Electroanalysis最新文献

Food safety is crucial for human health, which is compromised by contaminants such as chemicals and pathogens. These contaminations are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in humans. Electrochemical biosensors are an impactful tool for the detection of these contaminants by altering the electrochemical signal due to the interaction between an analyte and a biorecognition element. The recognition element is the main component of an electrochemical biosensor where the analyte interacts. Biorecognition elements for contaminant detection include bacteriophages, DNA, peptides, aptamers, antibodies, polymers, enzymes, whole cells, and combinations of two or more recognition elements. This review focuses on the applicability of all biorecognition elements for the detection of various bacteria, viruses, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, heavy metals, and illegal additives that are most commonly present in food. The data on progress for the detection of all contaminants, including target analytes, working electrodes, recognition elements, electrochemical methods, limit of detection (LOD), standard deviation, and electrode stability.

Food safety is crucial for human health, which is compromised by contaminants such as chemicals and pathogens. These contaminations are one of the major causes of mortality and morbidity in humans. Electrochemical biosensors are an impactful tool for the detection of these contaminants by altering the electrochemical signal due to the interaction between an analyte and a biorecognition element. The recognition element is the main component of an electrochemical biosensor where the analyte interacts. Biorecognition elements for contaminant detection include bacteriophages, DNA, peptides, aptamers, antibodies, polymers, enzymes, whole cells, and combinations of two or more recognition elements. This review focuses on the applicability of all biorecognition elements for the detection of various bacteria, viruses, mycotoxins, pesticide residues, heavy metals, and illegal additives that are most commonly present in food. The data on progress for the detection of all contaminants, including target analytes, working electrodes, recognition elements, electrochemical methods, limit of detection (LOD), standard deviation, and electrode stability.

Precise detection of biomolecules is crucial for disease diagnosis. Traditional detection methods suffer from limitations such as slow results and high costs, restricting their practical application. While electrochemical sensors offer advantages such as rapid detection, ease of operation, and low cost, they are fundamentally constrained by electrode materials. Among numerous candidates, MXene stands out due to its unique 2D structure, enormous specific surface area, excellent conductivity, and abundant surface functional groups (e.g., the electron transfer rate constant of Ti₃C₂Tx exceeds that of conventional materials by 2–3 orders of magnitude), making it one of the ideal materials for electrochemical sensor fabrication. This article comprehensively reviews the latest advances in MXene-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection. It systematically elucidates sensing principles, performance metrics, and material design strategies and for the first time distils a “design grammar” for MXene-based sensors. This establishes universal design principles linking material characteristics (e.g., terminal functional groups and heterostructures) to detection performance (e.g., achieving a glucose detection limit at the aM level). Analysis indicates these rules can guide the construction of sensing interfaces that simultaneously achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This design framework not only points the way for developing high-performance MXene sensors but also provides a critical theoretical framework and practical guide for rational optimization and novel sensing interface design in electroanalytical chemistry, advancing its practical applications in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.

Precise detection of biomolecules is crucial for disease diagnosis. Traditional detection methods suffer from limitations such as slow results and high costs, restricting their practical application. While electrochemical sensors offer advantages such as rapid detection, ease of operation, and low cost, they are fundamentally constrained by electrode materials. Among numerous candidates, MXene stands out due to its unique 2D structure, enormous specific surface area, excellent conductivity, and abundant surface functional groups (e.g., the electron transfer rate constant of Ti₃C₂Tx exceeds that of conventional materials by 2–3 orders of magnitude), making it one of the ideal materials for electrochemical sensor fabrication. This article comprehensively reviews the latest advances in MXene-based electrochemical sensors for biomolecular detection. It systematically elucidates sensing principles, performance metrics, and material design strategies and for the first time distils a “design grammar” for MXene-based sensors. This establishes universal design principles linking material characteristics (e.g., terminal functional groups and heterostructures) to detection performance (e.g., achieving a glucose detection limit at the aM level). Analysis indicates these rules can guide the construction of sensing interfaces that simultaneously achieve ultrahigh sensitivity, selectivity, and stability. This design framework not only points the way for developing high-performance MXene sensors but also provides a critical theoretical framework and practical guide for rational optimization and novel sensing interface design in electroanalytical chemistry, advancing its practical applications in clinical diagnostics and personalized medicine.

In this work, a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for the determination of Paraquat (PQ) in water and food samples, using adsorptive square wave voltammetry. The MIP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results confirmed its composition and chemical bonds. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited two linear response ranges (6.3–200 and 200–500 μmol L⁻¹), with R² = 0.99 and sensitivities of 0.13 and 0.10 µA/µmol L⁻¹, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 3.46 and 6.30 μmol L⁻¹. The method validation demonstrated precision, accuracy, stability, and sensitivity for PQ. Recoveries in water samples showed recovery values between 95.1% and 98.58%, while for food samples (acerola and apple), recoveries were between 83.9% and 97.3%. These results suggest the potential application of the sensor for PQ analysis in food and environmental control.

