The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of selected plants extracts (Achyranthes aspera, Lawsonia inermis, Ficus benghalensis, Raphnus sativus and Macrotyloma uniflorum). The methanol extract of selected plants was analysed for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity using nucleation, aggregation and growth assay of calcium oxalate (CaOX) monohydrate crystals. The nucleation, aggregation and growth of CaOx crystals were significantly inhibited by all selected plant extracts. The highest inhibition of CaOX nucleation was shown by R. sativus (55.21±1.9%) followed by M. uniflorum (53.91±1.1%) and the least by F. benghalensis (43.63±0.8%) at 1.0 mg/mL. The highest inhibition of calcium CaOX aggregation was shown by R. sativus (61.6±1.6%) which was very close to Cystone (63.28±2.5%). The growth of CaOX was highly inhibited by A. aspera (42.17±1.0%) followed by M. uniflorum (40.27±1.4%) with lowest inhibition by F. benghalensis (31.44±1.4%) as compared to Cystone (43.35 ±0.9%). The study showed that the selected plants showed the significant antiurolithiatic activity against CaOX crystals, which could be a potential source for the treatment of renal stone disease. Key words: Antiurolithiatic, calcium oxalate, nucleation, aggregation, methanol extracts.
{"title":"Antiurolithiatic activity of selected plants extracts against calcium oxalate crystals","authors":"S. Aryal, P. Kuwar, Chhitij Thapa","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2019.6813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2019.6813","url":null,"abstract":"The present study was designed to evaluate the antiurolithiatic activity of selected plants extracts (Achyranthes aspera, Lawsonia inermis, Ficus benghalensis, Raphnus sativus and Macrotyloma uniflorum). The methanol extract of selected plants was analysed for in-vitro antiurolithiatic activity using nucleation, aggregation and growth assay of calcium oxalate (CaOX) monohydrate crystals. The nucleation, aggregation and growth of CaOx crystals were significantly inhibited by all selected plant extracts. The highest inhibition of CaOX nucleation was shown by R. sativus (55.21±1.9%) followed by M. uniflorum (53.91±1.1%) and the least by F. benghalensis (43.63±0.8%) at 1.0 mg/mL. The highest inhibition of calcium CaOX aggregation was shown by R. sativus (61.6±1.6%) which was very close to Cystone (63.28±2.5%). The growth of CaOX was highly inhibited by A. aspera (42.17±1.0%) followed by M. uniflorum (40.27±1.4%) with lowest inhibition by F. benghalensis (31.44±1.4%) as compared to Cystone (43.35 ±0.9%). The study showed that the selected plants showed the significant antiurolithiatic activity against CaOX crystals, which could be a potential source for the treatment of renal stone disease. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Antiurolithiatic, calcium oxalate, nucleation, aggregation, methanol extracts.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48173685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Wilcare de Medeiros Cordeiro Nascimento, F. C. N. Arcanjo, M. Bandeira, Bruna Linhares Prado, Maria Ester Frota Fernandes, Elayne Cristina Oliveira Brito, Bianca Frota Monte, A. Nascimento, Antonio Flávio Queiroz de Oliveira, L. C. Portela, CecÃlia Costa Arcanjo
Cough is a common pediatric complaint, resulting in frequent doctor’s office or hospital visits. In Brazil, the leaves of chamba (Justicia pectoralis) have been used extensively in herbal preparations for the treatment of many respiratory problems such as cough, bronchitis, and asthma. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of chamba syrup for the treatment of cough and respiratory symptoms in children. Between November 2017 and February 2018, patients aged 1 to 12 years with respiratory symptoms and cough, and onset of symptoms greater than 48 h were enrolled in this trial. Participants were randomized to receive either chamba syrup in three daily doses or placebo. Effectiveness was assessed through a questionnaire, to measure the intensity of cough and respiratory symptoms, before the intervention and 48 h after, using Likert scale responses. A total of 114 children, 56 in the chamba group and 58 in the placebo group, participated in the study. After 48 h, there was a significant reduction in frequency of cough, severity of cough, severity of nasal congestion, and in improvement in the ability to sleep for both the child and caregiver in the chamba group (p< .0001 for all variables); for participants in the placebo group, there were no significant differences after intervention, in comparison with baseline. In this study population, chamba syrup was effective in the treatment of cough and respiratory symptoms, providing an overall improvement of symptoms when compared to placebo, as well as improving the ability to sleep. Key words: Cough, clinical trial, pediatrics, Justicia pectoralis.
