Babacar Diouf, Alioune Gaye, Idrissa Dieng, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, El Hadj Ndiaye, Moufid Mhamadi, Assiyatou Gueye, Oumar Ndiaye, Ndeye Marie Sene, Faty Amadou Sy, Oumar Faye, Ibrahima Dia, Scott C Weaver, Mawlouth Diallo, Diawo Diallo
Senegal has experienced periodic epidemics of dengue in urban areas with increased incidence in recent years. However, few data are available on the local ecology of the epidemic vectors. In October 2021, a dengue outbreak was reported in northern Senegal to the Institute Pasteur de Dakar. Entomologic investigations then were undertaken to identify the areas at risk of transmission and to identify the vector(s). Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors at selected households, while containers with water were inspected for mosquito larvae. All the Aedes aegypti (L.) collected were tested for dengue virus NS1 protein using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and positive samples were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The qRT-PCR positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. The majority of the larvae-positive containers (83.1%) were used for water storage. The Breteau and Container indices exceeded the WHO-recommended thresholds for the risk of dengue virus transmission except at 2 localities. Ae. aegypti, the only reputed dengue vector, was collected resting indoors as well as outdoors and biting during the day and night. The NS1 protein was detected in 22 mosquito pools, including one pool of females emerging from field-collected larvae. All NS1-positive results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Virus serotyping showed that the outbreak was caused by DENV-1. This study demonstrates the need for continuous control of adult and aquatic stages of Ae. aegypti to prevent future dengue epidemics in Senegal. RDTs appear to be a promising tool for dengue diagnostics and surveillance.
{"title":"Dengue 1 outbreak in Rosso, northern Senegal, October 2021: entomologic investigations.","authors":"Babacar Diouf, Alioune Gaye, Idrissa Dieng, Cheikh Tidiane Diagne, El Hadj Ndiaye, Moufid Mhamadi, Assiyatou Gueye, Oumar Ndiaye, Ndeye Marie Sene, Faty Amadou Sy, Oumar Faye, Ibrahima Dia, Scott C Weaver, Mawlouth Diallo, Diawo Diallo","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad126","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjad126","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>Senegal has experienced periodic epidemics of dengue in urban areas with increased incidence in recent years. However, few data are available on the local ecology of the epidemic vectors. In October 2021, a dengue outbreak was reported in northern Senegal to the Institute Pasteur de Dakar. Entomologic investigations then were undertaken to identify the areas at risk of transmission and to identify the vector(s). Adult mosquitoes were collected indoors and outdoors at selected households, while containers with water were inspected for mosquito larvae. All the Aedes aegypti (L.) collected were tested for dengue virus NS1 protein using a rapid diagnostic test (RDT), and positive samples were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The qRT-PCR positive samples were subjected to whole genome sequencing using Nanopore technology. The majority of the larvae-positive containers (83.1%) were used for water storage. The Breteau and Container indices exceeded the WHO-recommended thresholds for the risk of dengue virus transmission except at 2 localities. Ae. aegypti, the only reputed dengue vector, was collected resting indoors as well as outdoors and biting during the day and night. The NS1 protein was detected in 22 mosquito pools, including one pool of females emerging from field-collected larvae. All NS1-positive results were confirmed by RT-PCR. Virus serotyping showed that the outbreak was caused by DENV-1. This study demonstrates the need for continuous control of adult and aquatic stages of Ae. aegypti to prevent future dengue epidemics in Senegal. RDTs appear to be a promising tool for dengue diagnostics and surveillance.</p>","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"222-232"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10784780/pdf/","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10234342","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"OA","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Nicholas DeLisi, Marisol Mosqueda Arreola, Shannon O'Meara, Mollie Dimise, Kevin Caillouet
St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District relies on ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides to manage adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Say 1823), the primary vector of West Nile virus in Louisiana, but abundance rarely declines post-treatment. Three field ULV applications each of adulticides containing deltamethrin, naled, or resmethrin were conducted from May through October 2022 to measure efficacy against free-flying Cx. quinquefasciatus. Female mosquitoes trapped before and after treatment were identified, counted, and age-graded by parity dissection. No insecticide applications reduced Cx. quinquefasciatus abundance, but trials with deltamethrin and naled significantly lowered average mosquito age in the area post-treatment. No trials with resmethrin reduced mosquito age, which corroborates laboratory susceptibility data indicating local resistance toward the pyrethroid. These trials establish parity dissections and relative age gradation as a means of measuring treatment success against Cx. quinquefasciatus.
