Windmi Kagambega, R. Meda, B. Koama, A. Drabo, H. Belem, D. Dabiré, J. Kaboré, A. Traore, G. Ouédraogo
The present study aimed to quantify the polyphenols and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts from eight medicinal plants used by the poultry farmers to manage avian diseases in Burkina Faso. Total phenolics and total flavonoids were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 reagents, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods: 1,1-dipheenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’-2-azino-bis (3-eethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results obtained showed that aqueous extracts contain more total phenolics than methanolic extracts in contrary to the total flavonoids where methanolic extracts presented the best contents. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the three methods showed that the extracts exhibited an interesting activity. The methanolic and the aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa, Sclerocarya birrea, and Detarium microcarpum, are distinguished by a good capacity to scavenge free DPPH radicals than those of the standards (trolox and quercetin). The methanolic extracts of all plant samples have shown their superiority in terms of their ability to scavenge the ABTS radical cations compared to aqueous extracts. Compared to other plant extracts and quercetin the methanolic and aqueous extracts of D. microcarpum bark presented the best reducing power with the values of 5360.23 and 4584.55 µmol EAA / g extract, respectively. These different results could justify the traditional uses of these plants in the treatment of avian pathologies. Key words: Medicinal plants, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant, poultry diseases.
本研究旨在量化布基纳法索家禽养殖户用于管理禽病的8种药用植物的甲醇提取物和水提取物的多酚并评估其抗氧化活性。用Folin-Ciocalteu和AlCl3试剂分别测定总酚和总黄酮含量。采用1,1-二苯基-2-吡啶肼(DPPH)、2 ' -2-氮基-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑-6-磺酸(ABTS)和铁还原抗氧化能力(FRAP)三种方法评价其抗氧化活性。结果表明，水提液中总酚类物质含量高于醇提液，而总黄酮含量以醇提液最高。三种方法对提取物的抗氧化活性进行了评价，结果表明提取物具有一定的抗氧化活性。与对照品(trolox和槲皮素)相比，大叶Parkia biglobosa、birclerocarya和Detarium microcarpum的甲醇和水提物具有较好的清除游离DPPH自由基的能力。与水提取物相比，所有植物样品的甲醇提取物在清除ABTS自由基阳离子方面显示出其优势。与其他植物提取物和槲皮素相比，微果皮醇提液和水提液的还原力最强，分别为5360.23µmol EAA / g和4584.55µmol EAA / g。这些不同的结果可以证明这些植物在禽类疾病治疗中的传统应用是合理的。关键词:药用植物，总酚类，总黄酮，抗氧化剂，家禽疾病
{"title":"Polyphenols quantification and antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts from eight medicinal plants used to manage avian diseases in Burkina Faso","authors":"Windmi Kagambega, R. Meda, B. Koama, A. Drabo, H. Belem, D. Dabiré, J. Kaboré, A. Traore, G. Ouédraogo","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7105","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7105","url":null,"abstract":"The present study aimed to quantify the polyphenols and evaluate the antioxidant activity of methanolic and aqueous extracts from eight medicinal plants used by the poultry farmers to manage avian diseases in Burkina Faso. Total phenolics and total flavonoids were quantified using Folin-Ciocalteu and AlCl3 reagents, respectively. The antioxidant activity was evaluated using three methods: 1,1-dipheenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2’-2-azino-bis (3-eethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid (ABTS) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP). The results obtained showed that aqueous extracts contain more total phenolics than methanolic extracts in contrary to the total flavonoids where methanolic extracts presented the best contents. The evaluation of the antioxidant activity by the three methods showed that the extracts exhibited an interesting activity. The methanolic and the aqueous extracts of Parkia biglobosa, Sclerocarya birrea, and Detarium microcarpum, are distinguished by a good capacity to scavenge free DPPH radicals than those of the standards (trolox and quercetin). The methanolic extracts of all plant samples have shown their superiority in terms of their ability to scavenge the ABTS radical cations compared to aqueous extracts. Compared to other plant extracts and quercetin the methanolic and aqueous extracts of D. microcarpum bark presented the best reducing power with the values of 5360.23 and 4584.55 µmol EAA / g extract, respectively. These different results could justify the traditional uses of these plants in the treatment of avian pathologies. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Medicinal plants, total phenolics, total flavonoids, antioxidant, poultry diseases.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"226-231"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46914755","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Towett Kipngetich Erick, Joyce J. Kiplimo, J. Matasyoh
