Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548766
Juinn-Horng Deng, Shoushan Liu, Cun-Jhe Liu, Chun-Chih Hou, Chuan-Yi Liu, Meng-Lin Ku, Jian-Yu Li, J. D. Deng
This paper studies millimeter wave (mmWave) active array antennas by integrating antenna array, Anokiwave MMIC hardware and firmware design, ARM MCU, peripheral circuit design, etc. After the active array module is manufactured, the measured beam pattern is highly consistent with the simulation results of the ideal array antenna. Next, we propose a low-cost ITRI M3-Force software-defined-radio (SDR) platform to adjust the gain/phase parameters of the active array module. The measurement results validate that the parameter values are also very close to the gain/phase parameter values of the expensive network analyzer. Moreover, we measure the beam field pattern through the anechoic chamber. Based on the measured beam patterns, the proposed SDR platform adjustment has lower null pattern performance. Overall, the result provides practical and valuable validation to the antenna array module with the adjustment of ARM MCU and SDR platform.
{"title":"Design of Millimeter Wave Active Array Antenna Module with Embedded System and Calibration of Software Defined Radio Platform","authors":"Juinn-Horng Deng, Shoushan Liu, Cun-Jhe Liu, Chun-Chih Hou, Chuan-Yi Liu, Meng-Lin Ku, Jian-Yu Li, J. D. Deng","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548766","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548766","url":null,"abstract":"This paper studies millimeter wave (mmWave) active array antennas by integrating antenna array, Anokiwave MMIC hardware and firmware design, ARM MCU, peripheral circuit design, etc. After the active array module is manufactured, the measured beam pattern is highly consistent with the simulation results of the ideal array antenna. Next, we propose a low-cost ITRI M3-Force software-defined-radio (SDR) platform to adjust the gain/phase parameters of the active array module. The measurement results validate that the parameter values are also very close to the gain/phase parameter values of the expensive network analyzer. Moreover, we measure the beam field pattern through the anechoic chamber. Based on the measured beam patterns, the proposed SDR platform adjustment has lower null pattern performance. Overall, the result provides practical and valuable validation to the antenna array module with the adjustment of ARM MCU and SDR platform.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117132017","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548753
H. Shinbo, T. Murakami, Y. Tsukamoto, Y. Kishi
We have undertaken an R&D project in the "advanced 5G" era that aims at accommodating various types of communication involving current and emerging services with different data flow-level quality requirements. In this paper, the objectives and the technologies of the project are presented. We propose an architecture based on a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) that enables adaptive resource control of radio, computation and transport links, and RAN function placement in accordance with spatially changing communication demands. The topics under study that are essential for realizing the advanced 5G network are as follows: (a) blockage prediction, new radio access technologies (RATs) and their implementations with software-defined radio (SDR) for nano-area using the millimeter wave band, (b) adaptive interference and resource control, integration of radio and optical resource control, highly efficient optical transport link control, adaptive RAN function replacement, and service estimation per data flow for adaptive RAN. These research topics are essential to the realization of the advanced 5G network and will become the entrance to the Beyond5G/6G system.