{"title":"Evaluation of ultra-low volume treatments on Culex quinquefasciatus (Diptera: Culicidae) abundance and relative age by parity dissection.","authors":"Nicholas DeLisi, Marisol Mosqueda Arreola, Shannon O'Meara, Mollie Dimise, Kevin Caillouet","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad130","DOIUrl":"10.1093/jme/tjad130","url":null,"abstract":"<p><p>St. Tammany Parish Mosquito Abatement District relies on ultra-low volume (ULV) insecticides to manage adult Culex quinquefasciatus (Say 1823), the primary vector of West Nile virus in Louisiana, but abundance rarely declines post-treatment. Three field ULV applications each of adulticides containing deltamethrin, naled, or resmethrin were conducted from May through October 2022 to measure efficacy against free-flying Cx. quinquefasciatus. Female mosquitoes trapped before and after treatment were identified, counted, and age-graded by parity dissection. No insecticide applications reduced Cx. quinquefasciatus abundance, but trials with deltamethrin and naled significantly lowered average mosquito age in the area post-treatment. No trials with resmethrin reduced mosquito age, which corroborates laboratory susceptibility data indicating local resistance toward the pyrethroid. These trials establish parity dissections and relative age gradation as a means of measuring treatment success against Cx. quinquefasciatus.</p>","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":" ","pages":"175-180"},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-12","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"10228854","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Reviewers for Journal of Medical Entomology (November 2022–October 2023)","authors":"","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad169","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad169","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"3 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2024-01-11","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139438088","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Stanislas Talaga, Gilbert le Goff, Roger Arana-Guardia, Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak, Julián Everardo García-Rejón, Omar García-Suárez, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Valencia, María José Tolsá-García, Gerardo Suzán, David Roiz
The Yucatan Peninsula is a biogeographic province of the Neotropical region which is mostly encompassed by the 3 Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán. During the development of the International Joint Laboratory ELDORADO (Ecosystem, bioLogical Diversity, habitat mOdifications and Risk of emerging PAthogens and Diseases in MexicO), a French–Mexican collaboration between the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) and UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) in Mérida, it became evident that many putative mosquito species names recorded in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula were misidentifications/misinterpretations or from the uncritical repetition of incorrect literature records. To provide a stronger foundation for future studies, the mosquito fauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula is here comprehensively reviewed using current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology, and distribution of species through extensive bibliographic research, and examination of newly collected specimens. As a result, 90 mosquito species classified among 16 genera and 24 subgenera are recognized to occur in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula, including 1 new peninsula record and 3 new state records.
{"title":"The mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula: a comprehensive review on the use of taxonomic names","authors":"Stanislas Talaga, Gilbert le Goff, Roger Arana-Guardia, Carlos Marcial Baak-Baak, Julián Everardo García-Rejón, Omar García-Suárez, Víctor Manuel Rodríguez-Valencia, María José Tolsá-García, Gerardo Suzán, David Roiz","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad168","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad168","url":null,"abstract":"The Yucatan Peninsula is a biogeographic province of the Neotropical region which is mostly encompassed by the 3 Mexican states of Campeche, Quintana Roo, and Yucatán. During the development of the International Joint Laboratory ELDORADO (Ecosystem, bioLogical Diversity, habitat mOdifications and Risk of emerging PAthogens and Diseases in MexicO), a French–Mexican collaboration between the IRD (Institut de Recherche pour le Développement) and UNAM (Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México) in Mérida, it became evident that many putative mosquito species names recorded in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula were misidentifications/misinterpretations or from the uncritical repetition of incorrect literature records. To provide a stronger foundation for future studies, the mosquito fauna of the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula is here comprehensively reviewed using current knowledge of taxonomy, ecology, and distribution of species through extensive bibliographic research, and examination of newly collected specimens. As a result, 90 mosquito species classified among 16 genera and 24 subgenera are recognized to occur in the Mexican Yucatan Peninsula, including 1 new peninsula record and 3 new state records.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"27 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139066805","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Renan Ney Castro de Souza, Yetsenia del Valle Sánchez Uzcátegui, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos
The present study aimed to assess different light sources for sampling phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Bosque Rodrigues Alves, a forested park surrounded by the urban area of Belém in the Brazilian Amazon. Centers for Disease Control traps, baited with blue, green, and warm white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as test group, and incandescent light, as control group, were used. The electromagnetic spectra and luminous intensities of the light sources were characterized. Fractional vegetation cover at each sampling site was also estimated. Abundance, richness, rarefaction curves, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, phlebotomines/trap/hour, and phlebotomines/trap/night were estimated and compared. The light sources of the test group presented greater luminous intensity than the control, but were similar to each other. There were no differences in vegetation cover at each site. A total of 1,346 phlebotomines comprising 11 species were sampled. The most abundant species were as follows: Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942), and Th. brachipyga (Mangabeira, 1942). Light traps with LEDs had richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity indices similar to those obtained with incandescent light. The warm white LED had a higher Simpson’s index than the other light sources. Phlebotomine responses to incandescent light were similar to those to LEDs in most analyses, confirming the applicability of these light sources as alternative devices for entomological surveillance. Low consumption ensures greater autonomy of the traps, providing better operability during fieldwork.