Fungal endophytes are regarded as inexhaustible sources of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals with profound antibacterial, anticancer or antifungal activities. Diaporthe sp., an endophytic fungus residing in medicinal plant S. cordatum, showed a good antagonism against bacterial pathogens of beans; Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola (Psp) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli (Xap), with zones of inhibitions of 14.00 ± 1.15 and 17.00 ± 0.58 mm against the test organisms respectively. Large scale fermentation of Diaporthe sp. was performed on rice media after which ultrasonic extraction on methanol was done to yield methanol crude extract. Methanol crude extract was then partitioned between hexane and ethyl acetate to yield their respective crude extracts. Ethyl acetate fraction of Diaporthe sp. yielded one new naphthalene derivative compound which was accorded IUPAC name as 3-methoxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1, 7-diol after series of purifications on column chromatography as well as preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pHPLC). Structure determination of isolated compounds was performed on 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments as well as a mass spectrometer to affirm its molecular mass. The F3 that yielded compound 1 had palpable antibacterial activities against Psp and Xap, with corresponding Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 2.50 mg/ml (7.00 ± 0.00 mm) and 1.25 mg/ml (7.67 ± 0.33 mm) against the tests organisms respectively. These slight MIC values are chiefly attributed to the presence of active secondary metabolites in the fungal extracts that act against the test pathogens. This has therefore confirmed that fungal endophytes and their extractives have desirable antibacterial activities hence can be used in the formulation of agrochemicals or used as bio-control agents in crop protection especially in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). Key words: Endophytes, Diaporthe sp, bean bacterial pathogens.
{"title":"New naphthalene derivative isolated from Diaporthe sp. host to Syzygium cordatum Hochst.ex Krauss plant","authors":"Towett Kipngetich Erick, Joyce J. Kiplimo, J. Matasyoh","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.6910","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.6910","url":null,"abstract":"Fungal endophytes are regarded as inexhaustible sources of pharmaceuticals and agrochemicals with profound antibacterial, anticancer or antifungal activities. Diaporthe sp., an endophytic fungus residing in medicinal plant S. cordatum, showed a good antagonism against bacterial pathogens of beans; Pseudomonas syringae pv phaseolicola (Psp) and Xanthomonas axonopodis pv phaseoli (Xap), with zones of inhibitions of 14.00 ± 1.15 and 17.00 ± 0.58 mm against the test organisms respectively. Large scale fermentation of Diaporthe sp. was performed on rice media after which ultrasonic extraction on methanol was done to yield methanol crude extract. Methanol crude extract was then partitioned between hexane and ethyl acetate to yield their respective crude extracts. Ethyl acetate fraction of Diaporthe sp. yielded one new naphthalene derivative compound which was accorded IUPAC name as 3-methoxy-5-methylnaphthalene-1, 7-diol after series of purifications on column chromatography as well as preparative high-performance liquid chromatography (pHPLC). Structure determination of isolated compounds was performed on 1D and 2D Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) spectroscopy experiments as well as a mass spectrometer to affirm its molecular mass. The F3 that yielded compound 1 had palpable antibacterial activities against Psp and Xap, with corresponding Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) values of 2.50 mg/ml (7.00 ± 0.00 mm) and 1.25 mg/ml (7.67 ± 0.33 mm) against the tests organisms respectively. These slight MIC values are chiefly attributed to the presence of active secondary metabolites in the fungal extracts that act against the test pathogens. This has therefore confirmed that fungal endophytes and their extractives have desirable antibacterial activities hence can be used in the formulation of agrochemicals or used as bio-control agents in crop protection especially in common beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L). \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Endophytes, Diaporthe sp, bean bacterial pathogens.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"196-205"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47838718","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Onyinyechi Cecilia Amobi-Alor, A. Eze, Chineye Lucy Ugwute, Nneka Mariam Unachukwu, Chikamso M Udeh, Simeon Okolo, C. C. Chikezie, K. Mbah-Omeje, F. C. Onyia