{"title":"R&D of technology for high reliability management in advanced 5G network to meet the various requirements of different communication services","authors":"H. Shinbo, T. Murakami, Y. Tsukamoto, Y. Kishi","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548753","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548753","url":null,"abstract":"We have undertaken an R&D project in the \"advanced 5G\" era that aims at accommodating various types of communication involving current and emerging services with different data flow-level quality requirements. In this paper, the objectives and the technologies of the project are presented. We propose an architecture based on a virtualized radio access network (vRAN) that enables adaptive resource control of radio, computation and transport links, and RAN function placement in accordance with spatially changing communication demands. The topics under study that are essential for realizing the advanced 5G network are as follows: (a) blockage prediction, new radio access technologies (RATs) and their implementations with software-defined radio (SDR) for nano-area using the millimeter wave band, (b) adaptive interference and resource control, integration of radio and optical resource control, highly efficient optical transport link control, adaptive RAN function replacement, and service estimation per data flow for adaptive RAN. These research topics are essential to the realization of the advanced 5G network and will become the entrance to the Beyond5G/6G system.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"10 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115879109","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548758
Hideaki Tsugita, S. Denno, Yafei Hou
In this paper, we propose multi-input physical layer network coding (multi-input PLNC) for high speed wireless communication in two-dimensional multi-hop networks. In the proposed PLNC, all the terminals send their packets simultaneously for the neighboring relays to maximize the network throughput in the first slot, as well as the relays doing for the terminals in the second slot, which causes multiple signals to be received at the relays and the terminals. We propose linear precoding techniques that transform the multiple signal reception channel into parallel channels, in each of which the two-input XOR-physical layer network coding (XOR-PLNC) can be applied. The proposed precoding enables a simple XOR-PLNC decoder to be used at the relays and the terminals, even though all the terminals or the relays transmit their packets simultaneously. The proposed multi-input PLNC makes all the terminals exchange their packets to the neighboring terminals in only two time slots. The proposed multi-input PLNC makes more than 6-stream spatial multiplexing possible in spite of the number of antennas on the relay and the terminal. The performance of the proposed multi-input PLNC is confirmed by computer simulation. Because more than 6 antennas spatial multiplexing is performed by the proposed multi-input PLNC, the proposed PLNC achieves better transmission performance as more than 6 antennas are placed on the relay and the terminal in a two-dimensional network just like cellular networks.
{"title":"Multi-Input Physical Layer Network Coding In Wireless Two-Way Relay Networks","authors":"Hideaki Tsugita, S. Denno, Yafei Hou","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548758","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548758","url":null,"abstract":"In this paper, we propose multi-input physical layer network coding (multi-input PLNC) for high speed wireless communication in two-dimensional multi-hop networks. In the proposed PLNC, all the terminals send their packets simultaneously for the neighboring relays to maximize the network throughput in the first slot, as well as the relays doing for the terminals in the second slot, which causes multiple signals to be received at the relays and the terminals. We propose linear precoding techniques that transform the multiple signal reception channel into parallel channels, in each of which the two-input XOR-physical layer network coding (XOR-PLNC) can be applied. The proposed precoding enables a simple XOR-PLNC decoder to be used at the relays and the terminals, even though all the terminals or the relays transmit their packets simultaneously. The proposed multi-input PLNC makes all the terminals exchange their packets to the neighboring terminals in only two time slots. The proposed multi-input PLNC makes more than 6-stream spatial multiplexing possible in spite of the number of antennas on the relay and the terminal. The performance of the proposed multi-input PLNC is confirmed by computer simulation. Because more than 6 antennas spatial multiplexing is performed by the proposed multi-input PLNC, the proposed PLNC achieves better transmission performance as more than 6 antennas are placed on the relay and the terminal in a two-dimensional network just like cellular networks.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"130 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117205739","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548726
M. Elsagher, A. Al-Hourani, Ke Wang, Jinho Choi
Unnamed aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground communication is continuing to play a significant role in next-generation wireless technologies. Adopting Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays for wireless services provided by UAV offers higher data rates and enhanced spectral efficiency. Since UAVs usually hover higher than typical cellular towers, the UAV-to-ground MIMO channel requires detailed investigation in the urban environments in terms of fading and spatial correlation. In this paper, we study the behaviour of MIMO capacity gain in urban environments using a parameterized city model, such that the radio modelling can be performed using ray-tracing simulations. The presented framework investigates how the MIMO capacity gain is estimated and modeled based on the channel’s impulse response. The presented insights demonstrate the impact of both (i) the spacing of antenna elements and (ii) the elevation angle on the MIMO gain. It also shows the impact of the underlying urban environment on the channel capacity compared to the free space case.
