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Mussel foot protein-1 (mcfp-1) interaction with titania surfaces(). 贻贝足蛋白1 (mcfp-1)与二氧化钛表面的相互作用()。
Pub Date : 2012-08-21 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM32439C
Dong Soo Hwang, Matthew J Harrington, Qingye Lu, Admir Masic, Hongbo Zeng, J Herbert Waite

Marine mussels utilize a variety of DOPA-rich proteins for purposes of underwater adhesion, as well as for creating hard and flexible surface coatings for their tough and stretchy byssal fibers. In the present study, moderately strong, yet reversible wet adhesion between the protective mussel coating protein, mcfp-1, and amorphous titania was measured with a surface force apparatus (SFA). In parallel, resonance Raman spectroscopy was employed to identify the presence of bidentate DOPA-Ti coordination bonds at the TiO(2)-protein interface, suggesting that catechol-TiO(2) complexation contributes to the observed reversible wet adhesion. These results have important implications for the design of protective coatings on TiO(2).

海洋贻贝利用各种富含多巴胺的蛋白质在水下粘附,以及为其坚韧和有弹性的大纤维创造坚硬和灵活的表面涂层。在本研究中,用表面力仪(SFA)测量了保护贻贝涂层蛋白mcfp-1和无定形二氧化钛之间的中等强度但可逆的湿粘附。同时,用共振拉曼光谱鉴定了在TiO(2)-蛋白质界面上存在双齿DOPA-Ti配位键,表明儿茶酚-TiO(2)络合有助于观察到的可逆湿粘附。这些结果对TiO(2)表面防护涂层的设计具有重要的指导意义。
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引用次数: 60
Magnetic and optical properties of multifunctional core-shell radioluminescence nanoparticles. 多功能核壳放射纳米粒子的磁学和光学特性。
Pub Date : 2012-07-07 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM15444G
Hongyu Chen, Daniel C Colvin, Bin Qi, Thomas Moore, Jian He, O Thompson Mefford, Frank Alexis, John C Gore, Jeffrey N Anker

When X-rays irradiate radioluminescence nanoparticles, they generate visible and near infrared light that can penetrate through centimeters of tissue. X-ray luminescence tomography (XLT) maps the location of these radioluminescent contrast agents at high resolution by scanning a narrow X-ray beam through the tissue sample and collecting the luminescence at every position. Adding magnetic functionality to these radioluminescent particles would enable them to be guided, oriented, and heated using external magnetic fields, while their location and spectrum could be imaged with XLT and complementary magnetic resonance imaging. In this work, multifunctional monodispersed magnetic radioluminescent nanoparticles were developed as potential drug delivery carriers and radioluminescence imaging agents. The particles consisted of a spindle-shaped magnetic γ-Fe2O3 core and a radioluminescent europium-doped gadolinium oxide shell. Particles with solid iron oxide cores displayed saturation magnetizations consistent with their ~13% core volume, however, the iron oxide quenched their luminescence. In order to increase the luminescence, we partially etched the iron oxide core in oxalic acid while preserving the radioluminescent shell. The core size was controlled by the etching time which in turn affected the particles' luminescence and magnetic properties. Particles with intermediate core sizes displayed both strong magnetophoresis and luminescence properties. They also served as MRI contrast agents with relaxivities of up to 58 mM-1s-1 (r2) and 120 mM-1s-1 (r2*). These particles offer promising multimodal MRI/fluorescence/X-ray luminescence contrast agents. Our core-shell synthesis technique offers a flexible method to control particle size, shape, and composition for a wide range of biological applications of magnetic/luminescent nanoparticles.

