Journal of midwifery & women's health最新文献

Congratulations on breastfeeding your baby! Your baby gets important health benefits from breastfeeding, and you can keep giving your baby breast milk when you go back to work. Continuing to breastfeed can keep your baby healthy so that you miss less work.

There are several things you might do just as you start back working to make breastfeeding easier. It might help to work part-time hours for a short time before going back to work full-time. It also can help if you can work from home for some of your work hours. Check to see if there are hours you can work that you could bring your baby to work. Start back to work on a Thursday or Friday so you and your baby have a few days to adjust before you start a full work week. If you can find child care close to your work, you can nurse your baby during your lunch break.

Get everything you need for pumping your breasts and storing breast milk together the night before you go to work. Pack your bag and the supplies you will need to pump as well as the baby's bag. You can also thaw the amount of breast milk you will need for the next day by putting it in the refrigerator the night before. Lay out clothes for both of you the night before so you have extra time in the morning to nurse your baby before going to work.

Start talking to your supervisor about your plan to breastfeed before you have your baby. Find out if your workplace has a program to help provide support for breastfeeding. If not, talk to them about creating such a program. Get tips from others in your company who have successfully breastfed while they returned to work. It might help to remind your supervisor that you may miss fewer days of work due to a sick child and have less health care costs if you keep breastfeeding. Ask if there is a place to pump and store breastmilk. Law requires most employers to provide break time and a private space to pump.

Your most important goal after the baby is born is to have enough breast milk. Feed your baby at least 8 to 12 times a day. After you have a good supply of breast milk for your baby, start pumping milk at least once a day at about the same time each day. This will help increase your milk supply and give you extra breast milk in the freezer for other times you want to give your baby a bottle. Pump after the feeding. Late at night and early in the morning usually provide the most milk. Don't worry if you get little or no milk at first. Your breasts will make more milk over time as you continue to pump. Start introducing a bottle to your baby at least a week or two before you return to work.

A high-quality double-sided electric breast pump is the best type of breast pump for those who work. You will be able to pump both breasts in 10 to 15 minutes. You can buy or rent your pump. The cost will be small compared to the cost of formula. Your local WIC office, health department, hospital, or health care provider can help you learn where to buy or rent your pump. Check

Some yeast or fungus normally lives in a healthy vagina. When there is too much yeast, you can have vaginal burning and/or itching and sometimes a sticky or clumpy, white vaginal discharge. This is called a vulvovaginal candidiasis (VVC) infection or “yeast infection.”

Yeast can overgrow in the vagina for many reasons. Yeast grows best in dark, moist areas. Tight clothes, nylon underwear, and extra folds of skin make areas that are easy for yeast to grow. Yeast also grows when the normal bacteria in the vagina change. This can happen if you take antibiotics or when your hormones change. Hormones change when you take birth control pills or when you are pregnant. Yeast also likes sugar. If you eat too much sugar or have diabetes that is not controlled, yeast is more likely to overgrow. Yeast may overgrow if your immune system is weak like with HIV or medications like steroids.

Wear cotton underwear and change out of wet swimsuits or workout clothes quickly to keep moisture away from your vagina. Materials like nylon can keep the vagina moist. Avoiding the use of panty liners and tights or pantyhose may also prevent VVC. Do not douche. This removes good bacteria that protect your vagina from too much yeast. Do not insert any lotions or perfumes inside the vaginal, especially products that have heavy scents or chemicals. They may irritate your vagina.

Most yeast infections can be treated with over-the-counter medicine inserted into your vagina that comes as a cream, suppository, or tablet. The medicines listed here are used for 1 to 7 days. One-day treatments should only be used for mild infections. If you are having a lot of burning or itching, you will want to use the medicine for 3 or 7 days. If you are pregnant, you need to use a 7-day treatment. Use the medicine for the entire time, even if you feel better. Stopping the medicine too soon can cause the infection to come back. If the symptoms do not go away, contact your health care provider for further evaluation and treatment. There a few prescription creams and a pill that can also be used if needed.

Wash your hands before and after you use these medicines. Clean the outside of your vagina with warm water and dry well. Insert the medicine into your vagina while you are lying down at night before you go to sleep. This helps the medicine stay in your vagina for several hours.

Slight burning of the skin or vagina is normal with first contact. There usually are no other problems related to using these medicines. But, you should not use any medicine if you are allergic to it.

Many of these medicines are oil-based. If you put the medicine in your vagina and use a latex condom or diaphragm when you have sex, the medicine may cause breaks. In that case, either avoid sex while using the medicines or use another type of birth control.

If you think this is your first VVC infection, you can try over-the-counter medication. If it

Hyperlipidemia incidence is on the rise and lifestyle behavior change is the first-line therapy. Left untreated, hyperlipidemia can result in cardiovascular disease leading to increased morbidity and mortality in persons worldwide. Evidence has demonstrated behavioral changes such as increased exercise, healthy nutrition, smoking cessation, alcohol abstinence, and other lifestyle modification interventions significantly decrease the incidence and severity of hyperlipidemia. The purpose of this article is to review the evidence of lifestyle interventions in preventing and managing hyperlipidemia and to suggest innovative ways to integrate those techniques into clinical practice. Recommendations on hyperlipidemia specific to pregnancy, polycystic ovary syndrome, and estrogen deficiency are also discussed.