Pub Date : 1946-11-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787655
Lynn A. Stiles
The estimated cost of the plan in the six states now paying or about to pay the bonus is $863 million. Individual state commitments are about as follows: New Hampshire, $4 million, Vermont, $4 million; Rhode Island, $20 million; Massachusetts, $180 million; Michigan, $270 million; and Illinois, $3 85 million. The defeated bonus in Maine would have cost around $16 million, and the proposed constitutional amendment in New York contemplates an outlay of some $400 million. Including the proposed expenditure in New York, presently estimated cost of the program in the seven states is $1,263 million. The magnitude of the figure is emphasized by a comparison with total state tax collections, including local shares, for the year 1925 which amounted to $1,305 million and for the year 1933 when the total was $1,724 million. Two of the bonus programs (Illinois and Maine) voted on by the electorate were accompanied by tax programs designed to finance the bonds issues, while in Rhode Island and Michigan no specific financial plans were submitted. The failure of the Maine voters to approve the proposal has been attributed to dislike for the accompanying taxes but this proved no deterrent in Illinois.
{"title":"\"FULL FAIR CASH VALUE\" IN THE 1945 ILLINOIS ASSESSMENT EQUALIZATION PROGRAM","authors":"Lynn A. Stiles","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787655","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787655","url":null,"abstract":"The estimated cost of the plan in the six states now paying or about to pay the bonus is $863 million. Individual state commitments are about as follows: New Hampshire, $4 million, Vermont, $4 million; Rhode Island, $20 million; Massachusetts, $180 million; Michigan, $270 million; and Illinois, $3 85 million. The defeated bonus in Maine would have cost around $16 million, and the proposed constitutional amendment in New York contemplates an outlay of some $400 million. Including the proposed expenditure in New York, presently estimated cost of the program in the seven states is $1,263 million. The magnitude of the figure is emphasized by a comparison with total state tax collections, including local shares, for the year 1925 which amounted to $1,305 million and for the year 1933 when the total was $1,724 million. Two of the bonus programs (Illinois and Maine) voted on by the electorate were accompanied by tax programs designed to finance the bonds issues, while in Rhode Island and Michigan no specific financial plans were submitted. The failure of the Maine voters to approve the proposal has been attributed to dislike for the accompanying taxes but this proved no deterrent in Illinois.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"2 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128341982","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-11-01DOI: 10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787658
A. Buehler
In South Carolina, tax payments on bottled drinks and syrups are evidenced by license tax crowns or tax stamps. The crowns are purchased directly from the State Tax Commission and the purchasers are prohibited from selling or disposing of the stamps to other persons. Discounts on crowns are as follows: 0-24, none; 25-49, 5 per cent; 50 and up, 10 per cent. The discount however, applies only to the tax and not to the manufacturer's price or transportation costs which the purchaser is required to pay. The tax is payable monthly. Stamp and crowns are used to evidence payment of the Louisiana soft drink tax. During the war, the Louisiana Department of Revenue permitted the tax to be paid by use of reshaped and plain crowns because of the unavailability of new lithographed crowns. However, the department recently issued a ruling that the tax must be paid upon receipt of bottle crowns. Soft drink crowns in Louisiana may be purchased only from qualified and bonded crown manufacturers, of which there are 30 in the state.
