Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548774
Daisuke Kosuge, H. Otsuka
Fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) supports multiple subcarrier spacings of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. 5G NR also supports 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for 5G allowing to achieve higher peak data rates and improve spectral efficiency. In this paper, we present the transmission performance of OFDM-based 1024-QAM for multiple subcarrier spacings under different types of multipath fading channels, i.e., Rayleigh fading channel in frequency range 1 (FR1), Rayleigh fading channel in FR2, and Rician fading in FR2. Using link-level computer simulations, we clarify the BER performance of OFDM-based 1024-QAM as parameters of coding rates for the subcarrier spacings of 15 and 240 kHz under three types of multipath fading channels based on tapped delay line models.
{"title":"Transmission Performance of OFDM-based 1024-QAM under Different Types of Multipath Fading Channels","authors":"Daisuke Kosuge, H. Otsuka","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548774","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548774","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth-generation (5G) new radio (NR) supports multiple subcarrier spacings of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals. 5G NR also supports 1024-quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) for 5G allowing to achieve higher peak data rates and improve spectral efficiency. In this paper, we present the transmission performance of OFDM-based 1024-QAM for multiple subcarrier spacings under different types of multipath fading channels, i.e., Rayleigh fading channel in frequency range 1 (FR1), Rayleigh fading channel in FR2, and Rician fading in FR2. Using link-level computer simulations, we clarify the BER performance of OFDM-based 1024-QAM as parameters of coding rates for the subcarrier spacings of 15 and 240 kHz under three types of multipath fading channels based on tapped delay line models.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"24 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"123806393","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548756
Yi-Yun Li, Ta-Sheng Lin, Hung-Yu Wei
Factory of the Future (FoF) is a vision for how manufacturers should enhance management and production. In such a factory, real-time video analytic tasks are critical and can be provided by modern cameras and the server system behind them. With the 5G wireless technology and the developing deep learning models, the cloud-edge computing architecture can be applied to meet the application requirements of low latency and high accuracy. In this paper, we propose an efficient, near-optimal, and truthful mechanism to deal with the incentive-compatible resource allocation problem of video analytic service in FoF. To provide latency- and accuracy- aware service instantly, we relax the optimality and propose an efficient allocation algorithm that also helps truthful pricing in the mechanism design. With the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulations, we show the mechanism guarantees desired properties- computational efficiency, individual rationality, truthfulness, and weakly budget-balance.
{"title":"Game-Theoretic Cloud-Edge Resource Allocation for Video Analytics in the Factory of the Future","authors":"Yi-Yun Li, Ta-Sheng Lin, Hung-Yu Wei","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548756","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548756","url":null,"abstract":"Factory of the Future (FoF) is a vision for how manufacturers should enhance management and production. In such a factory, real-time video analytic tasks are critical and can be provided by modern cameras and the server system behind them. With the 5G wireless technology and the developing deep learning models, the cloud-edge computing architecture can be applied to meet the application requirements of low latency and high accuracy. In this paper, we propose an efficient, near-optimal, and truthful mechanism to deal with the incentive-compatible resource allocation problem of video analytic service in FoF. To provide latency- and accuracy- aware service instantly, we relax the optimality and propose an efficient allocation algorithm that also helps truthful pricing in the mechanism design. With the theoretical analysis and the numerical simulations, we show the mechanism guarantees desired properties- computational efficiency, individual rationality, truthfulness, and weakly budget-balance.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"211 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116395712","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548752
Aisha Javed, N. Hassan, C. Yuen
Indoor localization is essential for providing location based services inside homes, malls, and hospitals. Wi-Fi routers are available in almost every building and Wi-Fi chipsets are also available in almost every smartphone. Therefore, fingerprinting of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values coming from Wi-Fi routers is a cheaper option for indoor localization. In conventional Wi-Fi fingerprinting methods, RSSI values are collected at various indoor locations and stored in a database. The device which needs localization, collects new RSSI values from its current unknown location. These values are compared with the database and the best match is returned as the current user location. Due to differences in Wi-Fi chipsets and environmental conditions, RSSI values fluctuate which makes accurate, stable, fast, and precise determination of user location difficult. If the user is inside a large multi-floor building, dataset scalability and RSSI fluctuations can make the task even more difficult. User tracking and determination of the direction in which the user is moving also becomes challenging due to hurdles and non-walkable points in the indoor environment. To solve these issues, in this paper we present a Wi-Fi fingerprinting method for large indoor environments that uses 1-D convolutional neural networks (CNN) for floor and region-status (hurdle, walkable point) classification. The procedure consists of collecting RSSI dataset which is then normalized and pre-processed. This step is essential for training the classification and localization model. The trained model can be used in real-time for fast, stable, and accurate classification of floors, region-status and user location coordinates. Based on our experiments inside a two floor university library, the proposed approach can classify the floors and region-status with an accuracy of 70.50% and 81.23% respectively, while the mean localization error is 3.47 m.