当 X 射线照射放射发光纳米粒子时,它们会产生可见光和近红外线,这种光可以穿透几厘米厚的组织。X 射线发光断层扫描(XLT)通过扫描穿过组织样本的窄 X 射线束,收集每个位置的发光情况,从而以高分辨率绘制出这些放射性发光造影剂的位置图。为这些放射性发光粒子添加磁性功能后,就能利用外部磁场对它们进行引导、定向和加热,同时利用 XLT 和互补磁共振成像技术对它们的位置和光谱进行成像。这项研究开发了多功能单分散磁性辐射纳米粒子,作为潜在的药物输送载体和辐射成像剂。这些颗粒由纺锤形磁性 γ-Fe2O3 内核和掺杂铕的放射性氧化钆外壳组成。具有固体氧化铁内核的颗粒显示出与其约 13% 的内核体积相一致的饱和磁化,但氧化铁淬灭了它们的发光。为了增加发光,我们在草酸中部分蚀刻了氧化铁内核,同时保留了放射性发光外壳。内核大小受蚀刻时间的控制,而蚀刻时间又会影响颗粒的发光和磁性。具有中等内核尺寸的微粒显示出很强的磁性和发光特性。它们还可用作磁共振成像对比剂,弛豫度高达 58 mM-1s-1 (r2) 和 120 mM-1s-1 (r2*)。这些颗粒是很有前景的多模式核磁共振成像/荧光/X 射线发光对比剂。我们的核壳合成技术提供了一种灵活的方法来控制颗粒的大小、形状和成分,从而实现磁性/发光纳米颗粒的广泛生物应用。
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引用次数: 0
Using fluorine-containing amphiphilic random copolymers to manipulate the quantum yields of aggregation-induced emission fluorophores in aqueous solutions and the use of these polymers for fluorescent bioimaging. 利用含氟两亲无规共聚物操纵水溶液中聚集诱导发射荧光团的量子产率,并将这些聚合物用于荧光生物成像。
Pub Date : 2012-05-01 Epub Date: 2012-03-14 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM30258F
Hongguang Lu, Fengyu Su, Qian Mei, Yanqing Tian, Wenjing Tian, Roger H Johnson, Deirdre R Meldrum

Two new series of aggregation-induced emission (AIE) fluorophore-containing amphiphilic copolymers possessing the segments of a monomeric AIE fluorophore, N-(2-hydroxypropyl)methacrylamide (HPMA), [2-(methacryloyloxy)ethyl]trimethylammonium chloride (MATMA), and/or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl methacrylate (TFEMA) were synthesized. Photophysical properties were investigated using UV-Vis absorbance and fluorescence spectrofluorometry. The increases of molar fractions of the hydrophobic AIE fluorophores and/or the trifluoroethyl moieties result in the higher quantum yields of the AIE fluorophores in the polymers. Using 1-mol% of AIE fluorophores with the tuning of molar fractions of TFEMA, 40% quantum yield was achieved, whereas only less than 10% quantum yield was obtained for the polymers without the TFEMA segments. The quantum yield difference indicates the importance of the fluorine segments for getting high quantum yields of the AIE fluorophores. These polymers were explored for fluorescent bioimaging using human brain glioblastoma U87MG and human esophagus premalignant CP-A cell lines. All the polymers are cell permeable and located in the cellular cytoplasma area. Cellular uptake was demonstrated to be through endocytosis, which is time and energy dependent. The polymers are non-cytotoxic to the two cell lines. Because the polymers contain (19)F segments, we studied the spin-lattice relaxation time (T1) and spin-spin relaxation time (T2) of these polymers. T1 and T2 are the two important parameters for the evaluations of the capacity of these polymers for further applications in (19)F magnetic resonance imaging ((19)F MRI). Structure influence on T1 and T2, especially for T2, was observed. These new multifunctional materials are the first series of fluorinated polymers with AIE fluorophores for bioapplications.

