persisted for many years before its final adoption in 193 5. 2 After enactment of the law, strong agitation arose for its repeal. The purpose of this paper is in part to trace the development of the income tax concept in California and in part to relate that development to a consideration of the principles of income taxation in general. The purpose in view can best be achieved by reviewing and attempting an evaluation of the various arguments pro and con that have enlivened the struggle in the state. This survey of opposing views will be followed by a summary analysis of the principal features of the Personal Income Tax of 1935. The technical details are available to those who wish to read the law itself. The article will close with some brief observations upon state income taxes in general. The modern state income tax movement began with the Wisconsin law of 1911. At the present time some thirty-three states have personal income tax laws upon their statute books. We need go back no farther than 1914 to observe California's interest in this direction. In its report for that year the State Board of Equalization, after commenting upon certain difficulties of double taxation of income and property and effective enforcement of an income tax law, remarked that it \" remained for Wisconsin to discover the solution of both these difficulties.\" 3 The board quoted extensively rom the 1911-1912 report of the Wisconin tax commission,4 which outlined the salient features of the Wisconsin measure that marked it as different from any other law up to that time adopted in this country. Our own board then concluded that \" the","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"54 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116655788","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788565
H. F. Long
In answer to the first argument, it might be said that the added cost would not be excessively great, and that the maintenance of sound credit conditions is much more important in the long run to the national economy than a slight saving in interest cost on the public debt. As to the maintenance of a low interest rate to stimulate business, the argument overlooks a number of points. In the first place such a stimulus is not currently needed. In the second place, the maintenance of an artifically low interest rate by debt monetization, as pointed out before, immediately inflates the capital value of all investment property. Further, such a rate tends to promote debt financing instead of equity financing, and tends to divert capital to speculative channels. More important, a very fundamental economic fact is overlooked. When there is no surplus of raw materials and resources (when consumer goods and capital goods markets are competing for all available resources) any capital goods formation in excess of the current rate of voluntary savings can occur only by forced saving. The forced saving can be secured by taxation, subsidy, and priority or rationing or by price shifts. With present tax, subsidy and rationing policies, the forced saving can come only through price increase, or price con rols tha are both effective and selective enough to result in a virtual system of priorities. There is but limited selectivity in the price regulation policies, and blanket price control cannot alone achieve the results. The easy money and debt management policies further augment the difficulties of effective blanket control of prices. In view of the foregoing facts, it is evident there is need for both a change in debt management policy and some means to further stimulate voluntary saving. Such conclusion is true irrespective of whether only general and direct price controls are to continue as the principal means for checking inflationary forces or whether other allotment procedures are to be restored. In either case a higher interest rate as a result of new debt policy might further stimulate voluntary savings, as well as reduce inflationary pressures.
{"title":"AMONG THE STATE TAX COMMISSIONS","authors":"H. F. Long","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788565","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788565","url":null,"abstract":"In answer to the first argument, it might be said that the added cost would not be excessively great, and that the maintenance of sound credit conditions is much more important in the long run to the national economy than a slight saving in interest cost on the public debt. As to the maintenance of a low interest rate to stimulate business, the argument overlooks a number of points. In the first place such a stimulus is not currently needed. In the second place, the maintenance of an artifically low interest rate by debt monetization, as pointed out before, immediately inflates the capital value of all investment property. Further, such a rate tends to promote debt financing instead of equity financing, and tends to divert capital to speculative channels. More important, a very fundamental economic fact is overlooked. When there is no surplus of raw materials and resources (when consumer goods and capital goods markets are competing for all available resources) any capital goods formation in excess of the current rate of voluntary savings can occur only by forced saving. The forced saving can be secured by taxation, subsidy, and priority or rationing or by price shifts. With present tax, subsidy and rationing policies, the forced saving can come only through price increase, or price con rols tha are both effective and selective enough to result in a virtual system of priorities. There is but limited selectivity in the price regulation policies, and blanket price control cannot alone achieve the results. The easy money and debt management policies further augment the difficulties of effective blanket control of prices. In view of the foregoing facts, it is evident there is need for both a change in debt management policy and some means to further stimulate voluntary saving. Such conclusion is true irrespective of whether only general and direct price controls are to continue as the principal means for checking inflationary forces or whether other allotment procedures are to be restored. In either case a higher interest rate as a result of new debt policy might further stimulate voluntary savings, as well as reduce inflationary pressures.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"58 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"127108755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788562
J. W. Martin
{"title":"S. O. S. FROM THE PRESIDENT OF THE NATIONAL TAX ASSOCIATION","authors":"J. W. Martin","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788562","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788562","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122949295","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788564
W. O. Suiter
It is repeating the obvious to say that the recent war period posed some major problems of national government financing. Actual government expenditures for war purposes appreciably exceeded 300 billion dollars and total expenditures reached a level of over 95 billion dollars per year. The relative significance of such amounts, as compared to any prior experience, is indicated by the fact that it took the present national government 139 years, from 1789 to 1928, to spend its first 100 billion dollars, and 146 years, from 1789 to 1935, to raise its first hundred billion dollars in revenue. Also, the total cost of World War I was less than 26 billion dollars.