{"title":"Chamb (Justicia pectoralis) syrup for the treatment of cough and respiratory symptoms: A randomized clinical trial","authors":"Wilcare de Medeiros Cordeiro Nascimento, F. C. N. Arcanjo, M. Bandeira, Bruna Linhares Prado, Maria Ester Frota Fernandes, Elayne Cristina Oliveira Brito, Bianca Frota Monte, A. Nascimento, Antonio Flávio Queiroz de Oliveira, L. C. Portela, CecÃlia Costa Arcanjo","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7047","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7047","url":null,"abstract":"Cough is a common pediatric complaint, resulting in frequent doctor’s office or hospital visits. In Brazil, the leaves of chamba (Justicia pectoralis) have been used extensively in herbal preparations for the treatment of many respiratory problems such as cough, bronchitis, and asthma. Thus, this study aimed to assess the effectiveness of chamba syrup for the treatment of cough and respiratory symptoms in children. Between November 2017 and February 2018, patients aged 1 to 12 years with respiratory symptoms and cough, and onset of symptoms greater than 48 h were enrolled in this trial. Participants were randomized to receive either chamba syrup in three daily doses or placebo. Effectiveness was assessed through a questionnaire, to measure the intensity of cough and respiratory symptoms, before the intervention and 48 h after, using Likert scale responses. A total of 114 children, 56 in the chamba group and 58 in the placebo group, participated in the study. After 48 h, there was a significant reduction in frequency of cough, severity of cough, severity of nasal congestion, and in improvement in the ability to sleep for both the child and caregiver in the chamba group (p< .0001 for all variables); for participants in the placebo group, there were no significant differences after intervention, in comparison with baseline. In this study population, chamba syrup was effective in the treatment of cough and respiratory symptoms, providing an overall improvement of symptoms when compared to placebo, as well as improving the ability to sleep. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cough, clinical trial, pediatrics, Justicia pectoralis.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"118-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42164129","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Parsley (Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum Danert) is a vegetable species with potential for pharmaceutical use because it contains apiin, a flavonoid that stands out for having biological activities, such as antioxidant. The aim of this study is to evaluate the influence of chemical or organic fertilizers on the nitrogen metabolism and production of flavonoids in parsley at different stages of development, aiming to establish the most appropriate management of this crop. The experiment was carried out in flower beds with three treatments: Without fertilizer, chemical fertilization and organic fertilization (Bokashi), with two harvest times, 28 and 56 days after germination (DAG). The harvest period significantly influenced the analyzed variables, but the fertilizer source used did not. In this sense, for the production of apiin, fertilization is unnecessary when the soil used has good fertility conditions. It is also recommended to harvest all the plants at 28 DAG, dispensing with late cultivation, thus resulting in reduced production costs. Key words: Parsley, soluble fractions, fertilizer, chemical fertilization, Bokashi, flavonoids.