罗德里格斯-阿尔维斯公园（Bosque Rodrigues Alves）是巴西亚马逊贝伦市区周围的一个森林公园，本研究旨在评估不同光源对该公园中的噬线虫（双翅目：Psychodidae）进行采样的效果。试验组使用了美国疾病控制中心的诱捕器，诱饵为蓝色、绿色和暖白色发光二极管（LED），对照组使用白炽灯。对光源的电磁波谱和发光强度进行了表征。还估算了每个采样点的植被覆盖率。估算并比较了丰度、富集度、稀疏度曲线、香农和辛普森多样性指数、血吸虫/诱捕器/小时和血吸虫/诱捕器/夜。试验组的光源比对照组的光源更强，但彼此相似。每个地点的植被覆盖率没有差异。共采样了 11 个物种的 1 346 只海蛞蝓。数量最多的物种如下Nyssomyia antunesi（Coutinho，1939 年）、Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis（Mangabeira，1942 年）、Bichromomyia flaviscutellata（Mangabeira，1942 年）和 Th. brachipyga（Mangabeira，1942 年）。使用 LED 的灯光诱捕器的丰富度、丰度和香农多样性指数与使用白炽灯的诱捕器相似。暖白色 LED 的辛普森指数高于其他光源。在大多数分析中，蚜虫对白炽灯的反应与对 LED 的反应相似，这证实了这些光源作为昆虫监测替代设备的适用性。低消耗确保了诱捕器更大的自主性，为野外工作提供了更好的可操作性。
{"title":"Assessment of light-emitting diodes for sampling phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from an urban park of the Brazilian Amazon","authors":"Renan Ney Castro de Souza, Yetsenia del Valle Sánchez Uzcátegui, Fernando Tobias Silveira, Thiago Vasconcelos dos Santos","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad165","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to assess different light sources for sampling phlebotomines (Diptera: Psychodidae) from Bosque Rodrigues Alves, a forested park surrounded by the urban area of Belém in the Brazilian Amazon. Centers for Disease Control traps, baited with blue, green, and warm white light-emitting diodes (LEDs), as test group, and incandescent light, as control group, were used. The electromagnetic spectra and luminous intensities of the light sources were characterized. Fractional vegetation cover at each sampling site was also estimated. Abundance, richness, rarefaction curves, Shannon and Simpson diversity indices, phlebotomines/trap/hour, and phlebotomines/trap/night were estimated and compared. The light sources of the test group presented greater luminous intensity than the control, but were similar to each other. There were no differences in vegetation cover at each site. A total of 1,346 phlebotomines comprising 11 species were sampled. The most abundant species were as follows: Nyssomyia antunesi (Coutinho, 1939), Trichophoromyia ubiquitalis (Mangabeira, 1942), Bichromomyia flaviscutellata (Mangabeira, 1942), and Th. brachipyga (Mangabeira, 1942). Light traps with LEDs had richness, abundance, and Shannon diversity indices similar to those obtained with incandescent light. The warm white LED had a higher Simpson’s index than the other light sources. Phlebotomine responses to incandescent light were similar to those to LEDs in most analyses, confirming the applicability of these light sources as alternative devices for entomological surveillance. Low consumption ensures greater autonomy of the traps, providing better operability during fieldwork.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"21 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067402","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In 2022, the dramatic reduction of applied and extension urban entomology positions was highlighted and widely discussed by seasoned and nascent urban entomologists alike. In fact, many urban entomologists are calling for a “paradigm shift” within the discipline given the reduction in niche urban entomology-specific positions. Specifically, many individuals are insisting that movement toward a framework where urban entomologists address complex, cross-disciplinary issues and advocate for research funding through science policy is critical for the endurance of the discipline. In this new model, the purpose of urban entomology does not necessarily change, but rather expands to attack questions that may be of interest to the broader scientific community. In addition, this paradigm shift would necessitate increased engagement of urban entomologists with bureaucratic and administrative agencies to communicate the importance of urban pest management, especially in a landscape where funding opportunities and endowments have been reduced, reallocated, or eliminated. To reflect the ongoing transformation within the field of urban entomology, the objectives of this review were to highlight papers published in 2022 that exemplify the broader impacts of urban entomological studies and urban pest management. Studies with ties to global public health and Entomological Society of America science policy initiatives are highlighted to encourage urban entomologists to consider the far-reaching influence of their research.