{"title":"SOME QUESTIONS RELATIVE TO THE MANAGEMENT OF THE NATIONAL GOVERNMENT DEBT","authors":"W. O. Suiter","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788564","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788564","url":null,"abstract":"It is repeating the obvious to say that the recent war period posed some major problems of national government financing. Actual government expenditures for war purposes appreciably exceeded 300 billion dollars and total expenditures reached a level of over 95 billion dollars per year. The relative significance of such amounts, as compared to any prior experience, is indicated by the fact that it took the present national government 139 years, from 1789 to 1928, to spend its first 100 billion dollars, and 146 years, from 1789 to 1935, to raise its first hundred billion dollars in revenue. Also, the total cost of World War I was less than 26 billion dollars.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"42 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126778426","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-06-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41788567
R. Blough
, Taxation has many facets and is of concern to people with different occupations and points of view. The taxpayer is interested in having a tax system under which he can live and prosper. His views on what kind of a system it should be will be modified by whether he is affected principally by the individual income tax, the corporation taxes, a particular excise tax, or the local property tax. Tax lawyers and accountants are concerned with the legal and practical problems of preparing income tax returns and cases for the administrators and for court review. The tax administrator is also interested in such problems and in the additional problems of locating the reluctant taxpayer and of keeping the morale of taxpayers high through the effective auditing of tax returns.
{"title":"SOME ASPECTS OF CORPORATE TAXATION","authors":"R. Blough","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41788567","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41788567","url":null,"abstract":", Taxation has many facets and is of concern to people with different occupations and points of view. The taxpayer is interested in having a tax system under which he can live and prosper. His views on what kind of a system it should be will be modified by whether he is affected principally by the individual income tax, the corporation taxes, a particular excise tax, or the local property tax. Tax lawyers and accountants are concerned with the legal and practical problems of preparing income tax returns and cases for the administrators and for court review. The tax administrator is also interested in such problems and in the additional problems of locating the reluctant taxpayer and of keeping the morale of taxpayers high through the effective auditing of tax returns.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"34 2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-06-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116486167","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-05-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787623
{"title":"PRELIMINARY PROGRAM 1946 NATIONAL TAX CONFERENCE PALMER HOUSE, CHICAGO","authors":"","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787623","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787623","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"56 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133463995","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-05-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787625
Franklin P. Hall
To the Editor of The Bulletin ; Illinois tax officials and tax attorneys have expressed disagreement and distress over a remark reportedly made by me about railroad taxes in Illinois when talking ofï the record at the dinner of the New England Tax Conference at Oyster Harbors. The publication of the stenographer's notes came without my participation or advance knowledge and I venture to think that the unsuitability of the product for perpetuation in print was due preponderantly to the transscription hazards of intermittent and imperfect stenographic snatches than to the inspiration of pre-prandial courtesies. Let me say therefore that I have no personal knowledge whatever of railroad taxation in Illinois and that I do not recall the original source of the hearsay that Illinois differs so markedly from New Jersey. While in the process of disavowal I should perhaps add that my conviction of undue New Jersey greediness was the fruit of professional efforts to secure judicial clemency and hence is open to the possibility of distortion not wholly lacking in paid advocates. T. R. Powell
{"title":"INDIANA EXPERIENCE WITH GENERAL PROPERTY TAX RATE LIMITATION","authors":"Franklin P. Hall","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787625","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787625","url":null,"abstract":"To the Editor of The Bulletin ; Illinois tax officials and tax attorneys have expressed disagreement and distress over a remark reportedly made by me about railroad taxes in Illinois when talking ofï the record at the dinner of the New England Tax Conference at Oyster Harbors. The publication of the stenographer's notes came without my participation or advance knowledge and I venture to think that the unsuitability of the product for perpetuation in print was due preponderantly to the transscription hazards of intermittent and imperfect stenographic snatches than to the inspiration of pre-prandial courtesies. Let me say therefore that I have no personal knowledge whatever of railroad taxation in Illinois and that I do not recall the original source of the hearsay that Illinois differs so markedly from New Jersey. While in the process of disavowal I should perhaps add that my conviction of undue New Jersey greediness was the fruit of professional efforts to secure judicial clemency and hence is open to the possibility of distortion not wholly lacking in paid advocates. T. R. Powell","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"114 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123100308","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-05-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787627