合成了两个新系列的含聚合诱导发射(AIE)荧光团的两亲共聚物,它们具有 AIE 荧光团单体、N-(2-羟基丙基)甲基丙烯酰胺(HPMA)、[2-(甲基丙烯酰氧基)乙基]三甲基氯化铵(MATMA)和/或甲基丙烯酸 2,2,2-三氟乙酯(TFEMA)的片段。采用紫外可见吸光度法和荧光分光光度法对其光物理性质进行了研究。随着疏水性 AIE 荧光团和/或三氟乙基摩尔分数的增加,聚合物中 AIE 荧光团的量子产率也随之增加。使用 1-mol% 的 AIE 荧光团并调整 TFEMA 的摩尔分数,可获得 40% 的量子产率,而不含 TFEMA 部分的聚合物只能获得不到 10% 的量子产率。量子产率的差异表明,氟段对 AIE 荧光团获得高量子产率非常重要。研究人员使用人脑胶质母细胞瘤 U87MG 和人食道癌前病变 CP-A 细胞系对这些聚合物进行了荧光生物成像研究。所有聚合物都具有细胞渗透性,位于细胞胞浆区域。细胞摄取被证明是通过内吞作用进行的,而内吞作用与时间和能量有关。聚合物对两种细胞系均无细胞毒性。由于聚合物含有 (19)F 片段,我们研究了这些聚合物的自旋晶格弛豫时间(T1)和自旋-自旋弛豫时间(T2)。T1 和 T2 是评估这些聚合物在 (19)F 磁共振成像((19)F MRI)中进一步应用能力的两个重要参数。我们观察到了结构对 T1 和 T2 的影响,尤其是对 T2 的影响。这些新型多功能材料是首个用于生物应用的带有 AIE 荧光团的含氟聚合物系列。
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引用次数: 0
A systematic study of atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition growth of large-area monolayer graphene. 常压化学气相沉积生长大面积单层石墨烯的系统研究。
Pub Date : 2012-01-28 DOI: 10.1039/C1JM14272K
Lixin Liu, Hailong Zhou, Rui Cheng, Yu Chen, Yung-Chen Lin, Yongquan Qu, Jingwei Bai, Ivan A Ivanov, Gang Liu, Yu Huang, Xiangfeng Duan

Graphene has attracted considerable interest as a potential material for future electronics. Although mechanical peel is known to produce high quality graphene flakes, practical applications require continuous graphene layers over a large area. The catalyst-assisted chemical vapor deposition (CVD) is a promising synthetic method to deliver wafer-sized graphene. Here we present a systematic study on the nucleation and growth of crystallized graphene domains in an atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) process. Parametric studies show that the mean size of the graphene domains increases with increasing growth temperature and CH4 partial pressure, while the density of domains decreases with increasing growth temperature and is independent of the CH4 partial pressure. Our studies show that nucleation of graphene domains on copper substrate is highly dependent on the initial annealing temperature. A two-step synthetic process with higher initial annealing temperature but lower growth temperature is developed to reduce domain density and achieve high quality full-surface coverage of monolayer graphene films. Electrical transport measurements demonstrate that the resulting graphene exhibits a high carrier mobility of up to 3000 cm2 V-1 s-1 at room temperature.

石墨烯作为一种潜在的未来电子材料引起了人们的极大兴趣。虽然已知机械剥离可以生产高质量的石墨烯薄片,但实际应用需要大面积连续的石墨烯层。催化辅助化学气相沉积(CVD)是一种很有前途的制备晶圆级石墨烯的合成方法。本文系统地研究了常压化学气相沉积(APCVD)工艺中结晶石墨烯畴的成核和生长。参数化研究表明,石墨烯畴的平均尺寸随生长温度和CH4分压的升高而增大,而畴的密度随生长温度的升高而减小,且与CH4分压无关。我们的研究表明,石墨烯畴在铜衬底上的成核高度依赖于初始退火温度。提出了一种初始退火温度较高、生长温度较低的两步合成工艺,以降低畴密度,获得高质量的单层石墨烯薄膜的全表面覆盖。电输运测量表明,所得石墨烯在室温下表现出高达3000 cm2 V-1 s-1的高载流子迁移率。
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引用次数: 73
Combinatorial screening of chemically defined human mesenchymal stem cell culture substrates. 化学定义的人间充质干细胞培养基质的组合筛选。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM32242K
Justin T Koepsel, Patrick T Brown, Samuel G Loveland, Wan-Ju Li, William L Murphy