This study focuses on testing the efficacy of herbal remedy used in many homes within the South-Eastern part of Nigeria to treat malaria and also the histopathological effect of the remedy on albino rats. Twenty rats were procured and distributed with five rats to one group. Group 1 received Garcinia kola and Aloe vera extracts, Group 2 received only G. kola extract, Group 3 is negative control and Group 4 is positive control. The treatment lasted for 21 days but parameters were monitored on day zero, second, third, fourth and 21st day. There was a sharp weight reduction of the albino rats at the third day, Group 1 recorded 107.21±15.46 as compared to the initial weight which was 116.18±14.94, but later increased at day 21. The weights across the groups at day three was statistically significant (p<0.05). The rats treated with G. kola extract recorded parasite density of 3997.34±0.00 at day 21 while the group 1 had zero parasite density at day 21. This shows that G. kola extract when used with Aloe vera extract will be more effective in the treatment of malaria as to compare when used alone. Histopathological test revealed no features of acute or chronic damage, but more studies are needed. Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, histopathology, Garcinia kola, Aloe vera extracts
{"title":"In vivo study of antiplasmodium and histological activity of Garcinia kola and Aloe vera extracts against falciparum malaria","authors":"Onyinyechi Cecilia Amobi-Alor, A. Eze, Chineye Lucy Ugwute, Nneka Mariam Unachukwu, Chikamso M Udeh, Simeon Okolo, C. C. Chikezie, K. Mbah-Omeje, F. C. Onyia","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7000","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7000","url":null,"abstract":"This study focuses on testing the efficacy of herbal remedy used in many homes within the South-Eastern part of Nigeria to treat malaria and also the histopathological effect of the remedy on albino rats. Twenty rats were procured and distributed with five rats to one group. Group 1 received Garcinia kola and Aloe vera extracts, Group 2 received only G. kola extract, Group 3 is negative control and Group 4 is positive control. The treatment lasted for 21 days but parameters were monitored on day zero, second, third, fourth and 21st day. There was a sharp weight reduction of the albino rats at the third day, Group 1 recorded 107.21±15.46 as compared to the initial weight which was 116.18±14.94, but later increased at day 21. The weights across the groups at day three was statistically significant (p<0.05). The rats treated with G. kola extract recorded parasite density of 3997.34±0.00 at day 21 while the group 1 had zero parasite density at day 21. This shows that G. kola extract when used with Aloe vera extract will be more effective in the treatment of malaria as to compare when used alone. Histopathological test revealed no features of acute or chronic damage, but more studies are needed. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Malaria, Plasmodium falciparum, histopathology, Garcinia kola, Aloe vera extracts","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"188-195"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45198864","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jasmine Ferreira dos Santos, Jenisson Linike Costa Gonçalves, R. D. Jesus, P. Nogueira, R. Scher, Antonio Martins de Oliveira Junior, J. J. S. Moreira
Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC. Subsp. Jamacaru) is native to the Brazilian Caatinga and is part of the Cactaceae family. Mandacaru fruits are attractive in taste and flavour, although they are not widely commercialised. However, there is limited scientific literature on the composition of this fruit. Therefore, the present work was aimed at analysing the physicochemical composition, as well as in vitro antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile, and cytotoxicity of mandacaru fruit from three different locations in the Brazilian State of Sergipe. The pulp and peel of mandacaru fruit used in this study presented low Vitamin C concentration, mean values between batches 18.2 mg. 100 g-1 (pulp) and 27.5 mg. 100 g-1 (peel). The pulp of mandacaru fruit from the region of Monte Alegre presented the highest concentration of apparent phenolic compounds (117.2 mg. EAG g-1) and antioxidant activity evaluated by the inhibition of the ABTS radical (22.4 μmol. trolox g-1). The chemical profile of mandacaru fruit consisted of o-coumaric and p-coumaric acids, but they were not considered to be cytotoxic; thus, this native fruit is suitable for consumption, exhibiting relevant amounts of apparent phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Further studies are needed to prolong the shelf life of the fruit for commercialisation. Key words: Cereus jamacaru, antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile, Caatinga.