欧芹(Petroselinum crispum var. neapolitanum Danert)是一种具有潜在药用价值的蔬菜，因为它含有apiin，一种具有抗氧化等生物活性的类黄酮。本研究旨在评价化肥和有机肥对香菜不同发育阶段氮素代谢和黄酮类化合物产生的影响，以确定香菜最适宜的管理方法。试验在花坛上进行，采用不施肥、化学施肥和有机施肥(博卡施)3种处理，分别在萌发后28和56天(DAG) 2个采收期。收获期对分析变量有显著影响，而肥料来源对分析变量无显著影响。从这个意义上说，对于蜂素的生产，当所用土壤肥力条件良好时，不需要施肥。还建议在28天采收所有植株，省去后期栽培，从而降低生产成本。关键词:欧芹;可溶性组分;肥料;
J. Gotep, S. Y. Sabo, S. Makama, M. O. Uguru, F. Okwuasaba
Fadogia cienkowskii is a shrub whose roots are used in many communities of Northern Nigeria to improve sexual performance; however, there is no scientific study to verify this claim. This study determined the effect of 70% ethanol extract of F. cienkowskii roots and its fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual ethanol) on mating behaviour (mounting, intromission and ejaculation) and serum testosterone concentration of male albino rats. Five groups of rats each containing 6 rats were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the crude ethanol extract, while Sildenafil and distilled water were administered to the control groups. Another set of 6 groups of rats were also used in the study and were treated with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual ethanol fractions, respectively. The crude extract and fractions significantly increased mount, intromission and ejaculation frequencies. The copulation efficiency also increased significantly – indicative of the plant’s aphrodisiac potential. Significant increase of testosterone in serum of extract treated rats was also observed, which is a further credence to the plant’s aphrodisiac potential. It was thus concluded that the 70% ethanol root extract of F. cienkowskii and its fractions have aphrodisiac activity with the n-butanol and residual ethanol fractions being more active. Key words: Fadogia cienkowskii extract, aphrodisiac activity, rats
{"title":"Aphrodisiac activity of ethanol extract and fractions of Fadogia cienkowskii Shweinf. Rubiaceae roots in albino rats","authors":"J. Gotep, S. Y. Sabo, S. Makama, M. O. Uguru, F. Okwuasaba","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7070","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7070","url":null,"abstract":"Fadogia cienkowskii is a shrub whose roots are used in many communities of Northern Nigeria to improve sexual performance; however, there is no scientific study to verify this claim. This study determined the effect of 70% ethanol extract of F. cienkowskii roots and its fractions (ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and residual ethanol) on mating behaviour (mounting, intromission and ejaculation) and serum testosterone concentration of male albino rats. Five groups of rats each containing 6 rats were treated with 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg of the crude ethanol extract, while Sildenafil and distilled water were administered to the control groups. Another set of 6 groups of rats were also used in the study and were treated with 12.5 and 25 mg/kg of the ethyl acetate, n-butanol and residual ethanol fractions, respectively. The crude extract and fractions significantly increased mount, intromission and ejaculation frequencies. The copulation efficiency also increased significantly – indicative of the plant’s aphrodisiac potential. Significant increase of testosterone in serum of extract treated rats was also observed, which is a further credence to the plant’s aphrodisiac potential. It was thus concluded that the 70% ethanol root extract of F. cienkowskii and its fractions have aphrodisiac activity with the n-butanol and residual ethanol fractions being more active. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Fadogia cienkowskii extract, aphrodisiac activity, rats","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"86-95"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49189535","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Plants are widely used in traditional medicine, but could be detrimental to patients, due to the presence of some harmful substances such as calcium oxalate (CaOx) C2CaO4 crystals. The presence, morphology and distribution of CaOx crystals were investigated in 60 wild, herbal plant species from the Al Qussim Region, Saudi Arabia. This was done via light microscopy of transverse sections of stems and leaves using light microscopy. Different types of CaOx crystals were found in only 24 of the plant species studied, the rest had no CaOx crystals. The stems of 12 plant species under study contained different types of CaOx crystals, with crystal sand being the most common. In the leaves of four plant species, druses and solitary crystals were the most frequently found types. In addition, eight species had different types of crystals in their respective stems and leaves. Rumex vesicarius had the most crystals in both its stems and leaves from all investigated species, followed by Asphodelus tenuifolius. Key words: Ca-oxalate crystals, light microscope, plant leaves, stems, Al Qussim Region.