Self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) of alkanethiolates on gold are chemically defined substrates that can be used to evaluate the effects of an immobilized biomolecule. However, the types of biomolecules that can influence stem cell behavior are numerous and inter-related, and efficient experimental formats are a critical need. Here we employed a SAM array technology to investigate the effects of multiple, distinct peptides and peptide combinations on human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) behavior. Specifically, we characterized the conjugation of peptide mixtures to SAM arrays and then investigated the combined effects of a bone morphogenic protein receptor-binding peptide (BR-BP), a heparin proteoglycan-binding peptide (HPG-BP), and varied densities of the integrin-binding ligand Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP) on hMSC surface coverage and alkaline phosphatase activity. Results indicate that an amine reactive fluorescent probe can be used to characterize peptide composition after immobilization in SAM array spots. Furthermore, hMSC response to BR-BP and HPG-BP is dependent on GRGDSP density and at day 7, hMSC alkaline phosphatase expression is highly dependent on GRGDSP density. Taken together, we demonstrate how a SAM array approach can be used to probe the combinatorial effects of multiple peptides and motivate further investigations into potential synergies between cell adhesion and other bioactive peptides.

烷硫酸酯在金上的自组装单层(sam)是化学上定义的底物,可用于评价固定化生物分子的效果。然而,能够影响干细胞行为的生物分子类型是众多且相互关联的,有效的实验形式是一个关键的需求。在这里,我们采用SAM阵列技术研究了多种不同肽和肽组合对人间充质干细胞(hMSC)行为的影响。具体来说,我们表征了肽混合物与SAM阵列的结合,然后研究了骨形态发生蛋白受体结合肽(BR-BP)、肝素蛋白聚糖结合肽(HPG-BP)和不同密度的整合素结合配体Gly-Arg-Gly-Asp-Ser-Pro (GRGDSP)对hMSC表面覆盖和碱性磷酸酶活性的综合影响。结果表明,胺反应性荧光探针可以用来表征固定在SAM阵列点后的肽组成。此外,hMSC对BR-BP和HPG-BP的反应依赖于GRGDSP的密度,并且在第7天,hMSC碱性磷酸酶的表达高度依赖于GRGDSP的密度。综上所述,我们展示了如何使用SAM阵列方法来探测多种肽的组合效应,并激发对细胞粘附与其他生物活性肽之间潜在协同作用的进一步研究。
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引用次数: 25
Enhanced Photodynamic Selectivity of Nano-Silica-Attached Porphyrins Against Breast Cancer Cells. 纳米二氧化硅附着卟啉对乳腺癌细胞的光动力选择性增强。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-04-20 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM30897E
Wenbing Li, Wentong Lu, Zhen Fan, Xianchun Zhu, Aisha Reed, Brandon Newton, Yazhou Zhang, Shavelle Courtney, Papireddy T Tiyyagura, Shufang Li, Ebonie Butler, Hongtao Yu, Paresh C Ray, Ruomei Gao

The synthesis and characterization of bare silica (4 nm in diameter) nanoparticle-attached meso-tetra(N-methyl-4-pyridyl)porphine (SiO(2)-TMPyP, 6 nm in diameter) are described for pH-controllable photosensitization. Distinguished from organosilanes, SiO(2) nanoparticles were functionalized as a potential quencher of triplet TMPyP and/or singlet oxygen ((1)O(2)) at alkaline pH, thereby turning off sensitizer photoactivity. In weak acidic solutions, TMPyP was released from SiO(2) surface for efficient production of (1)O(2). By monitoring (1)O(2) luminescence at 1270 nm, quantum yields of (1)O(2) production were found to be pH-dependent, dropping from ~ 0.45 in a pH range of 3-6 to 0.08 at pH 8-9, which is consistent with pH-dependent adsorption behavior of TMPyP on SiO(2) surface. These features make bare SiO(2)-attached cationic porphyrin a promising candidate for use in PDT for cancer treatment in which efficient (1)O(2) production at acidic pH and sensitizer deactivation at physiological pH are desirable. The enhanced therapeutic selectivity was confirmed by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) tests and trypan blue exclusion tests of cell viability in breast cancer cell lines. Bimolecular quenching rate constants of (1)O(2) by free TMPyP, SiO(2) and SiO(2)-TMPyP nanoparticles were also determined.