{"title":"Bioactive profile of mandacaru fruits and cytotoxicity against the L929 cell line","authors":"Jasmine Ferreira dos Santos, Jenisson Linike Costa Gonçalves, R. D. Jesus, P. Nogueira, R. Scher, Antonio Martins de Oliveira Junior, J. J. S. Moreira","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7060","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7060","url":null,"abstract":"Mandacaru (Cereus jamacaru DC. Subsp. Jamacaru) is native to the Brazilian Caatinga and is part of the Cactaceae family. Mandacaru fruits are attractive in taste and flavour, although they are not widely commercialised. However, there is limited scientific literature on the composition of this fruit. Therefore, the present work was aimed at analysing the physicochemical composition, as well as in vitro antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile, and cytotoxicity of mandacaru fruit from three different locations in the Brazilian State of Sergipe. The pulp and peel of mandacaru fruit used in this study presented low Vitamin C concentration, mean values between batches 18.2 mg. 100 g-1 (pulp) and 27.5 mg. 100 g-1 (peel). The pulp of mandacaru fruit from the region of Monte Alegre presented the highest concentration of apparent phenolic compounds (117.2 mg. EAG g-1) and antioxidant activity evaluated by the inhibition of the ABTS radical (22.4 μmol. trolox g-1). The chemical profile of mandacaru fruit consisted of o-coumaric and p-coumaric acids, but they were not considered to be cytotoxic; thus, this native fruit is suitable for consumption, exhibiting relevant amounts of apparent phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity. Further studies are needed to prolong the shelf life of the fruit for commercialisation. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Cereus jamacaru, antioxidant activity, phytochemical profile, Caatinga.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"215-225"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"49387004","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Moustafa, D. Ghareeb, Maha A El-Demellawy, M. M. Elsayed
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Berberis vulgaris water extract (BWE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and LPS/PCM induced- hepatic inflammation in the experimental animal models. CCl4 (100 ug/kg, oral) administration for 28 days as well as the co-administration of LPS (250 ug/kg bw) and PCM (2 g/kg bw) for 28 days resulted in massive elevation in serum and hepatic prooxidants and inflammatory parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tissue tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) with depletion in antioxidants system (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). These alterations were combined with elevation of serum liver function tests (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase level and (ALP). Oral administration of the BWE (100 mg/kg) for 15 days showed hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against both CCl4 and LPS/PCM as it increased the activities of antioxidants enzymes, decreased the prooxidants and inflammatory markers levels and improved the serum liver function tests levels. The obtained findings thus suggest that B. vulgaris aqueous extract has protective roles against hepatic toxicity and hepatic inflammation due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. Key words: Carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, lipopolysaccharide, glutathione peroxidase, alanine transferase.
