Journal of midwifery & women's health最新文献

Combined hormonal birth control comes in the form of pills, a patch, or a vaginal ring. These birth control methods contain 2 hormones: estrogen and progestin. You will need a prescription from your health care provider for any of the combined hormonal birth control methods.

The hormones in combined hormonal birth control stop your body from releasing an egg from your ovaries. These hormones also cause the mucus in your cervix (opening from your vagina to your uterus) to get thicker. This makes it harder for the sperm to reach the egg.

When combined hormonal birth control is used perfectly, less than 1 of every 100 people will get pregnant each year. In the United States, about 9 of every 100 people using combined hormonal birth control get pregnant every year because not everyone uses the method perfectly every time.

These methods are simple and easy to use. You may stop them on your own whenever you want. Most people are able to get pregnant as soon as they stop using a combined hormonal method. Many people will have shorter, lighter periods with less cramping when using this type of birth control. You may also have less acne, less unwanted hair growth, fewer premenstrual symptoms (PMS), and fewer migraines, especially if your headaches usually happen near the time of your period. You will have a lower risk of cancer in your uterus, ovaries, and colon for many years after using these methods.

If you use combined hormonal birth control, you have a slightly increased chance of having a blood clot in one of your legs or lungs, heart attack, or stroke. These problems are more likely for people who already have medical problems that increase the chance of these complications. Because of these risks, it is important to talk with your health care provider about your personal and family health history and if this method is right for you.

You may have nausea, headaches, breast tenderness, mild changes in mood and breakthrough bleeding (bleeding between your periods) while you use combined hormonal birth control. If you use the vaginal ring, you may have an increase in vaginal discharge or vaginal irritation. If you use the patch, you may have skin irritation where you place the patch. Side effects are most common during the first 3 months and then often go away.

Yes, some people with high blood pressure, diabetes, risk factors for blood clots, and other conditions should not use combined hormonal birth control methods, which is why you need to talk to your health care provider. Your provider will review your medical history before prescribing combined hormonal birth control or recommending a different method.

You take a combined birth control pill every day. You should take the pill at the same time every day to be most effective.

The hormonal patch is a small, sticky patch that is placed on your skin. You may put it on your upper arm, back, stomach, or buttock. You will wear your patch for 1 week and p

A reproductive life plan is a guide for you to decide if or when you would like to start a family. It is a set of goals you set for yourself to determine if you want to have children, when you want to have children, and under what conditions you would like to have children. The plan can be started when you feel you are ready and can be changed at any time you decide. You have the right to decide what you feel is right for yourself and should never feel that you are being forced to make decisions about whether or not to have children. You will want to review your reproductive life plan at least once a year or more frequently as your relationships or goals may change. Be sure to discuss your reproductive life plan with your health care provider. Your provider can provide information to help you develop your plan and meet the goals you set for yourself.

Planning ahead can help you avoid getting pregnant when you don't want to be pregnant and also be in good health if and when you do decide to become pregnant. Getting pregnant when you did not plan it can be a problem, or it can turn into a happy event. Planning pregnancy leads to healthier pregnancies, and healthier families.

Although many people talk about wanting to have a family, not everyone wants to have children. More and more people are childless by choice (also known as childfree). Whether to have children is a personal choice that only you can make. It's okay not to want children! If you never want to get pregnant, it is important to make sure you always use very effective birth control, such as an intrauterine device, the birth control implant, tubal sterilization (having your tubes tied), or your male partner having a vasectomy.

Each state has different laws about pregnancy and the right to make a decision about abortion. It is important to know the current laws in your state.

The first step is to decide if you want to have children. The next step is to answer questions about your plans for having children. There are 2 sets of questions depending on whether or not you want to have children.

After considering these important questions, talk about your plans for having or not having children in more depth with your partner, family, and health care provider. A reproductive life plan is important and can help you have a healthy baby and a less stressful pregnancy if you want to have children. It can also help you avoid pregnancy if you do not want to have children.

Flesch-Kincaid reading level 7.2

Approved October 2023. This handout replaces “Planning Your Family: Developing a Reproductive Life Plan” published in Volume 56, Issue 5, September/October 2011.

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People capable of pregnancy are disproportionately affected by HIV. Family planning needs and services are often unmet in this population, and clinical care guidelines regarding contraceptive options and abortion care are not well elucidated. Individuals living with HIV often face unique barriers in accessing contraception and abortion services due to internalized stigma, medically complex care (eg, drug–drug interactions, adverse effects of antiretroviral therapy), and distrust of health care providers. There is also a lack of clarity among reproductive health, primary, and infectious disease care providers on best-practice contraceptive counseling and contraceptive care for individuals living with HIV, given limited opportunities to enhance expertise in reproductive infectious disease. In this review, we summarize existing and updated evidence and clinical considerations regarding contraceptive counseling and abortion care in this population.

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