Electroanalysis最新文献

The utility of ion-selective electrodes (ISEs) for solar system exploration was proven during the NASA Mars Phoenix Lander mission, where they were used to assess environmental habitability by quantifying soluble ions in surface regolith and ice. Future in situ missions to ocean worlds of the outer Solar System would benefit from the aqueous chemical measurements provided by ISEs. Here, we verify the performance of ISEs after exposure to specific environmental stressors that can be encountered during outer Solar System missions, specifically near-decade scale transit times, anhydrous conditions, low-temperature extremes (−20° and −80°C), and high radiation doses (300 krad). ISE performance was verified using a combination of calibration and selectivity testing, and under all conditions, tested ISE performance was unaffected by the environmental stressors applied.

Rapid and reliable detection of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in water is critical for safeguarding public health. We developed a dual-mode biosensor that integrates p-benzoquinone (BQ)-mediated colorimetric prescreening with antibody-based electrochemical quantification using screen-printed gold electrodes (SPGEs). BQ serves a dual role by generating a visible color change through its enzymatic reduction by viable E. coli and by participating in a reversible redox cycle that enhances faradaic response during electrochemical analysis. The biosensing platform was validated using E. coli ATCC 25922 together with broad-serotype polyclonal anti-E. coli O/K antibodies, which enable species-level recognition. Under optimized conditions (6.0 mM BQ, 25 µg/mL antibody), the sensor achieved a wide linear range from 10¹ to 10⁹ CFU/mL with a detection limit of 0.57 CFU/mL. Repeatability was excellent (1.51% RSD), and specificity tests demonstrated clear discrimination between viable E. coli, nontarget bacteria (S. aureus), and nonviable cells. This dual-selectivity strategy, combining metabolic activity with molecular recognition, offers a rapid and portable approach for on-site microbial water quality monitoring.

Curcumin, a bioactive polyphenolic compound derived from Curcuma longa, has attracted increasing attention due to its potent antioxidant, anticancer, and anti-inflammatory properties. Accurate quantification of curcumin in complex matrices such as food, biological fluids, and pharmaceuticals is crucial for quality control and therapeutic monitoring. Electrochemical sensing has recently emerged as a promising analytical approach owing to its simplicity, rapid response, and potential for on-site analysis. The incorporation of nanomaterials into electrode architectures has significantly improved sensor performance by enhancing electron transfer kinetics, catalytic activity, and surface area. This review summarizes the recent advances in electrochemical detection of curcumin with a focus on nanomaterial-based electrode modifications, including metal nanoparticles, carbon nanostructures, and conducting polymers. Comparative insights into sensor fabrication strategies, detection mechanisms, and analytical parameters are discussed. Furthermore, current challenges related to reproducibility, selectivity, and real-sample analysis are highlighted, along with future perspectives for the development of miniaturized and robust curcumin biosensors.

A Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt ternary hybrid nanostructure was designed and synthesized to serve as an efficient signal probe for constructing a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The core innovation lies in the rational design of an integrated nanoplatform with a “luminescent core-co-reactant-catalytic shell” architecture, which enables synergistic signal amplification. Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-encapsulated silica nanoparticles (Ru@SiO₂) act as stable ECL emitters, where the silica matrix prevents the leakage of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a polymer with abundant amino groups, serves as an efficient coreactant for Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Furthermore, to address the limited electrical conductivity of Ru@SiO₂, Au@Pt nanostructures were introduced as catalytic amplifiers, which not only possess excellent electrical conductivity to promote electron transfer but also exhibit catalytic activity toward the ECL reaction of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. The synthesis of the Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt nanoparticles was accomplished via electrostatic interaction and/or coordinative bonding between the nitrogen atoms and the Au/Pt centers. The immunosensor was prepared by anchoring anti-PSA antibodies onto the surface of the Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt nanoparticles. The resulting sensing platform demonstrated a broad linear response for PSA detection over the range of 1 × 10⁻¹¹ to 1 × 10⁻⁴ mg·mL⁻¹, achieving a low detection limit of 6.6 × 10⁻¹² mg·mL⁻¹. This work not only provides a robust tool for clinical PSA diagnosis but also offers a generalizable strategy for designing high-performance ECL nanomaterials by integrating luminescent cores with catalytic shells.

A Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt ternary hybrid nanostructure was designed and synthesized to serve as an efficient signal probe for constructing a label-free electrochemiluminescence (ECL) immunosensor for the ultrasensitive detection of prostate-specific antigen (PSA). The core innovation lies in the rational design of an integrated nanoplatform with a “luminescent core-co-reactant-catalytic shell” architecture, which enables synergistic signal amplification. Ru(bpy)₃²⁺-encapsulated silica nanoparticles (Ru@SiO₂) act as stable ECL emitters, where the silica matrix prevents the leakage of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Polyethyleneimine (PEI), a polymer with abundant amino groups, serves as an efficient coreactant for Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. Furthermore, to address the limited electrical conductivity of Ru@SiO₂, Au@Pt nanostructures were introduced as catalytic amplifiers, which not only possess excellent electrical conductivity to promote electron transfer but also exhibit catalytic activity toward the ECL reaction of Ru(bpy)₃²⁺. The synthesis of the Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt nanoparticles was accomplished via electrostatic interaction and/or coordinative bonding between the nitrogen atoms and the Au/Pt centers. The immunosensor was prepared by anchoring anti-PSA antibodies onto the surface of the Ru@SiO₂-PEI-Au@Pt nanoparticles. The resulting sensing platform demonstrated a broad linear response for PSA detection over the range of 1 × 10⁻¹¹ to 1 × 10⁻⁴ mg·mL⁻¹, achieving a low detection limit of 6.6 × 10⁻¹² mg·mL⁻¹. This work not only provides a robust tool for clinical PSA diagnosis but also offers a generalizable strategy for designing high-performance ECL nanomaterials by integrating luminescent cores with catalytic shells.