{"title":"Occurrence of calcium oxalate crystals in some wild plants used in traditional medicine in Saudi Arabia","authors":"E. Mohamed, A. Abdulaziz","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7040","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7040","url":null,"abstract":"Plants are widely used in traditional medicine, but could be detrimental to patients, due to the presence of some harmful substances such as calcium oxalate (CaOx) C2CaO4 crystals. The presence, morphology and distribution of CaOx crystals were investigated in 60 wild, herbal plant species from the Al Qussim Region, Saudi Arabia. This was done via light microscopy of transverse sections of stems and leaves using light microscopy. Different types of CaOx crystals were found in only 24 of the plant species studied, the rest had no CaOx crystals. The stems of 12 plant species under study contained different types of CaOx crystals, with crystal sand being the most common. In the leaves of four plant species, druses and solitary crystals were the most frequently found types. In addition, eight species had different types of crystals in their respective stems and leaves. Rumex vesicarius had the most crystals in both its stems and leaves from all investigated species, followed by Asphodelus tenuifolius. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ca-oxalate crystals, light microscope, plant leaves, stems, Al Qussim Region.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"96-107"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46815118","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
G. Mohammed, M. Olufemi, Lawrence Kayode Akinwande
Toxicological studies were carried out to investigate the effect of consumption of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root bark widely used in traditional medical practices and as protectant of stored cereal products in Nigeria, using albino rats. Serum, kidney and liver were tested for oxidation stress and tissue damage markers; aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea, bilirubin and creatinine contents, and Kidney and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), non-protein sulphadryl (NP-SH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulphadryl (T-SH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These tests were carried out using commercially available kits. Results obtained for all doses (1, 5 and 10%) of the tested parameters did not significantly vary with control (p>0.05), indicating normal liver and kidney function (even in the face of variation in liver GPX and SOD. This study has proven that the plant is safe for human consumption at the rates or dosages tested. Key words: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, albino rats, toxicology, biochemical parameters.
{"title":"Toxicological evaluation of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides (Lam) Zepernick Timler root bark used as biopesticide and medicine","authors":"G. Mohammed, M. Olufemi, Lawrence Kayode Akinwande","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7081","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7081","url":null,"abstract":"Toxicological studies were carried out to investigate the effect of consumption of Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides root bark widely used in traditional medical practices and as protectant of stored cereal products in Nigeria, using albino rats. Serum, kidney and liver were tested for oxidation stress and tissue damage markers; aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), urea, bilirubin and creatinine contents, and Kidney and liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX), glutathione transferase (GST), non-protein sulphadryl (NP-SH), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total sulphadryl (T-SH) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). These tests were carried out using commercially available kits. Results obtained for all doses (1, 5 and 10%) of the tested parameters did not significantly vary with control (p>0.05), indicating normal liver and kidney function (even in the face of variation in liver GPX and SOD. This study has proven that the plant is safe for human consumption at the rates or dosages tested. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Zanthoxylum zanthoxyloides, albino rats, toxicology, biochemical parameters.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"108-117"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48837618","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Profound social changes that have occurred in recent decades in rural society have led to the abandonment of ethno veterinary practices and knowledge, traditionally used to treat and prevent animal diseases. The main objective of this ethno botanical work is to document the traditional veterinary uses of plants in the Montana Palentina region (Palencia, Spain). The data obtained has been compiled through 139 semi-structured interviews, with a total of 187 people, of whom 97% were over 60 years old. The results of the study collect a total of 61 plant species with veterinary uses, belonging to 32 botanical families, with Asteraceae being the family with the highest representation in terms of number of species (13), and also in terms of number of records of use (72). There were a total of 202 records of use, distributed in 11 use categories, with the result that the treatment of diseases of the digestive system had the highest number of recorded uses at 56 (28% of the total), followed by skin and subcutaneous cell tissue uses at 44 (22% of the total). The plant species with the highest number of records of use was Gentiana lutea (33), divided between the cure and prevention of diseases of the digestive (20) and respiratory systems (8), and infectious and parasitic diseases (5). The study may help to preserve traditional ethno veterinary knowledge in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as promote studies that consider clinical herbal medicine in animal health care. Key words: Ethnoveterinary, veterinary herbal medicine, traditional knowledge, Palencia, Iberian Peninsula.
