Journal of Nepal Health Research Council最新文献

Background: Human papilloma virus is the leading cause of cervical cancer with Human papilloma virus 16 and 18 being the commonest variants. The primary prevention by vaccination against HPV is finally gaining its momentum. This study aimed to evaluate the knowledge and attitude towards Human papilloma virus and Human papilloma virus vaccine and highlighted on the setback of their inadequate knowledge.

Methods: This was a community based cross sectional study done among 120 women who attended cervical cancer screening camp at satellite clinic of Paropakar Maternity and Women`s Hospital at Bhaisepati of Kathmandu district. The interview was done one on one with a preformed questionnaire. Data was primarily entered in an individual form and analysis was done using SPSS version 23 program and was depicted in tables, diagrams and chart.

Results: The mean age of the women was 41.8±9.9 with majority belonging to age group 41-50 years (47.16%), 88 (74%) women were multiparous,59 (49%) were uneducated and 50 (33%) were previously screened for cervical cancer. Among 27 (22%) of the women who had heard about HPV and knew that it causes cervical cancer, most of them have heard from social media while 110(91.6%) did not know about its vaccine and its availability while 100% of the participants had positive attitude towards receiving the information and keen on vaccinating their daughters.

Conclusions: Knowledge and awareness of Human Papilloma Virus and its vaccine still remains low among the women in our society. However, there was high acceptance of HPV vaccine, indicating potentially high uptake rates in these communities.

Background: Hypertension is a major risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and dementia. Early detection and management are crucial for preventing these complications. However, many people lack awareness regarding their blood pressure. The study aimed to assess the prevalence of hypertension and its associated factors in rural communities.

Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted among 525 middle-aged (35-60 years) residents of the Rupa Rural Municipality, Nepal, from August to December 2020. Chi-square test and multivariate logistic regression were performed to identify the factors associated with hypertension at a 5% level of significance.

Results: More than half (50.9%) of the respondents had normal to elevated systolic pressure, while only one-third (33.9%) had normal to elevated diastolic pressure. Only 47.4% of the hypertensive participants were aware of their hypertensive condition. Being a male (aOR: 1.903; 95% CI: 1.184-3.030), in middle age of 45-55 years (aOR: 2.002; 95% CI: 1.152-3.478), having basic education (aOR: 2.014; 95% CI:1.174-3.455), currently consuming alcohol (aOR: 1.923; 95% CI: 1.095-3.375), and being overweight/ obese (aOR: 1.899; 95% CI: 1.262-2.859) were identified as significant factors associated with hypertension.

Conclusions: The studys findings emphasize the urgency of interventions to improve awareness of hypertension and its management to improve health outcomes. Targeted interventions will have an opportunity to reduce the burden of hypertension which is an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases among the middle-aged population.

Background: Medical student syndrome (MSS) entails the development of symptoms of the same disease as the one being studied in medical students. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of Medical student syndrome among medical students in Nepal and identify associated factors.

Methods: A Cross-sectional study was conducted at Lumbini Medical College Palpa, Nepal on medical students. Google form-based questionnaire was made, and the link was distributed to the students. A cut-off score was derived for Medical student syndrome. Students whose scores exceeded this threshold were categorized as having experienced Medical student syndrome. The responses received from the consenting students were downloaded in a Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and exported to SPSS v 26 and analysed.

Results: The overall prevalence of Medical student syndrome was 17.8%. There was no significant difference in Medical student syndrome scores between genders (p = 0.801). However, year of study significantly influenced Medical student syndrome scores (p = 0.001, η² = 0.069), with final year students reporting higher scores.

Conclusions: This cross-sectional study revealed a significant prevalence of Medical Student Syndrome among medical students in Nepal, with nearly 18% reporting symptoms of the condition.

Backgrounds: Eye donation is an act of donating, one's eyes, mostly the cornea after his/her death. According to World Health Organization (WHO) estimates every 5 second, someone goes blind. There are currently about 45 million blind people in the world which increases by 1 to 2 million every year. The study aimed to identify and explore the awareness of eye donation among university students in Morang, Nepal.

Methods: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on Undergraduate Students of Purbanchal University School of Health Sciences a constituent college of Purbanchal University situated in Sundarharaicha Municipality of Morang District of Nepal. Population proportionate simple random sampling technique was applied to allocate the sample size.

