Organizational culture has been a key factor for many organizational consequences. It has been observed in the previous researches that organizational culture has a direct relationship with job satisfaction. This paper introduce two new moderators namely sexual harassment and personality traits between the organizational culture and job satisfaction. In an Islamic country like Pakistan; high on Hofstede's masculinity and high on glass ceiling for women, sexual harassment from male bosses towards female subordinates and colleagues is of concern. Time and again research has shown the negative outcomes of sexual harassment on the organizational outcomes. For this study a convenience sample of 300 employees was selected from software houses working in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Standard deviation, correlation, regression and moderation have been used for interpretation of the results. This research will help those project based organizations in retaining their skilled employees for increase productivity and developing the personalities of their employees as strong professionals.
{"title":"Sexual Harassment and Personality Traits effecting Job Satisfaction as a Moderator","authors":"Shahbaz Khan, Owais Ahmed Khan","doi":"10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.110","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.110","url":null,"abstract":"Organizational culture has been a key factor for many organizational consequences. It has been observed in the previous researches that organizational culture has a direct relationship with job satisfaction. This paper introduce two new moderators namely sexual harassment and personality traits between the organizational culture and job satisfaction. In an Islamic country like Pakistan; high on Hofstede's masculinity and high on glass ceiling for women, sexual harassment from male bosses towards female subordinates and colleagues is of concern. Time and again research has shown the negative outcomes of sexual harassment on the organizational outcomes. For this study a convenience sample of 300 employees was selected from software houses working in twin cities of Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Standard deviation, correlation, regression and moderation have been used for interpretation of the results. This research will help those project based organizations in retaining their skilled employees for increase productivity and developing the personalities of their employees as strong professionals.","PeriodicalId":162952,"journal":{"name":"Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics","volume":"17 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124126046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In the developing countries such as Pakistan corporate governance is still considered as an emerging idea. Our research focuses on the impact of corporate governance on firms' overinvestment and underinvestment decisions. For this we have taken a sample of 29 firms from years 2011-2013. This data has been extracted from sector leaders listed in Karachi stock exchange and also from the annual reports of these firms. The empirical investigation was conducted through investment equation, descriptive statistics and also by Hausman test to check the validity of hypothesis. This study reveals that corporate governance has a negative yet insignificant impact on over and under investment. The negative sign indicates that corporate governance indeed does control firms' under and over investment decisions. However, we believe that this insignificance is because the quality of corporate governance is not as fulfilling as we expected it to be.
{"title":"An Empirical Insight into Investment and Impact of Corporate Governance on Under-Investment and Over-Investment Phenomenon of Pakistan manufacturing Firms","authors":"Sundus Masood, Nida Aman, Naeem Ullah","doi":"10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.114","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.114","url":null,"abstract":"In the developing countries such as Pakistan corporate governance is still considered as an emerging idea. Our research focuses on the impact of corporate governance on firms' overinvestment and underinvestment decisions. For this we have taken a sample of 29 firms from years 2011-2013. This data has been extracted from sector leaders listed in Karachi stock exchange and also from the annual reports of these firms. The empirical investigation was conducted through investment equation, descriptive statistics and also by Hausman test to check the validity of hypothesis. This study reveals that corporate governance has a negative yet insignificant impact on over and under investment. The negative sign indicates that corporate governance indeed does control firms' under and over investment decisions. However, we believe that this insignificance is because the quality of corporate governance is not as fulfilling as we expected it to be.","PeriodicalId":162952,"journal":{"name":"Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121282492","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This paper aims to investigate the effect of cognitive dissonance behavior of investors on the stock returns. The study investigates that how such behavior plays a role in the liquidation of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The simple regression model was used to identify the significant impact of Cognitive dissonance on market returns. This study facilitates the investors and decision makers to make effective and efficient decisions.
{"title":"Cognitive Dissonance and Market Liquidation: A Case of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE)","authors":"Muhammad Awais, Dr. Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah","doi":"10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.111","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.111","url":null,"abstract":"This paper aims to investigate the effect of cognitive dissonance behavior of investors on the stock returns. The study investigates that how such behavior plays a role in the liquidation of Pakistan Stock Exchange (PSE). The simple regression model was used to identify the significant impact of Cognitive dissonance on market returns. This study facilitates the investors and decision makers to make effective and efficient decisions.","PeriodicalId":162952,"journal":{"name":"Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics","volume":"221 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"132453204","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Afsar Ali Khan, Muhammad Awais, Haussaun A. Syed, Muhammad Fayaz
The inflation stance of world economy has changed significantly and many of the investors now believe that there may be further spike in inflation in medium term. Capital markets serve as a medium to help mobiles the funds from one hand to another and aid in production of more goods and services. Due to political instability, spiking inflation and uncertain climate due to war on terrorism and other security issues, financial markets are not being able to get investors' trust resulting in lack of investment. Inflation which is measured by consumer price index (CPI) shows the overall upward movement in prices of goods and services. The rising prices in response to general inflation can protect investors by increasing the value of stocks in the equity market without affecting their real return. Pakistani economy largely remained impervious to the global financial crisis due to lower exposures to international finance faced multifaceted challenges on external and internal fronts mainly campaign against terrorism, unstable law and order situation, lingering energy shortages and non-materialization of external inflows. This work is limited to developed economies and less work has been done in the developing economies. In this way; this study will contribute valuable insight regarding this relationship in the Pakistani context.