{"title":"Plants for veterinary use in the Montaa Palentina region (Palencia, Spain)","authors":"J. Pascual, B. Herrero","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7068","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7068","url":null,"abstract":"Profound social changes that have occurred in recent decades in rural society have led to the abandonment of ethno veterinary practices and knowledge, traditionally used to treat and prevent animal diseases. The main objective of this ethno botanical work is to document the traditional veterinary uses of plants in the Montana Palentina region (Palencia, Spain). The data obtained has been compiled through 139 semi-structured interviews, with a total of 187 people, of whom 97% were over 60 years old. The results of the study collect a total of 61 plant species with veterinary uses, belonging to 32 botanical families, with Asteraceae being the family with the highest representation in terms of number of species (13), and also in terms of number of records of use (72). There were a total of 202 records of use, distributed in 11 use categories, with the result that the treatment of diseases of the digestive system had the highest number of recorded uses at 56 (28% of the total), followed by skin and subcutaneous cell tissue uses at 44 (22% of the total). The plant species with the highest number of records of use was Gentiana lutea (33), divided between the cure and prevention of diseases of the digestive (20) and respiratory systems (8), and infectious and parasitic diseases (5). The study may help to preserve traditional ethno veterinary knowledge in the Iberian Peninsula, as well as promote studies that consider clinical herbal medicine in animal health care. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Ethnoveterinary, veterinary herbal medicine, traditional knowledge, Palencia, Iberian Peninsula.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"73-85"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48598713","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mariah Ndilimeke Muhongo, M. Kangogo, Christine C Bii
Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae is a predominant medicinal plant in Namibia. It is traditionally utilized in treatment of gastrointestinal issues, sexually transmitted infections and common cold. Despite its therapeutic potential, the phytochemicals profile and compounds compositions are yet to be scientifically validated. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum and total phytochemical constituents present in P. leubnitziae leaves extract using standard qualitative and quantitative methods. Fine powder of P. leubnitziae was extracted by cold maceration using a serial exhaustive approach in a 1:5 dilution in hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. After 72 h, obtained filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator or lyophilizer. Crude fraction of each solvent obtained was screened for phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The yield of the extracts post-extraction ranged from 5.361 to 23.93 g. The extracts contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. There were significant differences in the total phytochemical contents of each solvent. Total alkaloids contents (TAC) ranged from 29.12 to 106.44 µg, total flavonoids contents (TFC) ranged from 30.41 to 78.84 µg, total phenolic contents (TPC) ranged from 57.14 to 58.70 µg and total tannins contents (TTC) ranged from 13.06 to 30.85 µg. The leaves of P. leubnitziae contain phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, terpenoids, tannins and saponins that are known to have pharmacological properties and they can be explored for biological potentials. Key words: Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae extracts, qualitative and quantitative analysis, phytochemicals content.
