Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35364
L. Thapa, Seeta Pathak, K. B. Pal, Tayer Mohamad Miya, Tej Bahadur Darji, G. Pant, R. Pant
Chromolaena odorata is one of the widely distributed invasive alien plants in the tropical to subtropical regions of Nepal. It has the ability to impact native species in its invaded range by multiple modes such as allelopathy including volatilization. This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in the essential oil of C. odorata. The leaf samples of C. odorata were collected from the Radha Krishna Community Forest, Chitwan district of Nepal. The essential oil from the leaves was extracted and the chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 chemical components from the oil were identified. The major components were linalool (21.64%); β-pinene (9.43%); 1,3-cycloheptadiene (8.92%); β-cubebene (7%); cinnamaldehyde (5.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.94%). To the best of our knowledge, the presence of o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and isoeugenyl acetate was not listed as the chemical constituents in volatile oils of C. odorata previously. The components of the volatile oil are suspected to have an allelopathic effect on native species, anti-herbivory properties, and medicinal values. Therefore, this study could be important to understand plant invasiveness and utilization of the plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds that could contribute to control and manage the invasive plants in the invaded areas.
{"title":"Chemical Constituents of the Essential Oil of Invasive Chromolaena odorata leaves in Central Nepal","authors":"L. Thapa, Seeta Pathak, K. B. Pal, Tayer Mohamad Miya, Tej Bahadur Darji, G. Pant, R. Pant","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35364","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35364","url":null,"abstract":"Chromolaena odorata is one of the widely distributed invasive alien plants in the tropical to subtropical regions of Nepal. It has the ability to impact native species in its invaded range by multiple modes such as allelopathy including volatilization. This study aims to identify volatile chemical components in the essential oil of C. odorata. The leaf samples of C. odorata were collected from the Radha Krishna Community Forest, Chitwan district of Nepal. The essential oil from the leaves was extracted and the chemical composition of the oil was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) and GC–mass spectrometry (GC–MS). A total of 19 chemical components from the oil were identified. The major components were linalool (21.64%); β-pinene (9.43%); 1,3-cycloheptadiene (8.92%); β-cubebene (7%); cinnamaldehyde (5.30%) and caryophyllene oxide (4.94%). To the best of our knowledge, the presence of o-methoxy cinnamaldehyde and isoeugenyl acetate was not listed as the chemical constituents in volatile oils of C. odorata previously. The components of the volatile oil are suspected to have an allelopathic effect on native species, anti-herbivory properties, and medicinal values. Therefore, this study could be important to understand plant invasiveness and utilization of the plant for the extraction of bioactive compounds that could contribute to control and manage the invasive plants in the invaded areas.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"266 1","pages":"132-137"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77949040","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35362
Deepak Basyal, A. Neupane, D. Pandey, S. Pandeya
Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae) also called asthma herb has long been prescribed in traditional medicine because it exhibits diverse pharmacological actions due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and saponins. The present study is aimed at the study of phytochemical and antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory screening of E. hirta. Extraction of dried powder was performed followed by phytochemical screening using color reactions. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity (IC50) of the extract were found as 288.10 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g), 29.36 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g) and 32.23 μg/mL (p<0.05) respectively. Diclofenac sodium and E. hirta extract showed the maximum inhibition of 91.28% and 68.20% respectively at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL compared with control (p>0.05). The phenolic compounds and flavonoids exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities because of their scavenging ability. The demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may be the rationale behind some of its folkloric uses and also may be responsible for some of its pharmacological effects. Thus, E. hirta can be considered a good source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory actions, which might be beneficial for combating oxidative stress.