本文描述了裸二氧化硅(直径4 nm)纳米颗粒附着中四(n -甲基-4-吡啶基)卟啉(SiO(2)-TMPyP,直径6 nm)的合成和表征,用于ph可控光敏。与有机硅烷不同,SiO(2)纳米颗粒在碱性pH下被功能化为三重态TMPyP和/或单线态氧((1)O(2))的潜在猝灭剂,从而关闭了敏化剂的光活性。在弱酸性溶液中,TMPyP从SiO(2)表面释放出来,有效地生成(1)O(2)。通过对1270 nm处(1)O(2)发光的监测,发现(1)O(2)产率与pH有关,在pH 3-6范围内从~ 0.45下降到pH 8-9范围内的0.08,这与TMPyP在SiO(2)表面上的pH依赖性吸附行为一致。这些特性使得裸SiO(2)连接的阳离子卟啉成为癌症治疗中PDT的有希望的候选者,其中在酸性pH下有效的(1)O(2)生成和在生理pH下敏化剂失活是理想的。3-(4,5-二甲基噻唑-2-基)-2,5-二苯基溴化四唑(MTT)试验和台盼蓝排斥试验证实了乳腺癌细胞株细胞活力的增强治疗选择性。测定了游离TMPyP、SiO(2)和SiO(2)-TMPyP纳米颗粒对(1)O(2)的双分子猝灭速率常数。
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引用次数: 29
Zr- and Hf-based nanoscale metal-organic frameworks as contrast agents for computed tomography. 作为计算机断层扫描造影剂的锆和铪基纳米级金属有机框架。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-06-07 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM32299D
Kathryn E Dekrafft, William S Boyle, Laurel M Burk, Otto Z Zhou, Wenbin Lin

Nanoscale metal-organic frameworks (NMOFs) of the UiO-66 structure containing high Zr (37 wt%) and Hf (57 wt%) content were synthesized and characterized, and their potential as contrast agents for X-ray computed tomography (CT) imaging was evaluated. Hf-NMOFs of different sizes were coated with silica and poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) to enhance biocompatibility, and were used for in vivo CT imaging of mice, showing increased attenuation in the liver and spleen.