{"title":"A Study on MIMO Gain of UAV-to-Ground Channel in Urban Environments","authors":"M. Elsagher, A. Al-Hourani, Ke Wang, Jinho Choi","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548726","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548726","url":null,"abstract":"Unnamed aerial vehicle (UAV)-to-ground communication is continuing to play a significant role in next-generation wireless technologies. Adopting Multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) arrays for wireless services provided by UAV offers higher data rates and enhanced spectral efficiency. Since UAVs usually hover higher than typical cellular towers, the UAV-to-ground MIMO channel requires detailed investigation in the urban environments in terms of fading and spatial correlation. In this paper, we study the behaviour of MIMO capacity gain in urban environments using a parameterized city model, such that the radio modelling can be performed using ray-tracing simulations. The presented framework investigates how the MIMO capacity gain is estimated and modeled based on the channel’s impulse response. The presented insights demonstrate the impact of both (i) the spacing of antenna elements and (ii) the elevation angle on the MIMO gain. It also shows the impact of the underlying urban environment on the channel capacity compared to the free space case.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"40 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"117148646","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548761
Muhammad Muqtadir, M. H. Butt, Daniyal Qazi, Faran Awais Butt, I. Naqvi, N. Hassan
Microwave-based radar sensors are increasingly been used for healthcare and security applications. The software defined implementation of the radars allows fall detection and classification of different types of motions enabling elderly care and monitoring without privacy invading cameras. In addition, such radar sensor allow seeing through visually opaque materials suitable for security applications. This paper investigates the use of micro-Doppler signatures of slowly moving objects to localize and detect and classify human micro-motions. Using the NI SDRs, we measure micro-Doppler signatures of various human motion scenarios. Thereafter, the micro Doppler signatures’ data is augmented before being used to train a convolutional neural network that detects and identifies the fall events.
{"title":"Health Secure Radar: Use of Micro Doppler Signatures for Health Care and Security Applications","authors":"Muhammad Muqtadir, M. H. Butt, Daniyal Qazi, Faran Awais Butt, I. Naqvi, N. Hassan","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548761","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548761","url":null,"abstract":"Microwave-based radar sensors are increasingly been used for healthcare and security applications. The software defined implementation of the radars allows fall detection and classification of different types of motions enabling elderly care and monitoring without privacy invading cameras. In addition, such radar sensor allow seeing through visually opaque materials suitable for security applications. This paper investigates the use of micro-Doppler signatures of slowly moving objects to localize and detect and classify human micro-motions. Using the NI SDRs, we measure micro-Doppler signatures of various human motion scenarios. Thereafter, the micro Doppler signatures’ data is augmented before being used to train a convolutional neural network that detects and identifies the fall events.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"115 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130429820","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548759
Ronghong Mo, Yiyang Pei, N. Venkatarayalu, Pereira Nathaniel, A. Premkumar, Sumei Sun
Outlier detection is challenging for time series with seasonality and trend due to the presence of local outliers. In this paper, we propose an online unsupervised deep learning based algorithm for outlier detection utilizing temporal convolutional neural network (TCN). In the proposed algorithm, firstly, the TCN network is trained using a novel loss function designed to address time series with seasonality and trend. Secondly, instead of a single global threshold for outlier detection for the entire time series, we define a set of thresholds computed based on the output of the TCN network, leading to robust detection of local outliers caused by the seasonality and the trend. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using synthetic time series. The results show that given 99% Precision, the proposed algorithm achieves at least 70% Recall and 80% F-score, which is much better than 43% Recall and 60% F-score achieved by the statistics-based seasonal extreme studentized deviate test (S-ESD) algorithm. Our algorithm also demonstrates better performance than that of the TCN based detection algorithm trained by the conventional loss function.
{"title":"An Unsupervised TCN-based Outlier Detection for Time Series with Seasonality and Trend","authors":"Ronghong Mo, Yiyang Pei, N. Venkatarayalu, Pereira Nathaniel, A. Premkumar, Sumei Sun","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548759","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548759","url":null,"abstract":"Outlier detection is challenging for time series with seasonality and trend due to the presence of local outliers. In this paper, we propose an online unsupervised deep learning based algorithm for outlier detection utilizing temporal convolutional neural network (TCN). In the proposed algorithm, firstly, the TCN network is trained using a novel loss function designed to address time series with seasonality and trend. Secondly, instead of a single global threshold for outlier detection for the entire time series, we define a set of thresholds computed based on the output of the TCN network, leading to robust detection of local outliers caused by the seasonality and the trend. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated using synthetic time series. The results show that given 99% Precision, the proposed algorithm achieves at least 70% Recall and 80% F-score, which is much better than 43% Recall and 60% F-score achieved by the statistics-based seasonal extreme studentized deviate test (S-ESD) algorithm. Our algorithm also demonstrates better performance than that of the TCN based detection algorithm trained by the conventional loss function.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116639669","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-08-01DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548754
Chung-hsuan Wang, J. Lu
Previous studies revealed that low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CC) with rational parity-check matrices may outperform LDPC-CC with ordinary polynomial parity-check matrices. However, such a performance improvement relies on a dynamic scheduling-aided decoding scheme with high processing latency which may prevent LDPC-CC with rational parity-check matrices from practical applications. In this paper, we find that conventional belief-propagation algorithms suitable for high-speed parallel implementation can still provide the satisfactory performance gain for LDPC-CC with rational parity-check matrices as long as some virtual channel outputs which can accelerate the convergence of iterative decoding are properly supplied. Criteria for generating virtual channel outputs are investigated from the viewpoint of Tanner graph. Simulation results are also provided for performance verification.