Benzydamine (BNZ) overdose can lead to serious adverse effects, including hallucinations, urticaria, bronchospasm, and renal dysfunction. Therefore, its selective and sensitive determination is essential. In this study, a novel potentiometric sensor for BNZ was developed using cobalt tetra(diethoxycarbonylmethyl)phthalocyanine (CoPc) as the ionophore. The surface morphology of the sensor was confirmed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The developed sensor exhibited a Nernst slope of 59.6 mV/decade in the concentration range of 1.0 × 10⁻⁸−1.0 × 10⁻² M, a detection limit of 9.5 × 10⁻⁹ M, a fast response time of 10 s, and stable performance in the pH range of 2.10–8.00. It demonstrated a 34-day operational lifetime and high selectivity, with stability further confirmed by water layer tests and potential drift measurements. Successful application in pharmaceutical formulations and physiological serum samples validated its practical utility. Compared to previously reported potentiometric sensors, this sensor offers a wider linear range and lower detection limit, providing a rapid, selective, and reliable tool for BNZ determination.

In this work, an electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive and selective determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was fabricated by modifying the working electrode with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PolyGma) and DBP aptamer. The DBP aptamer was employed as a biorecognition probe, and the PolyGma polymer was a suitable matrix for DBP aptamer immobilization due to its high number of epoxy groups. The biosensor fabrication strategy was based on the covalent binding of DBP-specific aptamer on the working electrode surface. Several electrochemical methods were utilized to characterize various steps of aptasensor fabrication. The introduction of DBP on the biosensor surface led to specific interaction and changed the aptasensor response. The DBP level was quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed assay was permitted to detect DBP in the linear range from 1 to 200 pg/mL with a very low limit of detection (0.295 pg/mL). The suggested aptasensor illustrated high selectivity in the presence of other endocrine disruptors at a fourfold concentration of DBP, and furthermore, it showed long storage stability. In addition, this aptasensor might be effectively regenerated and reused. This aptasensor was also used to quantify DBP levels in DBP-migrated water samples from food packaging materials, with good recoveries ranging from 95.73% to 104.13%. In comparison with the gas chromatography approach, the manufactured aptasensor was ultimately successful in measuring DBP.

In this work, an electrochemical aptasensor for sensitive and selective determination of dibutyl phthalate (DBP) was fabricated by modifying the working electrode with poly(glycidyl methacrylate) (PolyGma) and DBP aptamer. The DBP aptamer was employed as a biorecognition probe, and the PolyGma polymer was a suitable matrix for DBP aptamer immobilization due to its high number of epoxy groups. The biosensor fabrication strategy was based on the covalent binding of DBP-specific aptamer on the working electrode surface. Several electrochemical methods were utilized to characterize various steps of aptasensor fabrication. The introduction of DBP on the biosensor surface led to specific interaction and changed the aptasensor response. The DBP level was quantified using electrochemical impedance spectroscopy. The proposed assay was permitted to detect DBP in the linear range from 1 to 200 pg/mL with a very low limit of detection (0.295 pg/mL). The suggested aptasensor illustrated high selectivity in the presence of other endocrine disruptors at a fourfold concentration of DBP, and furthermore, it showed long storage stability. In addition, this aptasensor might be effectively regenerated and reused. This aptasensor was also used to quantify DBP levels in DBP-migrated water samples from food packaging materials, with good recoveries ranging from 95.73% to 104.13%. In comparison with the gas chromatography approach, the manufactured aptasensor was ultimately successful in measuring DBP.

Although ruthenium-based oxide (RuO₂) is an active catalyst for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), it suffers from lattice oxygen oxidation and dissolution of active sites under high current densities or prolonged operation, leading to a tradeoff between stability and activity. These limitations hinder its large-scale application and impede the commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). Recent studies have demonstrated that doping with transition metals can effectively modulate the electronic structure of RuO₂ and enhance its catalytic properties. In this study, we introduced bismuth (Bi) atoms at varying ratios into the RuO₂ lattice via a sol–gel method, successfully synthesizing a series of Bi_xRu_1-xO₂ (x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) catalysts. Among these, the Bi_0.02Ru_0.98O₂ nanocatalyst exhibited outstanding performance, requiring an overpotential of only 171 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in acidic OER, significantly lower than that of commercial RuO₂. Moreover, it demonstrated exceptional stability, maintaining activity over 24 h of continuous operation.

Although ruthenium-based oxide (RuO₂) is an active catalyst for the acidic oxygen evolution reaction (OER), it suffers from lattice oxygen oxidation and dissolution of active sites under high current densities or prolonged operation, leading to a tradeoff between stability and activity. These limitations hinder its large-scale application and impede the commercialization of proton exchange membrane water electrolyzers (PEMWE). Recent studies have demonstrated that doping with transition metals can effectively modulate the electronic structure of RuO₂ and enhance its catalytic properties. In this study, we introduced bismuth (Bi) atoms at varying ratios into the RuO₂ lattice via a sol–gel method, successfully synthesizing a series of Bi_xRu_1-xO₂ (x = 0.02, 0.03, 0.05, 0.07) catalysts. Among these, the Bi_0.02Ru_0.98O₂ nanocatalyst exhibited outstanding performance, requiring an overpotential of only 171 mV to achieve a current density of 10 mA cm⁻² in acidic OER, significantly lower than that of commercial RuO₂. Moreover, it demonstrated exceptional stability, maintaining activity over 24 h of continuous operation.