{"title":"Shifting the paradigm: highlights from 2022 demonstrate broad public health impacts of applied urban entomology","authors":"Sydney E Crawley","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad159","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad159","url":null,"abstract":"In 2022, the dramatic reduction of applied and extension urban entomology positions was highlighted and widely discussed by seasoned and nascent urban entomologists alike. In fact, many urban entomologists are calling for a “paradigm shift” within the discipline given the reduction in niche urban entomology-specific positions. Specifically, many individuals are insisting that movement toward a framework where urban entomologists address complex, cross-disciplinary issues and advocate for research funding through science policy is critical for the endurance of the discipline. In this new model, the purpose of urban entomology does not necessarily change, but rather expands to attack questions that may be of interest to the broader scientific community. In addition, this paradigm shift would necessitate increased engagement of urban entomologists with bureaucratic and administrative agencies to communicate the importance of urban pest management, especially in a landscape where funding opportunities and endowments have been reduced, reallocated, or eliminated. To reflect the ongoing transformation within the field of urban entomology, the objectives of this review were to highlight papers published in 2022 that exemplify the broader impacts of urban entomological studies and urban pest management. Studies with ties to global public health and Entomological Society of America science policy initiatives are highlighted to encourage urban entomologists to consider the far-reaching influence of their research.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"97 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139068049","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Necrophagous Diptera are the most important group of insects used for the purposes of forensic entomology. While the most utilized fly family in this context is the family Calliphoridae, there are several other families that can be of great importance during real-case investigations. This article analyzes the necrophagous flies of all families recorded from 160 real cases in Switzerland between 1993 and 2007. A total of 56 species belonging to 16 families was identified with Calliphoridae being the most dominant family (90.63% of all cases), followed by Muscidae (26.25%), Sarcophagidae (19.38%), Phoridae (14.38%), and Fanniidae (12.50%). For specimens that were difficult to identify morphologically, a new PCR primer has been specifically designed for the amplification of a short, informative COI barcode in degraded museum samples of forensically important Diptera taxa. The richest family in terms of species was the family Muscidae with 16 species. Fannia fuscula (Fallen) and Fannia monilis (Haliday) were recorded from human cadavers for the first time. The study highlights the importance of different fly families in forensic investigation, enhancing our comprehension of their prevalence and dispersion in real cases in Central Europe. The results pave the way for additional exploration, especially regarding the involvement of less frequently observed species in forensic entomology.