{"title":"Qualitative and quantitative phytochemical profiling of crude fractions of Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae leaves","authors":"Mariah Ndilimeke Muhongo, M. Kangogo, Christine C Bii","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7073","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7073","url":null,"abstract":"Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae is a predominant medicinal plant in Namibia. It is traditionally utilized in treatment of gastrointestinal issues, sexually transmitted infections and common cold. Despite its therapeutic potential, the phytochemicals profile and compounds compositions are yet to be scientifically validated. This study was conducted to determine the spectrum and total phytochemical constituents present in P. leubnitziae leaves extract using standard qualitative and quantitative methods. Fine powder of P. leubnitziae was extracted by cold maceration using a serial exhaustive approach in a 1:5 dilution in hexane, ethyl acetate, ethanol, methanol and water. After 72 h, obtained filtrate was concentrated using a rotary evaporator or lyophilizer. Crude fraction of each solvent obtained was screened for phytochemicals using qualitative and quantitative methods. The yield of the extracts post-extraction ranged from 5.361 to 23.93 g. The extracts contain alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, saponins, terpenoids and tannins. There were significant differences in the total phytochemical contents of each solvent. Total alkaloids contents (TAC) ranged from 29.12 to 106.44 µg, total flavonoids contents (TFC) ranged from 30.41 to 78.84 µg, total phenolic contents (TPC) ranged from 57.14 to 58.70 µg and total tannins contents (TTC) ranged from 13.06 to 30.85 µg. The leaves of P. leubnitziae contain phytochemicals including alkaloids, flavonoids, phenolic, terpenoids, tannins and saponins that are known to have pharmacological properties and they can be explored for biological potentials. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Pechuel-Loeschea leubnitziae extracts, qualitative and quantitative analysis, phytochemicals content.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"64-72"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-28","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47556453","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Marealle, M. Moshi, E. Innocent, M. Qwarse, K. Andrae-Marobela
The aim of this Study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Mbulu District. An ethnomedical survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The main HIV and AIDS-related conditions considered during this study were; cough, frequent fevers, diarrhea, weight loss, oral thrush, genital warts, candidiasis, abscesses, skin rashes, shingles and venereal diseases. Literature survey was also carried out to compile supplementary data on ethnomedical used and pharmacological activities of the respective plants. Thirty seven plant species from 23 families were reported. The plant families with the highest number of documented species were Acanthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Compositae and Verbanaceae with three species each. Literature information on the 37 reported plant species showed that, 23 plants could be linked to supporting data on ethnomedical uses, 23 were related to biological activity and 12 had been reported to display varying activities against HIV-1. Sixteen identified medicinal plants recorded new ethnomedical uses related to HIV and AIDS-related conditions, while 8 and 16% of the plant species did not have any previously reported ethnomedical uses or pharmacological activities, respectively. Key words: Medicinal plants, indigenous knowledge, HIV and AIDS-related conditions.
{"title":"Ethnomedical survey of plants used for the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Mbulu District, Tanzania","authors":"A. Marealle, M. Moshi, E. Innocent, M. Qwarse, K. Andrae-Marobela","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7036","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7036","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this Study was to document medicinal plants used in the management of HIV and AIDS-related conditions in Mbulu District. An ethnomedical survey was conducted using a semi-structured questionnaire. The main HIV and AIDS-related conditions considered during this study were; cough, frequent fevers, diarrhea, weight loss, oral thrush, genital warts, candidiasis, abscesses, skin rashes, shingles and venereal diseases. Literature survey was also carried out to compile supplementary data on ethnomedical used and pharmacological activities of the respective plants. Thirty seven plant species from 23 families were reported. The plant families with the highest number of documented species were Acanthaceae, Caesalpiniaceae, Compositae and Verbanaceae with three species each. Literature information on the 37 reported plant species showed that, 23 plants could be linked to supporting data on ethnomedical uses, 23 were related to biological activity and 12 had been reported to display varying activities against HIV-1. Sixteen identified medicinal plants recorded new ethnomedical uses related to HIV and AIDS-related conditions, while 8 and 16% of the plant species did not have any previously reported ethnomedical uses or pharmacological activities, respectively. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Medicinal plants, indigenous knowledge, HIV and AIDS-related conditions.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"1-21"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49317234","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. Rosa, M. Siqueira, F. Paumgartten, G. Pacheco, Elisabeth Atalla Mansur De Oliveira, D. Moreira
The genus Passiflora L. is the most representative of the Passifloraceae family and includes about 500 species. The aim of this work was to analyze three different passion fruit species in relation to vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside content by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array ultaviolet detector. Samples were prepared by water infusion (10% w/v), dried by lyophilization, and stored in amber vials at -20°C. The method for quantification of vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside was developed and validated using a Shimadzu Class-VP liquid phase chromatograph. Quantification of vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside was done with an Ascentis-phenyl supelco column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. x 5 µm), mobile phase composed of ultrapure water (pH = 3.0) (Solvent A)/ acetonitrile (Solvent B), in gradient elution mode, flow rate of 1.4 mL/min, and UV detection at 340 nm. The adopted method showed great linearity, precision, accuracy, detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ) limits, recovery and robustness. Total analysis time was 16 min. This method has clear advantages when compared to those found in the literature, since the use of a silica-based phenyl column allowed the best chromatographic resolution, resulting in better LOD and LOQ. Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside content was higher in P. foetida (7.21%), followed by P. setacea (3.66%), and P. alata (2.89%). Key words: Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside quantity, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) new method, passion fruit.