{"title":"Berberis vulgaris aqueous extract prevention of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity and lipopolysaccharides/paracetamol induced hepatitis in rats","authors":"M. Moustafa, D. Ghareeb, Maha A El-Demellawy, M. M. Elsayed","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.6920","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.6920","url":null,"abstract":"The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Berberis vulgaris water extract (BWE) against CCl4-induced hepatotoxicity and LPS/PCM induced- hepatic inflammation in the experimental animal models. CCl4 (100 ug/kg, oral) administration for 28 days as well as the co-administration of LPS (250 ug/kg bw) and PCM (2 g/kg bw) for 28 days resulted in massive elevation in serum and hepatic prooxidants and inflammatory parameters (thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), tissue tumor necrosis factor–alpha (TNF-α), interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-12 and nitric oxide (NO) with depletion in antioxidants system (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx). These alterations were combined with elevation of serum liver function tests (alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate transaminase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase level and (ALP). Oral administration of the BWE (100 mg/kg) for 15 days showed hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory effects against both CCl4 and LPS/PCM as it increased the activities of antioxidants enzymes, decreased the prooxidants and inflammatory markers levels and improved the serum liver function tests levels. The obtained findings thus suggest that B. vulgaris aqueous extract has protective roles against hepatic toxicity and hepatic inflammation due to its antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Carbon tetrachloride, paracetamol, lipopolysaccharide, glutathione peroxidase, alanine transferase.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"206-214"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-05-31","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48540584","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
L. D. Dahourou, A. Konaté, A. Tapsoba, B. A. Kaboré, A. Kaboré, H. Tamboura, A. Traore
Porcine cysticercosis is a major public health issue in Burkina Faso. This study investigated farmers’ awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding this disease in Boulkiemde province, Burkina Faso. A survey was done with 132 randomly selected pig farmers in 10 villages of two municipalities of Boulkiemde province, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of interviewed farmers (54%) were from the Koudougou municipality and female (77%). The average number of pigs per farm was 5.4, and all pigs were roaming free during the dry season. All farmers already heard about porcine cysticercosis and the condition had various names in local languages in the study area. In the area, 66% of farmers observed porcine cysticercosis in their pigs, and among them 85% have noted cysticercosis cases in their farms during a period of six months before the survey. During the survey, farmers stated that, on average, infected pigs lost 62% of their market value. Among farmers, 77% knew some traditional treatments based on plants. Fourteen plants species were documented as used in the treatment of this disease. The most commonly used plant species is Parkia biglobosa, with a frequency index of 37%. In general, the leaves (44%), bark (30%), seeds (23%) and roots (3%) are used in treatments that are administered only orally. Key words: Burkina Faso, Sabou, Koudougou, Taenia solium, plant, treatment.
{"title":"Farmers awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding porcine cysticercosis in the province of Boulkiemde, Burkina Faso","authors":"L. D. Dahourou, A. Konaté, A. Tapsoba, B. A. Kaboré, A. Kaboré, H. Tamboura, A. Traore","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7042","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7042","url":null,"abstract":"Porcine cysticercosis is a major public health issue in Burkina Faso. This study investigated farmers’ awareness and ethno-veterinary practices regarding this disease in Boulkiemde province, Burkina Faso. A survey was done with 132 randomly selected pig farmers in 10 villages of two municipalities of Boulkiemde province, using a semi-structured questionnaire. The majority of interviewed farmers (54%) were from the Koudougou municipality and female (77%). The average number of pigs per farm was 5.4, and all pigs were roaming free during the dry season. All farmers already heard about porcine cysticercosis and the condition had various names in local languages in the study area. In the area, 66% of farmers observed porcine cysticercosis in their pigs, and among them 85% have noted cysticercosis cases in their farms during a period of six months before the survey. During the survey, farmers stated that, on average, infected pigs lost 62% of their market value. Among farmers, 77% knew some traditional treatments based on plants. Fourteen plants species were documented as used in the treatment of this disease. The most commonly used plant species is Parkia biglobosa, with a frequency index of 37%. In general, the leaves (44%), bark (30%), seeds (23%) and roots (3%) are used in treatments that are administered only orally. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Burkina Faso, Sabou, Koudougou, Taenia solium, plant, treatment.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42279395","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
F. Mbaoji, C. Onyeto, O. O. Ndu, B. Obi, A. M. Onwuka