{"title":"All insects matter: a review of 160 entomology cases from 1993 to 2007 in Switzerland—part I (Diptera)","authors":"Jiri Hodecek, Luca Fumagalli, Pavel Jakubec","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad164","url":null,"abstract":"Necrophagous Diptera are the most important group of insects used for the purposes of forensic entomology. While the most utilized fly family in this context is the family Calliphoridae, there are several other families that can be of great importance during real-case investigations. This article analyzes the necrophagous flies of all families recorded from 160 real cases in Switzerland between 1993 and 2007. A total of 56 species belonging to 16 families was identified with Calliphoridae being the most dominant family (90.63% of all cases), followed by Muscidae (26.25%), Sarcophagidae (19.38%), Phoridae (14.38%), and Fanniidae (12.50%). For specimens that were difficult to identify morphologically, a new PCR primer has been specifically designed for the amplification of a short, informative COI barcode in degraded museum samples of forensically important Diptera taxa. The richest family in terms of species was the family Muscidae with 16 species. Fannia fuscula (Fallen) and Fannia monilis (Haliday) were recorded from human cadavers for the first time. The study highlights the importance of different fly families in forensic investigation, enhancing our comprehension of their prevalence and dispersion in real cases in Central Europe. The results pave the way for additional exploration, especially regarding the involvement of less frequently observed species in forensic entomology.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"206 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067349","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Romário de Sousa Oliveira, Karen Brayner Andrade Pimentel, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva, Antonia Suely Guimarães-e-Silva, Maria Edileuza Soares Moura, Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro
Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Maranhão, Brazil and presents a significant public health problem. However, its transmission dynamics and determining factors are not clearly understood. In this context, geospatial technologies help interpret the process. This study, then, characterized the space–time dynamics and the influence of social vulnerability on CL in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil. This is an ecological study about new cases of CL in Maranhão, from 2007 to 2020, obtained directly from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The incidence rate was smoothed using a spatial empirical Bayesian method. Subsequently, global and local Moran statistics and their association with social vulnerability indicators were determined. Disease distribution was not random but grouped in space and time. All Social Vulnerability Index domains were positively correlated with the CL incidence. A likely cluster was detected in western Maranhão (P < 0.001), which encompassed 18 municipalities, from January 2007 to December 2013, with a high relative risk (5.06). The research findings suggest that planning public health actions and allocating resources should be prioritized in these areas to help effectively reduce the incidence of the disease.
{"title":"Spatial-temporal risk clusters, social vulnerability, and identification of priority areas for surveillance and control of cutaneous leishmaniasis in Maranhão, Brazil: an ecological study","authors":"Romário de Sousa Oliveira, Karen Brayner Andrade Pimentel, Rosa Cristina Ribeiro da Silva, Antonia Suely Guimarães-e-Silva, Maria Edileuza Soares Moura, Valéria Cristina Soares Pinheiro","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad163","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad163","url":null,"abstract":"Cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL) is a neglected disease widely distributed in Maranhão, Brazil and presents a significant public health problem. However, its transmission dynamics and determining factors are not clearly understood. In this context, geospatial technologies help interpret the process. This study, then, characterized the space–time dynamics and the influence of social vulnerability on CL in an endemic area in Northeast Brazil. This is an ecological study about new cases of CL in Maranhão, from 2007 to 2020, obtained directly from the Notifiable Diseases Information System. The incidence rate was smoothed using a spatial empirical Bayesian method. Subsequently, global and local Moran statistics and their association with social vulnerability indicators were determined. Disease distribution was not random but grouped in space and time. All Social Vulnerability Index domains were positively correlated with the CL incidence. A likely cluster was detected in western Maranhão (P &lt; 0.001), which encompassed 18 municipalities, from January 2007 to December 2013, with a high relative risk (5.06). The research findings suggest that planning public health actions and allocating resources should be prioritized in these areas to help effectively reduce the incidence of the disease.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067296","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
We developed a predictive model for activities and outbreaks of female Aedes albopictus Skuse, using meteorological data. The number of Ae. albopictus collected from human bait-sweep net collection (h-BNC) surveillance, conducted by the local government between 2010 and 2019 in Japan, was adopted as a mosquito-activity indicator. The best model was composed of the backward cumulative and backward moving mean of meteorological data (parameters that were measured daily include mean, maximum, and minimum temperature, mean humidity, amount of precipitation, maximum wind speed, and sunshine hours). The root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the best model for the test set, which was not included in the training dataset, were 1.33 and 0.74, respectively. The best model was applied to predict the number of Ae. albopictus obtained from our own h-BNC surveillance in Okazaki City, Japan. RMSE and R2 of the results were 1.17 and 0.92, respectively. The present model, using publicly available meteorological values, can predict the collection number of adult Ae. albopictus using h-BNC surveillance thereby providing information to control mosquito activities and outbreaks. Therefore, it may be possible to mitigate the risk of mosquito-borne infections and secondary adverse effects of mosquito bites, such as infectious impetigo and deterioration of the quality of life.