Results: Among the total of 177 respondents, 22.0% are from the Pharmacy faculty, 22.6% from Public Health, and 55.4% from Nursing. Out of the total respondents, 98.9% were aware of eye donation, while only 1.1% had no awareness. About 86.9%, of the respondents correctly identified the cornea as a donatable part. However, a smaller percentage mentioned the retina (4.0%), eye ball (6.9%), and lens (2.3%).

Conclusions: The findings of the study on awareness of eye donation suggest the need for targeted educational interventions to enhance understanding the parts of eye for donation and avoiding the misconceptions about various aspects of eye donation among Health Sciences students.

Background: Self-management behaviour is crucial for halting the progression of the disease and preventing exacerbations and hospitalizations in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases. Hence, this study aimed to assess self-care practice among patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases attending at a teaching hospital.

Methods: Cross-sectional study was carried out among 106 patients who were diagnosed to have Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and attending at respiratory and critical care medicine department of Chitwan Medical College Teaching Hospital. Convenience sampling technique was used to select 106 samples for the study. Structured interview schedule and observation checklist were used to collect the data. Data analysis was performed in SPSS version 23 for window using descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: The finding of this study revealed that 50.0% of patients with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases had high and 50.0% had low self-care practice. Only 5.7% were using inhaler correctly whereas 94.3% of patients were using inhaler incorrectly, Furthermore, marital status, ethnicity and level of depression were found to be the significant factors associated with self-care practice of the patients.

Conclusions: Half of the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases have low self-care practice whereas almost all are using inhaler incorrectly. Hence, self-management intervention program is needed for the patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases to enhance their knowledge and skill on self-care practice including inhaler use.

Background: Worldwide, Fetal growth restriction is a leading cause of stillbirth, neonatal mortality, and morbidity. Several maternal factors influence fetal growth and increases the risk of fetal growth restriction. Our study aimed to determine the risk factors and perinatal outcome of fetal growth restriction at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu.

Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of Obstetrics and Gynecology at Tribhuvan University teaching hospital. A total of 140 Pregnant women at > 28 weeks period of gestation clinically diagnosed as FGR and fulfilling the inclusion criteria were enrolled in this study. The data was analyzed using SPSS 23. The association between various risk factors and FGR was studied using the binary logistic regression.

Results: Among the 140 FGR fetuses, 27.9 % (39) belonged to the <10th percentile (Mild Fetal growth restriction) and 72.1%(101) belonged to<5th percentile (Severe Fetal growth restriction). Maternal age more than 35 years was found to be statistically significant as a risk factor in the severe Fetal growth restriction group. Among the maternal co-morbidities, hypertensive disorder of pregnancy was found to be the most common co-morbidity followed by heart disease and thyroid disorders. The Fetal growth restriction neonates requiring neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) stay was 42 (30%) and the median neonatal intensive care unit stay was 4 days. The fetal morbidities associated with fetal growth restriction were prematurity,respiratory distress syndrome(RDS), sepsis, meconium aspiration syndrome(MAS) and neonatal jaundice (NNJ). Among the 140 FGR babies, 138 were live born and there were 2 neonatal deaths (NND).

Conclusions: In our study ,advanced maternal age is found to be a significant risk factor for Fetal growth restriction and gestational hypertension is the most common comorbidity associated with Fetal growth restriction. Therefore, identification of such women, their regular antenatal checkups, fetal surveillance and timely intervention are crucial for better perinatal outcome.

Background: Relief of pain is a basic need and right of all children; effective pain management requires health professionals to be able to apply several interventions to achieve optimal results. The current study aimed to discover the Effectiveness of Video-assisted Distraction Therapy on Children's Pain Perceptions during Peripheral Venous Cannulation in Pediatric Wards of Biratnagar, Nepal.

Method: A quasi-experimental study was conducted at Pediatric Wards of different hospitals in Biratnagar. Data collection was done from Feb 27, 2023, to April 28, 2023. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was adopted in selecting the desired sample size. Data was collected through an interview questionnaire and a standard observational checklist, the FLACC pain rating scale. The experimental group received video-assisted distraction therapy as an intervention, while the control group received routine intravenous care from the nurses.