{"title":"Improved Belief-Propagation Decoding with Virtual Channel Outputs for LDPC Convolutional Codes with Rational Parity-Check Matrices","authors":"Chung-hsuan Wang, J. Lu","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548754","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548754","url":null,"abstract":"Previous studies revealed that low-density parity-check convolutional codes (LDPC-CC) with rational parity-check matrices may outperform LDPC-CC with ordinary polynomial parity-check matrices. However, such a performance improvement relies on a dynamic scheduling-aided decoding scheme with high processing latency which may prevent LDPC-CC with rational parity-check matrices from practical applications. In this paper, we find that conventional belief-propagation algorithms suitable for high-speed parallel implementation can still provide the satisfactory performance gain for LDPC-CC with rational parity-check matrices as long as some virtual channel outputs which can accelerate the convergence of iterative decoding are properly supplied. Criteria for generating virtual channel outputs are investigated from the viewpoint of Tanner graph. Simulation results are also provided for performance verification.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"8 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-08-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122258133","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-07-25DOI: 10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548768
Haemin Lee, Soyi Jung, Joongheon Kim
The massive growth of Smart City and Internet of Things applications enables safety and security. The data those are produced from surveillance cameras in aerial devices such as unmanned aerial networks (UAVs) are needed to be transferred to ground stations for secure data analysis. When the scale of network is relatively large compare to the wireless communication coverage of device, it is not always available to transmit the data to the ground stations, thus distributed and autonomous algorithms are essentially desired. Based on the needs, we propose a novel algorithm that is for collecting surveillance data under the consideration of mobility and flexibility of UAV networks. Due to the battery limitation in UAVs, we selectively collect data from the UAVs by setting rules under the consideration of distance and similarity. As a sequence, the UAV devices have to compete for a chance to get data processing. For this purpose, this paper designs a Myerson auction-based deep learning algorithm to leverage the UAV’s revenue compare to traditional second-price auction while preserving truthfulness. Based on simulation results, we verify that our proposed algorithm achieves desired performance improvements.
{"title":"Distributed and Autonomous Aerial Data Collection in Smart City Surveillance Applications","authors":"Haemin Lee, Soyi Jung, Joongheon Kim","doi":"10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548768","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1109/APWCS50173.2021.9548768","url":null,"abstract":"The massive growth of Smart City and Internet of Things applications enables safety and security. The data those are produced from surveillance cameras in aerial devices such as unmanned aerial networks (UAVs) are needed to be transferred to ground stations for secure data analysis. When the scale of network is relatively large compare to the wireless communication coverage of device, it is not always available to transmit the data to the ground stations, thus distributed and autonomous algorithms are essentially desired. Based on the needs, we propose a novel algorithm that is for collecting surveillance data under the consideration of mobility and flexibility of UAV networks. Due to the battery limitation in UAVs, we selectively collect data from the UAVs by setting rules under the consideration of distance and similarity. As a sequence, the UAV devices have to compete for a chance to get data processing. For this purpose, this paper designs a Myerson auction-based deep learning algorithm to leverage the UAV’s revenue compare to traditional second-price auction while preserving truthfulness. Based on simulation results, we verify that our proposed algorithm achieves desired performance improvements.","PeriodicalId":164737,"journal":{"name":"2021 IEEE VTS 17th Asia Pacific Wireless Communications Symposium (APWCS)","volume":"113 3 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-07-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"121042279","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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