This study evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms. (Fabaceae) stem bark. Three models used in this study were: normoglycemic animal model, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic model for acute and prolonged administration. Five (5) groups of rats (n=5) were used for all models; group 1 served as the control (received 2 ml/kg of distilled water; p.o.), groups 2, 3, and 4 received S. micranthus extract (SME) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, while group 5 received glibenclamide (GLI 0.2 mg/kg) as a reference drug. In the normoglycemic study, the % reduction in blood glucose concentration (BGC) was 22.24, 29.97, 30.03 and 37.28% for SME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and GLI, respectively. In the OGTT study, suppression in BGC was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 120 min for the 400 mg/kg SME group. The glycemic changes (%) observed in SME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) treated rats were 3.4, 0.86 and 0.45%, respectively at the 120 min relative to 0 min values. Also, oral administration of SME (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and GLI significantly (p<0.05) reduced the BGC to varying degrees in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. The SME at 400 mg/kg produced the highest percentage diminution in BGC of 23.26 and 67.66% for the acute and the prolonged anti-hyperglycemic study respectively, whereas the standard drug, GLI, exhibited 73.55 and 66.10%, respectively. Histopathological studies revealed protection from the harmful effect of alloxan on the kidney and liver by SME-treatment after 28 days as against GLI treated group where there was evidence of mild hepatosis. From the results, it can be deduced that S. micranthus stem bark possesses anti-hyperglycemic effects, thus scientifically corroborating with the folkloric use. Key words: Stemonocoleus micranthus, alloxan, glibenclamide, normoglycemia, hyperglycemia.
{"title":"Anti-hyperglycemic effects of Stemonocoleus micranthus (Fabaceae) stem bark on alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats","authors":"F. Mbaoji, C. Onyeto, O. O. Ndu, B. Obi, A. M. Onwuka","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2019.6810","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2019.6810","url":null,"abstract":"This study evaluated the anti-hyperglycemic potential of Stemonocoleus micranthus Harms. (Fabaceae) stem bark. Three models used in this study were: normoglycemic animal model, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and alloxan-induced hyperglycemic model for acute and prolonged administration. Five (5) groups of rats (n=5) were used for all models; group 1 served as the control (received 2 ml/kg of distilled water; p.o.), groups 2, 3, and 4 received S. micranthus extract (SME) 100, 200, and 400 mg/kg, respectively, while group 5 received glibenclamide (GLI 0.2 mg/kg) as a reference drug. In the normoglycemic study, the % reduction in blood glucose concentration (BGC) was 22.24, 29.97, 30.03 and 37.28% for SME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) and GLI, respectively. In the OGTT study, suppression in BGC was statistically significant (p<0.05) at 120 min for the 400 mg/kg SME group. The glycemic changes (%) observed in SME (100, 200 and 400 mg/kg) treated rats were 3.4, 0.86 and 0.45%, respectively at the 120 min relative to 0 min values. Also, oral administration of SME (100, 200, 400 mg/kg) and GLI significantly (p<0.05) reduced the BGC to varying degrees in alloxan-induced hyperglycemic rats. The SME at 400 mg/kg produced the highest percentage diminution in BGC of 23.26 and 67.66% for the acute and the prolonged anti-hyperglycemic study respectively, whereas the standard drug, GLI, exhibited 73.55 and 66.10%, respectively. Histopathological studies revealed protection from the harmful effect of alloxan on the kidney and liver by SME-treatment after 28 days as against GLI treated group where there was evidence of mild hepatosis. From the results, it can be deduced that S. micranthus stem bark possesses anti-hyperglycemic effects, thus scientifically corroborating with the folkloric use. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Stemonocoleus micranthus, alloxan, glibenclamide, normoglycemia, hyperglycemia.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48670152","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Thomas, Rawa Raouf Ismail, A. Diyya, Dlzar D Ghafour, Lanya Karwan Jalal
In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiotic activity against certain species of bacteria known for several disease states like endocarditis, external otitis, skin rash, etc. Also, there is a growing concern among the immunocompromised individuals that they may be susceptible to antibiotics and anti-fungal resistant infections resulting in increased fatality rates. Hence, in this investigation, extraction of potentially bioactive compounds from natural resources like freshwater algae was performed along with the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of these extracts against some opportunistic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method. The data showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial activity of the organic extracts (0.1 g/ml) obtained from freshwater algae against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and S. xylosus strains as compared to the control. Our data reinforce the importance of bioactive compounds from fresh algae as potential antimicrobial agents, and they could act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. Key words: Freshwater algae, Organic extracts, Antimicrobial activity, Opportunistic bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Streptococcus, Natural Antibiotics.