Results: There is a significant difference between the pain perception score in the experimental and control group during peripheral venous cannulation (p= <0.001) during and after two minutes of cannulation. Similarly, the level of pain was also different in both groups, 42.5% of children in the experimental group perceived moderate pain, 37.5% perceived mild pain and 20% reported severe pain whereas 92.5% of respondents perceived severe pain and only 7.5% perceived moderate pain during peripheral venous cannulation.

Conclusions: Video-assisted Distraction Therapy was very efficient at distracting children from their pain during intravenous cannulation.

Background: Distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms account for 3% to 7% of intracranial aneurysms. They have increased risk of premature rupture during surgery and tend to have a higher morbidity. We aim to determine the clinical characteristics, management strategies and outcomes of patients with these aneurysms who underwent microsurgical clipping at a major university hospital in Nepal.

Methods: This is a retrospective study of patients with distal anterior cerebral artery aneurysms who underwent microsurgical clipping between 2012-2022. Demographic data and clinical-radiological factors like Hunt and Hess grade, aneurysm location, and modified Rankin scale score at three, six, and 12 months were collected.

Results: A total of 26 aneurysms were microsurgically clipped in 20 patients in ten years. Most patients presented with Hunt and Hess grade II. Of the 26 aneurysms, 16 (62%) were in A3 segment. Six patients had associated anterior communicating artery aneurysm, two patients had middle cerebral artery aneurysm and two patients had associated arteriovenous malformation. Sixteen patients (80%) had a favorable outcome (modified Rankin scale ≤2) at 12 months follow-up.

Conclusions: Aneurysms in the distal anterior cerebral artery locations are a challenging subset of aneurysms to treat. The majority of the patients had aneurysms in A3 segment and 80% patients had a favourable outcome at 12 months follow up period.

Background: The Logic model was primarily used in educational programs and then to evaluate tuberculosis control, cervical cancer prevention programs, and cardiovascular disease in health. Unlike cervical cancer, there is a gap in screening for ovarian cancer. However, clinical services exist. Thus, the Logic model has been used to evaluate the service standards for the secondary prevention of ovarian cancer.

Methods: This is the multi-centric service evaluation research adopted from the Logic Model. There are four domains namely utility, feasibility, propriety, and accuracy standards in the Logic model that includes 53 question items altogether for each participant. For each item, the participants responded on a Likert scale to assess their satisfaction with the service provided to the patients. There are 5-point satisfaction levels from strongly disagree to agree strongly. The internal consistency of items was calculated and the factor analysis was performed. Software used were Microsoft Excel, SPSS, SPSS Amos, and R.

Results: The agreement level of all specialist participants was satisfactory for the current prediction and management approach to ovarian cancer with a median value of 73.5% towards positive sentiment. Cronbach's alfa was at an acceptable level of more than 0.8 for utility, feasibility, and accuracy domains. The propriety domain had poor yield. Chi-squared test-based model fit is good (Baseline and Factor Models <0.001) and Barlott's test of sphericity is likely to work (X2=5460.242, df=1378, and p<0.001). Other confirmatory factors were not at an acceptable level.

Conclusions: The logic model may work to predict ovarian cancer with an acceptable level of reliability, however for the perfect fit it requires a larger sample size.

Background: Maternal mental health problems are globally considered as a major public health challenge. Postnatal stress affects mothers and children's physical as well as mental wellbeing. The objective of the study is to assess stress and coping strategies of postnatal mothers.

Methods: A cross-sectional descriptive study design was carried out at Immunization clinic of Lumbini Provincial Hospital. Purposive sampling technique was used to collect data among 152 mothers. Data was collected through a structured interview questionnaire using Perceived stress scale and Brief Cope. Data analysis was done through descriptive and inferential statistics.

Results: Findings of the study revealed that 25.7% mothers had mild stress; 72.4% had moderate stress, and only 2% had severe stress. Regarding coping mechanism, mostly used coping strategies were problem focused coping strategies and 90.1% mother adopted adaptive coping. While there was statistically significant between stress and age (p=.016), residence (p=.022) and occupation (p=<.001). Likewise, there was statistically significant between coping and age (p=.003), residence (p=.045), occupation (p=.018), sex of the baby (p=.005) and living during postnatal periods (p=.023).

Conclusions: The majority of the postnatal mothers had some form of stress. However, most of the postnatal mothers managed their stress through adaptive and problem based coping strategies in their own ways. Thus, there was a prime need to pay attention for promotion of their coping strategies that definitely enhance the mental status of the postnatal mothers.