合成并表征了高Zr(37 wt%)和Hf(57 wt%)含量的UiO-66结构纳米级金属有机框架(NMOFs),并评估了它们作为X射线计算机断层扫描(CT)成像造影剂的潜力。在不同尺寸的 Hf-NMOFs 上涂覆了二氧化硅和聚乙二醇 (PEG) 以增强其生物相容性,并将其用于小鼠体内 CT 成像,结果显示肝脏和脾脏的衰减增加。
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引用次数: 0
An Investigation of Siloxane Cross-linked Hydroxyapatite-Gelatin/Copolymer Composites for Potential Orthopedic Applications(). 硅氧烷交联羟基磷灰石-明胶/共聚物复合材料在骨科中的潜在应用研究()。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-09-07 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM32466K
Jason Christopher Dyke, Kelly Jane Knight, Huaxing Zhou, Chi-Kai Chiu, Ching-Chang Ko, Wei You
Causes of bone deficiency are numerous, but biomimetic alloplastic grafts provide an alternative to repair tissue naturally. Previously, a hydroxyapatite-gelatin modified siloxane (HAp-Gemosil) composite was prepared by cross-linking (N, N'-bis[(3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl]ethylene diamine (enTMOS) around the HAp-Gel nanocomposite particles, to mimic the natural composition and properties of bone. However, the tensile strength remained too low for many orthopedic applications. It was hypothesized that incorporating a polymer chain into the composite could help improve long range interaction. Furthermore, designing this polymer to interact with the enTMOS siloxane cross-linked matrix would provide improved adhesion between the polymer and the ceramic composite, and improve mechanical properties. To this end, copolymers of L-Lactide (LLA), and a novel alkyne derivatized trimethylene carbonate, propargyl carbonate (PC), were synthesized. Incorporation of PC during copolymerization affects properties of copolymers such as molecular weight, T(g), and % PC incorporation. More importantly, PC monomers bear a synthetic handle, allowing copolymers to undergo post-polymerization functionalization with graft monomers to specifically tailor the properties of the final composite. For our investigation, P(LLA-co-PC) copolymers were functionalized by an azido-silane (AS) via copper catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) through terminal alkyne on PC monomers. The new functionalized polymer, P(LLA-co-PC)(AS) was blended with HAp-Gemosil, with the azido-silane linking the copolymer to the silsesquioxane matrix within the final composite.These HAp-Gemosil/P(LLA-co-PC)(AS) composites were subjected to mechanical and biological testing, and the results were compared with those from the HAp-Gemosil composites. This study revealed that incorporating a cross-linkable polymer served to increase the flexural strength of the composite by 50%, while maintaining the biocompatibility of HAp-Gemosil ceramics.
骨缺乏的原因有很多,但仿生同种异体移植物提供了一种自然修复组织的替代方法。先前,通过在HAp-Gel纳米复合颗粒周围交联(N, N'-双[(3-三甲氧基硅基)丙基]乙二胺(enTMOS),制备了羟基磷灰石-明胶改性硅氧烷(HAp-Gemosil)复合材料,以模拟骨的天然组成和性能。然而,拉伸强度仍然太低,许多矫形应用。据推测,在复合材料中加入聚合物链可以帮助改善远程相互作用。此外,设计这种聚合物与enTMOS硅氧烷交联基体相互作用将改善聚合物与陶瓷复合材料之间的附着力,并改善机械性能。为此,合成了l -丙交酯(LLA)和一种新型的炔衍生化碳酸三亚甲基丙炔酯(PC)的共聚物。共聚过程中PC的掺入会影响共聚物的性质,如分子量、T(g)和PC掺入率。更重要的是,PC单体具有合成手柄,允许共聚物与接枝单体进行聚合后功能化,以专门定制最终复合材料的性能。在我们的研究中,P(LLA-co-PC)共聚物通过铜催化叠氮化物-炔环加成(CuAAC)在PC单体上通过末端炔被叠氮硅烷(AS)功能化。新的功能化聚合物P(LLA-co-PC)(AS)与HAp-Gemosil共混,叠氮硅烷将共聚物与最终复合材料中的硅氧烷基体连接起来。对这些HAp-Gemosil/P(la -co- pc)(AS)复合材料进行了力学和生物学测试,并与HAp-Gemosil复合材料的结果进行了比较。该研究表明,加入交联聚合物可以将复合材料的抗弯强度提高50%,同时保持HAp-Gemosil陶瓷的生物相容性。
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引用次数: 20
Surface area and pore size characteristics of nanoporous gold subjected to thermal, mechanical, or surface modification studied using gas adsorption isotherms, cyclic voltammetry, thermogravimetric analysis, and scanning electron microscopy. 采用气体吸附等温线、循环伏安法、热重分析法和扫描电子显微镜对纳米孔金进行热、机械或表面改性的表面积和孔径特征进行了研究。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-02-27 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM16633J
Yih Horng Tan, Jason A Davis, Kohki Fujikawa, N Vijaya Ganesh, Alexei V Demchenko, Keith J Stine

Nitrogen adsorption/desorption isotherms are used to investigate the Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET) surface area and Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH) pore size distribution of physically modified, thermally annealed, and octadecanethiol functionalized np-Au monoliths. We present the full adsorption-desorption isotherms for N(2) gas on np-Au, and observe type IV isotherms and type H1 hysteresis loops. The evolution of the np-Au under various thermal annealing treatments was examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The images of both the exterior and interior of the thermally annealed np-Au show that the porosity of all free standing np-Au structures decreases as the heat treatment temperature increases. The modification of the np-Au surface with a self-assembled monolayer (SAM) of C(18)-SH (coverage of 2.94 × 10(14) molecules cm(-2) based from the decomposition of the C(18)-SH using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA)), was found to reduce the strength of the interaction of nitrogen gas with the np-Au surface, as reflected by a decrease in the 'C' parameter of the BET equation. From cyclic voltammetry studies, we found that the surface area of the np-Au monoliths annealed at elevated temperatures followed the same trend with annealing temperature as found in the BET surface area study and SEM morphology characterization. The study highlights the ability to control free-standing nanoporous gold monoliths with high surface area, and well-defined, tunable pore morphology.