{"title":"Accurate and Stable Wi-Fi based Indoor Localization and Classification Using Convolutional Neural Network","authors":"Aisha Javed, N. Hassan, C. Yuen","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548752","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548752","url":null,"abstract":"Indoor localization is essential for providing location based services inside homes, malls, and hospitals. Wi-Fi routers are available in almost every building and Wi-Fi chipsets are also available in almost every smartphone. Therefore, fingerprinting of Received Signal Strength Indicator (RSSI) values coming from Wi-Fi routers is a cheaper option for indoor localization. In conventional Wi-Fi fingerprinting methods, RSSI values are collected at various indoor locations and stored in a database. The device which needs localization, collects new RSSI values from its current unknown location. These values are compared with the database and the best match is returned as the current user location. Due to differences in Wi-Fi chipsets and environmental conditions, RSSI values fluctuate which makes accurate, stable, fast, and precise determination of user location difficult. If the user is inside a large multi-floor building, dataset scalability and RSSI fluctuations can make the task even more difficult. User tracking and determination of the direction in which the user is moving also becomes challenging due to hurdles and non-walkable points in the indoor environment. To solve these issues, in this paper we present a Wi-Fi fingerprinting method for large indoor environments that uses 1-D convolutional neural networks (CNN) for floor and region-status (hurdle, walkable point) classification. The procedure consists of collecting RSSI dataset which is then normalized and pre-processed. This step is essential for training the classification and localization model. The trained model can be used in real-time for fast, stable, and accurate classification of floors, region-status and user location coordinates. Based on our experiments inside a two floor university library, the proposed approach can classify the floors and region-status with an accuracy of 70.50% and 81.23% respectively, while the mean localization error is 3.47 m.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129026025","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548748
F. Kojima, T. Matsumura
NICT is promoting research and development activities on enhanced radio access technologies, expanded radio systems deployment technologies also coping with drones, and advanced wireless emulation technologies that enable effective radio system design and management via virtual evaluation in the cyber space, thereby provides highly diversified terrestrial wireless communication services. Most important key for such enriched wireless communication systems in the future is cyber-physical cooperation technology that has been established accompanied with B5G systems development. It is confirmed that highly diversified requirements for the wireless communications will be harmonized and provide an advanced radio resource utilization society in the future.