{"title":"Antibacterial effects of the organic crude extracts of freshwater algae of Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan Region, Iraq","authors":"N. Thomas, Rawa Raouf Ismail, A. Diyya, Dlzar D Ghafour, Lanya Karwan Jalal","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7117","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7117","url":null,"abstract":"In the recent past, the importance of freshwater algae has grown enormously due to their antibiotic activity against certain species of bacteria known for several disease states like endocarditis, external otitis, skin rash, etc. Also, there is a growing concern among the immunocompromised individuals that they may be susceptible to antibiotics and anti-fungal resistant infections resulting in increased fatality rates. Hence, in this investigation, extraction of potentially bioactive compounds from natural resources like freshwater algae was performed along with the evaluation of the antimicrobial activities of these extracts against some opportunistic bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus xylosus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa using well diffusion method. The data showed a statistically significant (P < 0.05) antibacterial activity of the organic extracts (0.1 g/ml) obtained from freshwater algae against multi-drug resistant S. aureus and S. xylosus strains as compared to the control. Our data reinforce the importance of bioactive compounds from fresh algae as potential antimicrobial agents, and they could act as an alternative to conventional antibiotics. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Freshwater algae, Organic extracts, Antimicrobial activity, Opportunistic bacteria, Methicillin Resistant Streptococcus, Natural Antibiotics.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":" ","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47402529","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Ruth Silva Lima da Costa, David Smangoszevski Martins, Laan Diego Carvalho Peixoto, Bárbara Janaína P. Silva, Larissa Barbosa Borges, E. Lima, H. Koolen, D. Meneguetti, A. Pessoa, Romeu Paulo Martins Silva
The use of natural products with curative action is a common cultural practice in the Brazilian Amazon, but little explored scientifically. The effect of Hymenaea courbaril L sap extract and its contribution to wound healing in mice was evaluated. The antioxidant potential of the extract was studied using the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical, anion superoxide (O2-) radical tests, phenol and flavonoid content, proliferation assay, cell viability and migration. In vivo tests were performed on adult Swiss mice, submitted to back injury and treated with a formulation containing 2% sap extract, extracted with ethyl acetate. The animals were treated topically for 14 days, it was observed that the sap extract has antioxidant activity, inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, presented potential for the proliferation of fibroblasts and promoted cell migration. Morphometric analysis of wound closure on the 3rd day suggested that animals treated with Jatoba sap had a reduced area of injury when compared with the control group on the 3rd post-injury day for the treated group. On the 14th day, there was no difference between groups. The total closure of the wounds did not occur during the 14-day experiment, but through histological evaluation, it was found that there was re-epithelialization. The results suggest that Jatoba sap extract has the potential to induce the healing of skin wounds due to its antioxidant activity. Key words: Hymenaea courbaril L extract, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, wound.