{"title":"Density predictive model for an outbreak in adult female Aedes albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) in Japan","authors":"Satoru Watanabe, Kunihiko Nakane, Yugo Kitahara, Nanami Nishihara, Hiroshi Nomura, Fumiaki Fukase, Kohei Uno, Takaaki Kondo, Jun Ueyama","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad166","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad166","url":null,"abstract":"We developed a predictive model for activities and outbreaks of female Aedes albopictus Skuse, using meteorological data. The number of Ae. albopictus collected from human bait-sweep net collection (h-BNC) surveillance, conducted by the local government between 2010 and 2019 in Japan, was adopted as a mosquito-activity indicator. The best model was composed of the backward cumulative and backward moving mean of meteorological data (parameters that were measured daily include mean, maximum, and minimum temperature, mean humidity, amount of precipitation, maximum wind speed, and sunshine hours). The root mean squared error (RMSE) and the coefficient of determination (R2) of the best model for the test set, which was not included in the training dataset, were 1.33 and 0.74, respectively. The best model was applied to predict the number of Ae. albopictus obtained from our own h-BNC surveillance in Okazaki City, Japan. RMSE and R2 of the results were 1.17 and 0.92, respectively. The present model, using publicly available meteorological values, can predict the collection number of adult Ae. albopictus using h-BNC surveillance thereby providing information to control mosquito activities and outbreaks. Therefore, it may be possible to mitigate the risk of mosquito-borne infections and secondary adverse effects of mosquito bites, such as infectious impetigo and deterioration of the quality of life.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"7 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067401","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Collin O’Connor, Melissa A Prusinski, Jared Aldstadt, Richard C Falco, JoAnne Oliver, Jamie Haight, Keith Tober, Lee Ann Sporn, Jennifer White, Dustin Brisson, P Bryon Backenson
The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a cause of statistical and visual bias when aggregating data according to spatial units, particularly when spatial units may be changed arbitrarily. The MAUP is a concern in vector-borne disease research when entomological metrics gathered from point-level sampling data are related to epidemiological data aggregated to administrative units like counties or ZIP Codes. Here, we assess the statistical impact of the MAUP when calculating correlations between randomly aggregated cases of anaplasmosis in New York State during 2017 and a geostatistical layer of an entomological risk index for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, Acari: Ixodidae) collected during the fall of 2017. Correlations were also calculated using various administrative boundaries for comparison. We also demonstrate the impact of the MAUP on data visualization using choropleth maps and offer pycnophylactic interpolation as an alternative. Polygon simulations indicate that increasing the number of polygons decreases correlation coefficients and their variability. Correlation coefficients calculated using ZIP Code tabulation area and Census tract polygons were beyond 4 standard deviations from the mean of the simulated correlation coefficients. These results indicate that using smaller polygons may not best incorporate the geographical context of the tick-borne disease system, despite the tendency of researchers to strive for more granular spatial data and associations.
{"title":"Assessing the impact of areal unit selection and the modifiable areal unit problem on associative statistics between cases of tick-borne disease and entomological indices","authors":"Collin O’Connor, Melissa A Prusinski, Jared Aldstadt, Richard C Falco, JoAnne Oliver, Jamie Haight, Keith Tober, Lee Ann Sporn, Jennifer White, Dustin Brisson, P Bryon Backenson","doi":"10.1093/jme/tjad157","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1093/jme/tjad157","url":null,"abstract":"The modifiable areal unit problem (MAUP) is a cause of statistical and visual bias when aggregating data according to spatial units, particularly when spatial units may be changed arbitrarily. The MAUP is a concern in vector-borne disease research when entomological metrics gathered from point-level sampling data are related to epidemiological data aggregated to administrative units like counties or ZIP Codes. Here, we assess the statistical impact of the MAUP when calculating correlations between randomly aggregated cases of anaplasmosis in New York State during 2017 and a geostatistical layer of an entomological risk index for Anaplasma phagocytophilum in blacklegged ticks (Ixodes scapularis Say, Acari: Ixodidae) collected during the fall of 2017. Correlations were also calculated using various administrative boundaries for comparison. We also demonstrate the impact of the MAUP on data visualization using choropleth maps and offer pycnophylactic interpolation as an alternative. Polygon simulations indicate that increasing the number of polygons decreases correlation coefficients and their variability. Correlation coefficients calculated using ZIP Code tabulation area and Census tract polygons were beyond 4 standard deviations from the mean of the simulated correlation coefficients. These results indicate that using smaller polygons may not best incorporate the geographical context of the tick-borne disease system, despite the tendency of researchers to strive for more granular spatial data and associations.","PeriodicalId":16325,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Entomology","volume":"9 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":2.1,"publicationDate":"2023-12-29","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139067294","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":3,"RegionCategory":"农林科学","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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