{"title":"NICT's R&D Activities on the Future Terrestrial Wireless Communication Systems toward B5G/6G by Harmonizing Requirements with Environments","authors":"F. Kojima, T. Matsumura","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548748","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548748","url":null,"abstract":"NICT is promoting research and development activities on enhanced radio access technologies, expanded radio systems deployment technologies also coping with drones, and advanced wireless emulation technologies that enable effective radio system design and management via virtual evaluation in the cyber space, thereby provides highly diversified terrestrial wireless communication services. Most important key for such enriched wireless communication systems in the future is cyber-physical cooperation technology that has been established accompanied with B5G systems development. It is confirmed that highly diversified requirements for the wireless communications will be harmonized and provide an advanced radio resource utilization society in the future.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"31 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"113989610","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548723
Toshiharu Obara, Tsubasa Shobudani, M. Sawahashi, Y. Kishiyama
This paper proposes multiplying a weighting factor of less than one to the interfering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol esti-mates in a turbo soft interference canceller (SIC) for OFDM applying faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. Computer simulation results show that by multiplying the weighting factor of 0.8 or 0.9 to the interfering OFDM symbol estimates, the required average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) satisfying the target aver-age block error rate (BLER) is decreased significantly assuming the same improvement level in the spectral efficiency of the FTN signaling compared to cyclic pre x based OFDM using 16QAM associated with the turbo coding rates of 1/3 and 1/2 in multipath Rayleigh fading channels.
{"title":"BLER of Turbo SIC Multiplying Weighting Factor to Symbol Estimates for OFDM Using FTN Signaling","authors":"Toshiharu Obara, Tsubasa Shobudani, M. Sawahashi, Y. Kishiyama","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548723","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548723","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes multiplying a weighting factor of less than one to the interfering orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) symbol esti-mates in a turbo soft interference canceller (SIC) for OFDM applying faster-than-Nyquist (FTN) signaling. Computer simulation results show that by multiplying the weighting factor of 0.8 or 0.9 to the interfering OFDM symbol estimates, the required average received signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) satisfying the target aver-age block error rate (BLER) is decreased significantly assuming the same improvement level in the spectral efficiency of the FTN signaling compared to cyclic pre x based OFDM using 16QAM associated with the turbo coding rates of 1/3 and 1/2 in multipath Rayleigh fading channels.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125623073","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548764
S. Hori, Yuma Kase, Naoki Oshima, K. Kunihiro
This paper introduces the radio-over-fiber systems with the two novel 1-bit digital modulators: a phase-modulated-clocking envelope ΔΣ modulator and an all-digital outphasing modulator. By these modulators, radio-over-fiber systems are realized with commercially available optical devices for digital communication systems in low cost. The simulation results show that these modulators are verified to comply with the 3GPP ACLR specifications for 100 MHz OFDM signal.
{"title":"Radio-over-Fiber Systems with 1-bit Digital Modulation for 5G/6G Indoor Wireless Communication","authors":"S. Hori, Yuma Kase, Naoki Oshima, K. Kunihiro","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548764","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548764","url":null,"abstract":"This paper introduces the radio-over-fiber systems with the two novel 1-bit digital modulators: a phase-modulated-clocking envelope ΔΣ modulator and an all-digital outphasing modulator. By these modulators, radio-over-fiber systems are realized with commercially available optical devices for digital communication systems in low cost. The simulation results show that these modulators are verified to comply with the 3GPP ACLR specifications for 100 MHz OFDM signal.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"12 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122026060","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548727
M. Sawahashi, Fumiya Makishi, Y. Kishiyama
This paper proposes a Layer 1 (L1) control channel (CC) multiplexing scheme using in-band full duplex (FD) with synchronous orthogonal sequence assignment in the downlink and uplink to shorten the round trip time (RTT) due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). We describe the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme employing in-band FD associated with a cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu sequence and block spreading for synchronous orthogonal sequence assignments. We show the supported coverage area where the L1 CC multiplexing using in-band FD is available for various subcarrier spacings (SCSs). Finally, we show that the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme using in-band FD reduces the RTT due to HARQ compared to that for half duplex (HD) time division duplex (TDD) based CC multiplexing for various SCSs and slot assignments of data channels in HD TDD.