{"title":"Antioxidant effect of Hymenaea courbaril L (Jatob) sap on the healing of wounds on mice","authors":"Ruth Silva Lima da Costa, David Smangoszevski Martins, Laan Diego Carvalho Peixoto, Bárbara Janaína P. Silva, Larissa Barbosa Borges, E. Lima, H. Koolen, D. Meneguetti, A. Pessoa, Romeu Paulo Martins Silva","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2021.7091","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2021.7091","url":null,"abstract":"The use of natural products with curative action is a common cultural practice in the Brazilian Amazon, but little explored scientifically. The effect of Hymenaea courbaril L sap extract and its contribution to wound healing in mice was evaluated. The antioxidant potential of the extract was studied using the radical 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrilhidrazil and 2,2'-azino-bis (3-ethyl benzothiazoline-6-sulfonic) acid radical, anion superoxide (O2-) radical tests, phenol and flavonoid content, proliferation assay, cell viability and migration. In vivo tests were performed on adult Swiss mice, submitted to back injury and treated with a formulation containing 2% sap extract, extracted with ethyl acetate. The animals were treated topically for 14 days, it was observed that the sap extract has antioxidant activity, inhibiting the production of reactive oxygen species, presented potential for the proliferation of fibroblasts and promoted cell migration. Morphometric analysis of wound closure on the 3rd day suggested that animals treated with Jatoba sap had a reduced area of injury when compared with the control group on the 3rd post-injury day for the treated group. On the 14th day, there was no difference between groups. The total closure of the wounds did not occur during the 14-day experiment, but through histological evaluation, it was found that there was re-epithelialization. The results suggest that Jatoba sap extract has the potential to induce the healing of skin wounds due to its antioxidant activity. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Hymenaea courbaril L extract, cytotoxicity, antioxidant activity, wound.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"160-171"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"48851340","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Curative dependence on season of harvest for medicinal plants is an alleged claim by traditional health practitioners. This study aimed to verify these claims by investigating antifungal activity and chemical profiles of two traditionally used medicinal plant species: Turraea holstii and Clausena anisata harvested in the rainy and dry seasons, with a view of establishing appropriate the season for optimal activity. The antifungal activities were determined by Broth micro-dilution method, while chemical profiling of the extracts from the plant materials was done by gas chromatography (GC). Results indicated that extracts of plant materials harvested in dry season showed enhanced antifungal activity as compared to extracts of plant materials harvested in the rainy season, highest potency being 0.39 mg/mL, observed on dichloromethane fractions of both T. holstii and C. anisata. The GC chromatograms showed a general increase in the number and amount of chemical species for extracts of plant materials harvested in dry season as compared to extracts of plant materials harvested in the rainy season. Thus, it is concluded that because the dry season produces the best curative activity, harvesting should focus on this season. Key words: Chemical profile, antifungal activity, extracts, seasonal impacts.
{"title":"Seasonal impacts on antifungal activity and chemical composition of extracts from medicinal plants Turraea holstii and Clausena anisata","authors":"F. Machumi, E. Innocent, P. Yanda","doi":"10.5897/JMPR2020.7056","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.5897/JMPR2020.7056","url":null,"abstract":"Curative dependence on season of harvest for medicinal plants is an alleged claim by traditional health practitioners. This study aimed to verify these claims by investigating antifungal activity and chemical profiles of two traditionally used medicinal plant species: Turraea holstii and Clausena anisata harvested in the rainy and dry seasons, with a view of establishing appropriate the season for optimal activity. The antifungal activities were determined by Broth micro-dilution method, while chemical profiling of the extracts from the plant materials was done by gas chromatography (GC). Results indicated that extracts of plant materials harvested in dry season showed enhanced antifungal activity as compared to extracts of plant materials harvested in the rainy season, highest potency being 0.39 mg/mL, observed on dichloromethane fractions of both T. holstii and C. anisata. The GC chromatograms showed a general increase in the number and amount of chemical species for extracts of plant materials harvested in dry season as compared to extracts of plant materials harvested in the rainy season. Thus, it is concluded that because the dry season produces the best curative activity, harvesting should focus on this season. \u0000 \u0000 Key words: Chemical profile, antifungal activity, extracts, seasonal impacts.","PeriodicalId":16387,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medicinal Plants Research","volume":"15 1","pages":"133-139"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-30","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"47356959","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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