{"title":"THE FEDERAL BUDGET AND TAX PLANNING","authors":"A. Buehler","doi":"10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787658","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/BULLNATTAX41787658","url":null,"abstract":"In South Carolina, tax payments on bottled drinks and syrups are evidenced by license tax crowns or tax stamps. The crowns are purchased directly from the State Tax Commission and the purchasers are prohibited from selling or disposing of the stamps to other persons. Discounts on crowns are as follows: 0-24, none; 25-49, 5 per cent; 50 and up, 10 per cent. The discount however, applies only to the tax and not to the manufacturer's price or transportation costs which the purchaser is required to pay. The tax is payable monthly. Stamp and crowns are used to evidence payment of the Louisiana soft drink tax. During the war, the Louisiana Department of Revenue permitted the tax to be paid by use of reshaped and plain crowns because of the unavailability of new lithographed crowns. However, the department recently issued a ruling that the tax must be paid upon receipt of bottle crowns. Soft drink crowns in Louisiana may be purchased only from qualified and bonded crown manufacturers, of which there are 30 in the state.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"32 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-11-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128677302","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787646
Richard E. Slitor, Anita Wells
{"title":"TAX PROPOSALS IN THE BUDGET STATEMENT OF THE CANADIAN MINISTER OF FINANCE, JUNE 27, 1946","authors":"Richard E. Slitor, Anita Wells","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787646","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787646","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"637 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123077490","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787648
R. Musgrave
yields an annual total of around $4 million. The general unemployment compensation tax plan in Kentucky is similar to that invoked elsewhere. The motor vehicle usage tax, the utility gross receipts tax and the gasoline tax may effect certain industries. The motor vehicle usage tax amounts to 3 per cent of the original sale price or the depreciated value of used' vehicles. It is normally paid but once. The utilities gross receipts tax is an excise tax on the provision of electric current, water, gas, telephone and telegraph services. It is imposed on the consumer but is collected from the supplier of the services who adds it to his price and accounts for it to the state. Manufacturers, however, are largely exempt from payment of the tax, as sales of electricity and gas used for manufacturing, mining, processing and refining are not taxed. This excise is intended to be a consumers tax but may incidentally affect certain producers. Kentucky imposes both an inheritance and an estate tax. The estate tax, which is an adjunct of the inheritance tax, is designed to take full advantage of the federal credit provision in the instance of large estates which are widely distributed among different beneficiaries. The rates of both the inheritance and the estate tax are higher than in the average of the states and the exemption to beneficiaries are lower. The explanation of the modest revenues lies in the fact th t Kentucky is not a rich state compare with the average and in the consequent fact that a given rate and exemption schedule in Kentucky will yield definitely less evenue than the same rate and exemption schedule would produce in the average state. The proportion of total state and local taxes in Kentucky derived from death taxes is about the same as in the average state.
{"title":"DISTRIBUTION OF TAX BURDEN UNDER SALES AND INCOME TAXES","authors":"R. Musgrave","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787648","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787648","url":null,"abstract":"yields an annual total of around $4 million. The general unemployment compensation tax plan in Kentucky is similar to that invoked elsewhere. The motor vehicle usage tax, the utility gross receipts tax and the gasoline tax may effect certain industries. The motor vehicle usage tax amounts to 3 per cent of the original sale price or the depreciated value of used' vehicles. It is normally paid but once. The utilities gross receipts tax is an excise tax on the provision of electric current, water, gas, telephone and telegraph services. It is imposed on the consumer but is collected from the supplier of the services who adds it to his price and accounts for it to the state. Manufacturers, however, are largely exempt from payment of the tax, as sales of electricity and gas used for manufacturing, mining, processing and refining are not taxed. This excise is intended to be a consumers tax but may incidentally affect certain producers. Kentucky imposes both an inheritance and an estate tax. The estate tax, which is an adjunct of the inheritance tax, is designed to take full advantage of the federal credit provision in the instance of large estates which are widely distributed among different beneficiaries. The rates of both the inheritance and the estate tax are higher than in the average of the states and the exemption to beneficiaries are lower. The explanation of the modest revenues lies in the fact th t Kentucky is not a rich state compare with the average and in the consequent fact that a given rate and exemption schedule in Kentucky will yield definitely less evenue than the same rate and exemption schedule would produce in the average state. The proportion of total state and local taxes in Kentucky derived from death taxes is about the same as in the average state.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"52 9","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114042554","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787650
J. W. Martin
modities. It seems likely that the excises will come in for careful scrutiny in the development of the peacetime tax structure. Manufacturers and distributors will of course seek the repeal or reduction of excises on specific commodities in which they deal in order to increase their sales. But in a general revision of excise taxes, changes will have to be made with due regard for revenue needs and the relative importance of various taxed commodities to the maintenance of a prosperous economy. It is reasonable to suppose that our postwar tax structure will differ in many respects from our prewar structure. In part, some of the changes will be a reflection of attitudes that prevailed long before the war, and continue into the postwar period. In part, however, the changes are likely to reflect a new conception of the role which ta es should play in the economy. There is a growing body of opinion that tax policy can exert an important influence in regulating fluctuations in the volume of business and employment, in controlling booms and depressions, and in building a world of stability and plenty. Given this possibility, it is essential that we should approach the task of postwar revision not as protagonists of narrow group interests, but as defenders of the nation's interest as a whole.