西番莲属是西番莲科中最具代表性的属，约有500种。本工作的目的是通过与二极管阵列兼紫检测器相耦合的高效液相色谱法分析三种不同百香果与卵黄蛋白-2´´-O-鼠李糖苷含量的关系。样品通过水浸泡（10%w/v）制备，通过冷冻干燥干燥，并在-20°C下储存在琥珀色小瓶中。利用岛津VP级液相色谱仪开发并验证了卵黄蛋白-2´´-O-鼠李糖苷的定量方法。卵黄蛋白-2´´-O-鼠李糖苷的定量使用Ascentis苯基supelco柱（250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d.x 5µm），流动相由超纯水（pH=3.0）（溶剂A）/乙腈（溶剂B）组成，梯度洗脱模式，流速为1.4 mL/min，紫外检测波长为340 nm。所采用的方法具有良好的线性、精密度、准确度、检测限和定量限、回收率和稳健性。总分析时间为16分钟。与文献中发现的方法相比，该方法具有明显的优势，因为使用基于二氧化硅的苯基柱可以获得最佳的色谱分辨率，从而产生更好的LOD和LOQ。黄曲霉中的葡萄素-2'-O-鼠李糖苷含量较高（7.21%），其次是刚齿菌（3.66%）和阿拉塔菌（2.89%）。
{"title":"Development and validation of a new method to quantify vitexin-2-O-rhamnoside on Passiflora L. extracts","authors":"L. Rosa, M. Siqueira, F. Paumgartten, G. Pacheco, Elisabeth Atalla Mansur De Oliveira, D. Moreira","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7044","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7044","url":null,"abstract":"The genus Passiflora L. is the most representative of the Passifloraceae family and includes about 500 species. The aim of this work was to analyze three different passion fruit species in relation to vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside content by high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to a diode-array ultaviolet detector. Samples were prepared by water infusion (10% w/v), dried by lyophilization, and stored in amber vials at -20°C. The method for quantification of vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside was developed and validated using a Shimadzu Class-VP liquid phase chromatograph. Quantification of vitexin-2´´-O-rhamnoside was done with an Ascentis-phenyl supelco column (250 mm x 4.6 mm i.d. x 5 µm), mobile phase composed of ultrapure water (pH = 3.0) (Solvent A)/ acetonitrile (Solvent B), in gradient elution mode, flow rate of 1.4 mL/min, and UV detection at 340 nm. The adopted method showed great linearity, precision, accuracy, detection (LOD), and quantification (LOQ) limits, recovery and robustness. Total analysis time was 16 min. This method has clear advantages when compared to those found in the literature, since the use of a silica-based phenyl column allowed the best chromatographic resolution, resulting in better LOD and LOQ. Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside content was higher in P. foetida (7.21%), followed by P. setacea (3.66%), and P. alata (2.89%). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Vitexin-2''-O-rhamnoside quantity, high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) new method, passion fruit.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"45-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"41664060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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