In this work, a disposable screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE) modified with multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) and molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP) was developed for the determination of Paraquat (PQ) in water and food samples, using adsorptive square wave voltammetry. The MIP was characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), and the results confirmed its composition and chemical bonds. Under optimized conditions, the sensor exhibited two linear response ranges (6.3–200 and 200–500 μmol L⁻¹), with R² = 0.99 and sensitivities of 0.13 and 0.10 µA/µmol L⁻¹, respectively. The limits of detection and quantification were 3.46 and 6.30 μmol L⁻¹. The method validation demonstrated precision, accuracy, stability, and sensitivity for PQ. Recoveries in water samples showed recovery values between 95.1% and 98.58%, while for food samples (acerola and apple), recoveries were between 83.9% and 97.3%. These results suggest the potential application of the sensor for PQ analysis in food and environmental control.

Synergies between the emerging field of organic bioelectronics and microbiology are paving the way for significant advances in biomedical research and medical technology. While in vitro models of infections form the foundation of our current understanding, they cannot replicate the complexity of biological systems. Organic bioelectronics, utilizing conjugated conducting polymers, bridge the gap between abiotic and biotic environments using ions and electrons as charge carriers. Polymer formulations can be easily tuned so that desirable electrochemical properties can be achieved and deposited for use as surface coatings, hydrogels, or 3D composites to monitor or control in vitro as well as in vivo systems. In this review, we explore the role of organic bioelectronics in infection management, highlighting their potential for modeling, detection, prevention, and treatment. These technologies offer new strategies to control microbial colonization, improve infection diagnostics, and enhance therapeutic approaches while addressing challenges such as antibiotic resistance.

Synergies between the emerging field of organic bioelectronics and microbiology are paving the way for significant advances in biomedical research and medical technology. While in vitro models of infections form the foundation of our current understanding, they cannot replicate the complexity of biological systems. Organic bioelectronics, utilizing conjugated conducting polymers, bridge the gap between abiotic and biotic environments using ions and electrons as charge carriers. Polymer formulations can be easily tuned so that desirable electrochemical properties can be achieved and deposited for use as surface coatings, hydrogels, or 3D composites to monitor or control in vitro as well as in vivo systems. In this review, we explore the role of organic bioelectronics in infection management, highlighting their potential for modeling, detection, prevention, and treatment. These technologies offer new strategies to control microbial colonization, improve infection diagnostics, and enhance therapeutic approaches while addressing challenges such as antibiotic resistance.

The abuse of trichlorfon leading a threat to human health through the food chain, it is great important to establish a selective and sensitive determination method for trichlorfon residual. Herein, a functional molecularly imprinted electrochemical sensor was constructed using CuS/MnS heterojunction and multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs). CuS/MnS possesses a highly efficient electron transfer capacity via ion exchange interactions at a given potential, resulting in a favorable signal response. Meanwhile, the signal transmitting efficiency was further promoted by the large specific surface area of MWCNTs. In the preparation of electrochemical sensor, the CuS/MnS was modified on the electrode surface with MWCNTs, and covered by molecularly imprinted layer. The sensor was first incubated into an indicator solution containing potassium ferricyanide, producing a distinct initial signal. Once the target was present, it was identified and captured by the imprinted cavity, which blocked the electron pathway, and the potassium ferricyanide signal subsequently reduced with a measurable level. Under the optimized conditions, the two-stage linear ranges were 1.0–10 and 10–100 nM, with a detection limit of 0.37 nM. In contrast to other complex electrochemical beacons, this work induced heterojunctions and MWCNTs to obtain a satisfactory result via synergistic effect. Furthermore, the recovery rates of 93.70%–105.18% in the real sample assays suggest a prospective application of the proposed sensor in monitoring of pesticide residuals.

This paper describes a novel electrochemical genosensor designed for rapid and simplified detection of Zika virus DNA, using the biological dye safranin as a biomolecular intercalator. The genosensor uses a gold-printed circuit board as electrode, modified with a bilayer formed by cysteamine and graphene quantum dots to immobilize oligonucleotide probes specifically designed for the detection of the Zika virus. The genosensor construction was monitored by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), dynamic force microscope (DFM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Electrochemical detection was carried out based on differential pulse voltammetry, monitoring the peak current of the DNA intercalator (safranin). The genosensor demonstrated high sensitivity, detecting 1.2 pg mL⁻¹, selectivity against other arboviruses (chikungunya and dengue) and good stability for at least 45 days. These parameters indicate potential for use of this genosensor in medical diagnostic testing for Zika virus, aiming at early screening of patients, especially in epidemic situations.