{"title":"Round Trip Time for Control Channel Multiplexing Using In-Band Full Duplex with Synchronous Orthogonal Sequence Assignment","authors":"M. Sawahashi, Fumiya Makishi, Y. Kishiyama","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548727","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548727","url":null,"abstract":"This paper proposes a Layer 1 (L1) control channel (CC) multiplexing scheme using in-band full duplex (FD) with synchronous orthogonal sequence assignment in the downlink and uplink to shorten the round trip time (RTT) due to hybrid automatic repeat request (HARQ). We describe the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme employing in-band FD associated with a cyclic-shifted Zadoff-Chu sequence and block spreading for synchronous orthogonal sequence assignments. We show the supported coverage area where the L1 CC multiplexing using in-band FD is available for various subcarrier spacings (SCSs). Finally, we show that the proposed L1 CC multiplexing scheme using in-band FD reduces the RTT due to HARQ compared to that for half duplex (HD) time division duplex (TDD) based CC multiplexing for various SCSs and slot assignments of data channels in HD TDD.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130427783","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548750
Juinn-Horng Deng, Chuan-Yi Liu, Cun-Jhe Liu, Meng-Lin Ku
The millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band is used in the 5th generation wireless systems, in which the high frequency unavoidably causes rapid attenuation. Therefore, multiple millimeter-wave power amplifiers (PAs) are utilized to achieve power amplification and to extend transmission range. However, the nonlinear effect is induced after the increased input power. To compensate the nonlinear effect of PAs, the transmitted signal can be pre-compensated by the digital pre-distortion (DPD) technology. In this paper, we verify the application performance of mmWave over-the-air (OTA) nonlinear PAs with DPD compensation. The research and simulation results confirm that the nonlinear problem and signal distortion caused by the power amplifier can be reduced by the indirect-learning based DPD technology, thereby improving the spectrum efficiency.
{"title":"Design and Experimental Validation of Digital Pre-distortion Techniques for mmWave OTA with Multiple Nonlinear Power Amplifiers","authors":"Juinn-Horng Deng, Chuan-Yi Liu, Cun-Jhe Liu, Meng-Lin Ku","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548750","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548750","url":null,"abstract":"The millimeter-wave (mmWave) frequency band is used in the 5th generation wireless systems, in which the high frequency unavoidably causes rapid attenuation. Therefore, multiple millimeter-wave power amplifiers (PAs) are utilized to achieve power amplification and to extend transmission range. However, the nonlinear effect is induced after the increased input power. To compensate the nonlinear effect of PAs, the transmitted signal can be pre-compensated by the digital pre-distortion (DPD) technology. In this paper, we verify the application performance of mmWave over-the-air (OTA) nonlinear PAs with DPD compensation. The research and simulation results confirm that the nonlinear problem and signal distortion caused by the power amplifier can be reduced by the indirect-learning based DPD technology, thereby improving the spectrum efficiency.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"4 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115308897","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548771
H. Asano, H. Noguchi, Noriyuki Shimizu, Tsutomu Asanuma, M. Yasugi, Takeo Ueta, Kosuke Ohno, Ryota Honda
Since mobile traffic is increasing explosively, effective utilization of millimeter waves that can increase capacity is expected, but low power efficiency and blocking problem are issues. The authors are proposing a wireless communication quality prediction technology that uses millimeterwave radar for avoiding blocking problem and a network that combines a 60GHz WLAN with a mobile network in order to realize a network that is highly power efficient and can be operated stably.