氮气吸附/解吸等温线用于研究物理修饰、热退火和十八硫醇功能化的np-Au整体体的Brunauer, Emmett, and Teller (BET)表面积和Barrett-Joyner-Halenda (BJH)孔径分布。我们给出了N(2)气体在np-Au上的全吸附-解吸等温线,并观察到IV型等温线和H1型滞回线。利用扫描电子显微镜(SEM)研究了不同热处理条件下np-Au的演化过程。热退火后的np-Au的内部和外部图像表明,随着热处理温度的升高,所有独立的np-Au结构的孔隙率都减小。利用热重分析(TGA)对C(18)-SH进行分解,发现用C(18)-SH自组装单层(SAM)(覆盖面积为2.94 × 10(14)分子cm(-2))修饰np-Au表面,可以降低氮气与np-Au表面的相互作用强度,这反映在BET方程的“C”参数的降低上。从循环伏安法研究中,我们发现在高温下退火的np-Au单体的表面积与在BET表面积研究和SEM形貌表征中发现的趋势相同。该研究强调了控制具有高表面积、定义明确、可调孔隙形态的独立纳米孔金单体的能力。
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引用次数: 215
Second Generation Gold Nanobeacons for Robust K-Edge Imaging with Multi-Energy CT. 第二代黄金纳米信标用于多能量CT稳健k -边缘成像。
Pub Date : 2012-01-01 Epub Date: 2012-09-13 DOI: 10.1039/C2JM35334B
Carsten O Schirra, Angana Senpan, Ewald Roessl, Axel Thran, Allen J Stacy, Lina Wu, Roland Proska, Dipanjan Pan

Spectral CT is the newest advancement in CT imaging technology, which enhances traditional CT images with the capability to image and quantify certain elements based on their distinctive K-edge energies. K-edge imaging feature recognizes high accumulations of targeted elements and presents them as colorized voxels against the normal grayscale X-ray background offering promise to overcome the relatively low inherent contrast within soft tissue and distinguish the high attenuation of calcium from contrast enhanced targets. Towards this aim, second generation gold nanobeacons (GNB(2)), which incorporate at least five times more metal than the previous generation was developed. The particles were synthesized as lipid-encapsulated, vascularly constrained (>120 nm) nanoparticle incorporating tiny gold nanoparticles (2-4 nm) within a polysorbate core. The choice of core material dictated to achieve a higher metal loading. The particles were thoroughly characterized by physicochemical techniques. This study reports one of the earlier examples of spectral CT imaging with gold nanoparticles demonstrating the potential for targeted in vitro and in vivo imaging and eliminates calcium interference with CT. The use of statistical image reconstruction shows high SNR may allow dose reduction and/or faster scan times.

光谱CT是CT成像技术的最新进展,它增强了传统CT图像的成像能力,并根据其独特的k边缘能量对某些元素进行量化。K-edge成像特征识别目标元素的高积累,并在正常灰度x射线背景下将其呈现为彩色体素,有望克服软组织内相对较低的固有对比度,并将钙的高衰减与对比度增强的目标区分开来。为了实现这一目标,第二代金纳米信标(GNB(2))被开发出来,它的金属含量至少是上一代的五倍。这些颗粒被合成为脂质包裹,血管受限(>120 nm)的纳米颗粒,在聚山梨酸酯核内含有微小的金纳米颗粒(2-4 nm)。芯材的选择要求实现更高的金属载荷。用物理化学技术对颗粒进行了彻底的表征。本研究报告了早期使用金纳米颗粒进行光谱CT成像的一个例子,证明了靶向体外和体内成像的潜力,并消除了钙对CT的干扰。统计图像重建的使用表明,高信噪比可以减少剂量和/或更快的扫描时间。
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引用次数: 26
期刊
Journal of Materials Chemistry
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