H. F. Long
{"title":"AMONG THE STATE TAX COMMISSIONS","authors":"H. F. Long","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787627","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787627","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"62 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116784994","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-05-01DOI: 10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787626
R. Lindholm
It may be fairly concluded that rate limitation may have hastened the decline of Indiana average property tax rates that had begun in 1930, though the effect of limitation in motivating this decline is necessarily obscured in 1933 and subsequently by that of the new funds distributed among the localities by the state government after their collection under the terms of the Gross Income Tax. It is evident that the limitations of one, 1.5, 1.25 and two percent were absurdly low and could scarcely have been made literally effective without damage to governmental services and functions. The property tax revenues that might legally have been collected under the 1935 levy had the rate limitations been literally enforced were only slightly more than half the sums that wer actually collected under that levy. From the viewpoint o revenue adequacy it was well that the limitation measures were not effective. From this viewpoint, of course, tax rate limitations should seldom be employed. Insofar as they were effective, the Indiana tax rate limitations made a bad fiscal situation appear to be worse, thus giving emphasis to the " something must be done " school of social planning. It is evident that this emphasis merely underlines the psychotic nature of mass behavior that results in dealing only with superficialities without getting at basic causes. The demand for tax rate limitation must be understood as symtomatic of loss of confidence by taxpayers in the orderly processes of rate readjustment. A panic psychology tends to develop expressing the fear that there is insufficient time for conventional remedies to be made effective, perhaps also that remedial programs will be defeated by adverse political interests. Perhaps the most unfortunate aspect of the matter is that under these circumstances measures which appear to promise substantial revenues are often adopted with little mature consideration of their fiscal equity.
{"title":"GERMANY'S WORLD WAR II DEBT","authors":"R. Lindholm","doi":"10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787626","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787626","url":null,"abstract":"It may be fairly concluded that rate limitation may have hastened the decline of Indiana average property tax rates that had begun in 1930, though the effect of limitation in motivating this decline is necessarily obscured in 1933 and subsequently by that of the new funds distributed among the localities by the state government after their collection under the terms of the Gross Income Tax. It is evident that the limitations of one, 1.5, 1.25 and two percent were absurdly low and could scarcely have been made literally effective without damage to governmental services and functions. The property tax revenues that might legally have been collected under the 1935 levy had the rate limitations been literally enforced were only slightly more than half the sums that wer actually collected under that levy. From the viewpoint o revenue adequacy it was well that the limitation measures were not effective. From this viewpoint, of course, tax rate limitations should seldom be employed. Insofar as they were effective, the Indiana tax rate limitations made a bad fiscal situation appear to be worse, thus giving emphasis to the \" something must be done \" school of social planning. It is evident that this emphasis merely underlines the psychotic nature of mass behavior that results in dealing only with superficialities without getting at basic causes. The demand for tax rate limitation must be understood as symtomatic of loss of confidence by taxpayers in the orderly processes of rate readjustment. A panic psychology tends to develop expressing the fear that there is insufficient time for conventional remedies to be made effective, perhaps also that remedial programs will be defeated by adverse political interests. Perhaps the most unfortunate aspect of the matter is that under these circumstances measures which appear to promise substantial revenues are often adopted with little mature consideration of their fiscal equity.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"129 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-05-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133300335","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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