{"title":"High power efficiency millimeter-wave network with communication quality prediction technology","authors":"H. Asano, H. Noguchi, Noriyuki Shimizu, Tsutomu Asanuma, M. Yasugi, Takeo Ueta, Kosuke Ohno, Ryota Honda","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548771","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548771","url":null,"abstract":"Since mobile traffic is increasing explosively, effective utilization of millimeter waves that can increase capacity is expected, but low power efficiency and blocking problem are issues. The authors are proposing a wireless communication quality prediction technology that uses millimeterwave radar for avoiding blocking problem and a network that combines a 60GHz WLAN with a mobile network in order to realize a network that is highly power efficient and can be operated stably.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"9 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121352531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548769
Shoko Nishimura, S. Suyama, T. Asai, H. Otsuka
Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) with non-standalone (NSA) operation, i.e., 5G NR NSA, which enables 5G NR deployments using existing the fourth-generation (4G) mobile systems have been introduced to diffuse 5G mobile systems. With the same configuration as a heterogeneous network (HetNet), 5G NR NSA deployments combine with macrocells by 4G and picocells by 5G in the same coverage. The use of millimeter wave bands in 5G NR is expected to achieve higher data rates because the available amount of signal bandwidth is enormous. Therefore, multiband HetNets with picocells operating at millimeter wave band can increase the system capacity and/or achieve higher data rate. To compensate for the large signal path-loss due to the use of millimeter wave band, we have proposed sectorized picocells with three-dimensional beamforming (3D-BF) in HetNets. In this paper, we investigate the transmission performance of multiband HetNets with sectorized picocells with 3D-BF operating at 28 GHz band in multipath fading channels based on tapped delay line models. Using system-level computer simulations, we clarify the average and 5-percentile user throughput of the HetNet using three-sector picocells with 3D-BF operating at 28 GHz band, whose bandwidth is 10 times wider than that of the macrocell operating at 2 GHz. We also clarify that the proposed method can increase the use rate of high-order modulation scheme in the downlink modulation and coding schemes.
具有非独立(NSA)操作的第五代(5G)新无线电(NR)，即5G NR NSA，可以使用现有的第四代(4G)移动系统进行5G NR部署，已被引入到漫射5G移动系统中。在与异构网络(HetNet)相同的配置下，5G NR NSA部署与4G的macrocell和5G的piccell相结合，在相同的覆盖范围内。在5G NR中使用毫米波频段有望实现更高的数据速率，因为可用的信号带宽量非常大。因此，在毫米波频段使用皮蜂窝的多频带HetNets可以增加系统容量和/或实现更高的数据速率。为了补偿由于使用毫米波频段而导致的大信号路径损耗，我们在HetNets中提出了具有三维波束形成(3D-BF)的扇形皮细胞。本文基于分接延迟线模型，研究了28ghz多径衰落信道下带有3D-BF的扇形皮蜂窝多频带HetNets的传输性能。使用系统级计算机模拟，我们使用具有3D-BF的三扇区皮蜂窝在28ghz频段工作，其带宽比在2ghz频段工作的宏蜂窝宽10倍，阐明了HetNet的平均和5%用户吞吐量。该方法可以提高高阶调制方案在下行调制和编码方案中的使用率。
{"title":"Throughput Performance of HetNets using Sectorized Picocells with 3D Beamforming at 28 GHz Band in Multipath Fading Channels","authors":"Shoko Nishimura, S. Suyama, T. Asai, H. Otsuka","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548769","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548769","url":null,"abstract":"Fifth-generation (5G) New Radio (NR) with non-standalone (NSA) operation, i.e., 5G NR NSA, which enables 5G NR deployments using existing the fourth-generation (4G) mobile systems have been introduced to diffuse 5G mobile systems. With the same configuration as a heterogeneous network (HetNet), 5G NR NSA deployments combine with macrocells by 4G and picocells by 5G in the same coverage. The use of millimeter wave bands in 5G NR is expected to achieve higher data rates because the available amount of signal bandwidth is enormous. Therefore, multiband HetNets with picocells operating at millimeter wave band can increase the system capacity and/or achieve higher data rate. To compensate for the large signal path-loss due to the use of millimeter wave band, we have proposed sectorized picocells with three-dimensional beamforming (3D-BF) in HetNets. In this paper, we investigate the transmission performance of multiband HetNets with sectorized picocells with 3D-BF operating at 28 GHz band in multipath fading channels based on tapped delay line models. Using system-level computer simulations, we clarify the average and 5-percentile user throughput of the HetNet using three-sector picocells with 3D-BF operating at 28 GHz band, whose bandwidth is 10 times wider than that of the macrocell operating at 2 GHz. We also clarify that the proposed method can increase the use rate of high-order modulation scheme in the downlink modulation and coding schemes.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115762671","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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