{"title":"PROPERTY TAX ASSESSMENTS IN KENTUCKY CITIES","authors":"J. W. Martin","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787650","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787650","url":null,"abstract":"modities. It seems likely that the excises will come in for careful scrutiny in the development of the peacetime tax structure. Manufacturers and distributors will of course seek the repeal or reduction of excises on specific commodities in which they deal in order to increase their sales. But in a general revision of excise taxes, changes will have to be made with due regard for revenue needs and the relative importance of various taxed commodities to the maintenance of a prosperous economy. It is reasonable to suppose that our postwar tax structure will differ in many respects from our prewar structure. In part, some of the changes will be a reflection of attitudes that prevailed long before the war, and continue into the postwar period. In part, however, the changes are likely to reflect a new conception of the role which ta es should play in the economy. There is a growing body of opinion that tax policy can exert an important influence in regulating fluctuations in the volume of business and employment, in controlling booms and depressions, and in building a world of stability and plenty. Given this possibility, it is essential that we should approach the task of postwar revision not as protagonists of narrow group interests, but as defenders of the nation's interest as a whole.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"55 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116214084","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787644
J. W. Martin
{"title":"EDITOR OF THE BULLETIN","authors":"J. W. Martin","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787644","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787644","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"43 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123850365","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787647
Glenn D. Morrow
The special deduction for exploration expense is extended for another year. Excess profits tax exemption for certain types of mines is also continued for another year. New mines are to be taxable at half the new corporate rate in the first three years of operation. Use of the special carry-back against wartime income of one-half of certain postwar maintenance expenditures will be confined solely to income subject to the excess profits tax. The government does not believe that the time has arrived for designating the period during which the special carry-back will be in effect.
{"title":"APPLICATION OF THE KENTUCKY STATE AND LOCAL TAX SYSTEM TO MANUFACTURING","authors":"Glenn D. Morrow","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787647","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787647","url":null,"abstract":"The special deduction for exploration expense is extended for another year. Excess profits tax exemption for certain types of mines is also continued for another year. New mines are to be taxable at half the new corporate rate in the first three years of operation. Use of the special carry-back against wartime income of one-half of certain postwar maintenance expenditures will be confined solely to income subject to the excess profits tax. The government does not believe that the time has arrived for designating the period during which the special carry-back will be in effect.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114895333","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787649
J. O'Connell
of income also decline, which tends to make the effective rate regressive. At the indicated income levels, the combined effect of these two factors results in a declining effective rate. If a larger (or smaller) exemption were granted, and a correspondingly higher (or lower) rate were applied, the general shape of the curve would be unchanged, but it would be shifted to the right (or left), and its peak would be at a higher (or lower) percentage of income. As distinct from the other
{"title":"PROBLEMS IN FEDERAL TAXATION","authors":"J. O'Connell","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787649","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787649","url":null,"abstract":"of income also decline, which tends to make the effective rate regressive. At the indicated income levels, the combined effect of these two factors results in a declining effective rate. If a larger (or smaller) exemption were granted, and a correspondingly higher (or lower) rate were applied, the general shape of the curve would be unchanged, but it would be shifted to the right (or left), and its peak would be at a higher (or lower) percentage of income. As distinct from the other","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116150107","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787645
Ronald B. Welch
{"title":"HENRY C. SIMONS MEMORIAL PRIZES","authors":"Ronald B. Welch","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787645","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787645","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126053929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 1946-10-01DOI: 10.1086/bullnattax41787651
Chester B. Pond
basis of commercial or industrial location or relocation. Numerous other factors, such as employment conditions, availability and cost of power, and transportation facilities greatly outweigh the tax factor in nearly all cases as a consideration incident to the location of business. Therefore, it is incumbent on the municipal official who would make his city attractive to look toward taxation factors as matters of minor significance. He cannot expect that tax policy will in any event revolutionize the local economy.
{"title":"SOME AVIATION TAX PROBLEMS","authors":"Chester B. Pond","doi":"10.1086/bullnattax41787651","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1086/bullnattax41787651","url":null,"abstract":"basis of commercial or industrial location or relocation. Numerous other factors, such as employment conditions, availability and cost of power, and transportation facilities greatly outweigh the tax factor in nearly all cases as a consideration incident to the location of business. Therefore, it is incumbent on the municipal official who would make his city attractive to look toward taxation factors as matters of minor significance. He cannot expect that tax policy will in any event revolutionize the local economy.","PeriodicalId":162826,"journal":{"name":"The Bulletin of the National Tax Association","volume":"266 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"1946-10-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124321134","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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