{"title":"Equities as an Effective Hedge against Inflation: Empirical Evidence from Pakistan","authors":"Afsar Ali Khan, Muhammad Awais, Haussaun A. Syed, Muhammad Fayaz","doi":"10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.112","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.112","url":null,"abstract":"The inflation stance of world economy has changed significantly and many of the investors now believe that there may be further spike in inflation in medium term. Capital markets serve as a medium to help mobiles the funds from one hand to another and aid in production of more goods and services. Due to political instability, spiking inflation and uncertain climate due to war on terrorism and other security issues, financial markets are not being able to get investors' trust resulting in lack of investment. Inflation which is measured by consumer price index (CPI) shows the overall upward movement in prices of goods and services. The rising prices in response to general inflation can protect investors by increasing the value of stocks in the equity market without affecting their real return. Pakistani economy largely remained impervious to the global financial crisis due to lower exposures to international finance faced multifaceted challenges on external and internal fronts mainly campaign against terrorism, unstable law and order situation, lingering energy shortages and non-materialization of external inflows. This work is limited to developed economies and less work has been done in the developing economies. In this way; this study will contribute valuable insight regarding this relationship in the Pakistani context.","PeriodicalId":162952,"journal":{"name":"Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics","volume":"148 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125227397","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Numair Ahmed Sulehri, Hina Fayyaz, Sana Iqbal, U. Baneen
The Purpose of the research paper is to investigate the effect of Islamic Scholars as celebrity endorser on customer emotional attitude towards brand. Two Islamic celebrities were taken for study namely Sch1 (Junaid Jamshed) and Sch2 (Dr. Amir Liaquat). Data was collected from 100 respondents via questionnaires, incorporating Celebrity endorsement and emotional attitude towards brand. Celebrity endorsement covered three dimensions namely attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness. Correlation and regression analysis was then employed to examine the relationship, association and effect of the variables on each other. In order to study comparative analysis t-Test was employed. Results indicated a strong, positive and significant association between attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness on emotional attitude towards brand. Regression results specified that attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness affect emotional attitude towards brand positively and significantly. The t-Test results indicated that attractiveness and trustworthiness level was significantly different in two celebrities -high level in case of Sch1. Research has yet not examined celebrity endorsement and its effect on emotional attitude towards the brand from the perspective of Islamic scholars as celebrity endorsers. The current study is the first of this type as per our knowledge. Managers can effectively utilize the research findings of the current study as in today's modern world brand is a critical asset of the company. The present research proves that celebrity endorsement is an effective and efficient tool. On the basis of the research findings it can be argued that celebrity endorser should be one who is considered to be credible on the basis of attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness.
本研究的目的是探讨伊斯兰学者作为名人代言人对顾客对品牌情感态度的影响。两个伊斯兰名人分别是Sch1 (Junaid Jamshed)和Sch2 (Dr. Amir Liaquat)。通过问卷调查收集了100名受访者的数据，包括名人代言和对品牌的情感态度。名人代言涵盖三个维度，即吸引力、专业性和可信度。然后采用相关分析和回归分析来检验变量之间的关系、关联和相互影响。为了研究比较分析，采用t检验。结果显示，吸引力、专业知识和可信度对品牌情感态度有显著的正向影响。回归结果表明，吸引力、专业知识和可信度对品牌情感态度有显著的正向影响。t检验结果表明，两名名人的吸引力和可信度水平存在显著差异，其中Sch1的吸引力和可信度水平较高。研究尚未从伊斯兰学者作为名人代言人的角度考察名人代言及其对品牌情感态度的影响。目前的研究是据我们所知的第一个此类研究。管理者可以有效地利用当前研究的研究成果，因为在当今的现代世界，品牌是公司的关键资产。本研究证明，名人代言是一种有效的、高效的工具。根据研究结果，可以认为名人代言人应该是一个在吸引力、专业知识和可信赖性的基础上被认为是可信的人。
{"title":"Impact of Islamic Scholars as Celebrity Endorser on emotional attitude towards brand","authors":"Numair Ahmed Sulehri, Hina Fayyaz, Sana Iqbal, U. Baneen","doi":"10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.113","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.33897/fujbe.v1i1.113","url":null,"abstract":"The Purpose of the research paper is to investigate the effect of Islamic Scholars as celebrity endorser on customer emotional attitude towards brand. Two Islamic celebrities were taken for study namely Sch1 (Junaid Jamshed) and Sch2 (Dr. Amir Liaquat). Data was collected from 100 respondents via questionnaires, incorporating Celebrity endorsement and emotional attitude towards brand. Celebrity endorsement covered three dimensions namely attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness. Correlation and regression analysis was then employed to examine the relationship, association and effect of the variables on each other. In order to study comparative analysis t-Test was employed. Results indicated a strong, positive and significant association between attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness on emotional attitude towards brand. Regression results specified that attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness affect emotional attitude towards brand positively and significantly. The t-Test results indicated that attractiveness and trustworthiness level was significantly different in two celebrities -high level in case of Sch1. Research has yet not examined celebrity endorsement and its effect on emotional attitude towards the brand from the perspective of Islamic scholars as celebrity endorsers. The current study is the first of this type as per our knowledge. Managers can effectively utilize the research findings of the current study as in today's modern world brand is a critical asset of the company. The present research proves that celebrity endorsement is an effective and efficient tool. On the basis of the research findings it can be argued that celebrity endorser should be one who is considered to be credible on the basis of attractiveness, expertise and trustworthiness.","PeriodicalId":162952,"journal":{"name":"Foundation University Journal of Business & Economics","volume":"128 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2016-08-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124226110","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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