{"title":"Phytochemical Screening and In Vitro Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Activities of Aerial Parts of Euphorbia hirta L.","authors":"Deepak Basyal, A. Neupane, D. Pandey, S. Pandeya","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35362","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35362","url":null,"abstract":"Euphorbia hirta L (Euphorbiaceae) also called asthma herb has long been prescribed in traditional medicine because it exhibits diverse pharmacological actions due to the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, polyphenols, triterpenoids, and saponins. The present study is aimed at the study of phytochemical and antioxidant activity and anti-inflammatory screening of E. hirta. Extraction of dried powder was performed followed by phytochemical screening using color reactions. Total phenolic content (TPC) and total flavonoid content (TFC) of the extracts were estimated by Folin-Ciocalteu and Aluminum chloride method respectively. The antioxidant activity was studied by the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging method. Anti-inflammatory activity was studied by using protein denaturation in vitro bioassay. Phytochemical screening showed the presence of flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds. TPC, TFC and antioxidant activity (IC50) of the extract were found as 288.10 mg gallic acid equivalent per gram (GAE/g), 29.36 mg quercetin equivalent per gram (QE/g) and 32.23 μg/mL (p<0.05) respectively. Diclofenac sodium and E. hirta extract showed the maximum inhibition of 91.28% and 68.20% respectively at the concentration of 1000 μg/mL compared with control (p>0.05). The phenolic compounds and flavonoids exert antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities because of their scavenging ability. The demonstrated antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities may be the rationale behind some of its folkloric uses and also may be responsible for some of its pharmacological effects. Thus, E. hirta can be considered a good source of antioxidants and anti-inflammatory actions, which might be beneficial for combating oxidative stress.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"7 1","pages":"115-124"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"72726350","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-02DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35360
Arun Bhujel, K. Wagle, B. Regmi, Bibek Sapkota, B. R. Poudel, S. K. Gautam
A promising adsorbent, charred water hyacinth (CWH) for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution was explored by heat treatment of water hyacinth followed by chemical activation with acidified zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption techniques were conducted for Ca(II) adsorption to assess the adsorption isotherm, effect of pH, contact time, initial Ca(II) concentration, adsorbent doses, and adsorption kinetics. The SEM micrograph illustrates the rough and irregular surface morphology and EDX spectra confirm the successful adsorption of Ca(II) on the adsorbent surface. The equilibrium adsorption data better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model having a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 319.75 mg/g. The highest percentage of adsorption was found at pH 1.5. The adsorption of Ca(II) by CWH decreased at the higher metal concentration and lower adsorbent doses. The adsorption of Ca(II) ions onto CWH followed the pseudosecond-order kinetics model. Overall, these results suggested that the as-prepared CWH can be used as an ecofriendly, economical and efficient alternative for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution.
{"title":"Utilization of Charred Water Hyacinth (Jalkumvi) as Biosorbent for Removal of Ca(II) Ion from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Arun Bhujel, K. Wagle, B. Regmi, Bibek Sapkota, B. R. Poudel, S. K. Gautam","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35360","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35360","url":null,"abstract":"A promising adsorbent, charred water hyacinth (CWH) for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution was explored by heat treatment of water hyacinth followed by chemical activation with acidified zinc chloride (ZnCl2). The adsorbent was characterized using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and electron dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy. Batch adsorption techniques were conducted for Ca(II) adsorption to assess the adsorption isotherm, effect of pH, contact time, initial Ca(II) concentration, adsorbent doses, and adsorption kinetics. The SEM micrograph illustrates the rough and irregular surface morphology and EDX spectra confirm the successful adsorption of Ca(II) on the adsorbent surface. The equilibrium adsorption data better fitted to the Freundlich isotherm model having a maximum adsorption capacity (qmax) of 319.75 mg/g. The highest percentage of adsorption was found at pH 1.5. The adsorption of Ca(II) by CWH decreased at the higher metal concentration and lower adsorbent doses. The adsorption of Ca(II) ions onto CWH followed the pseudosecond-order kinetics model. Overall, these results suggested that the as-prepared CWH can be used as an ecofriendly, economical and efficient alternative for the removal of Ca(II) from the aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":"107-114"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-02","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"86499731","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35340
M. Adhikari, Sandeep Sharma Lamsal
Phosphoric acid-activated Terminalia-bellerica (Barro) seed stone powder was carbonized in a muffle furnace at three different temperatures (300, 400, and 500oC). The activated carbons (BAC-300, BAC-400, and BAC-500) were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue number, and iodine number. The iodine number (357 mg/g) and specific surface area (537 m2/g) were a maximum for BAC-400. The BACs followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity was 212.77 mg/g. The silver ion removal efficiency was a maximum at pH 6, 3 mg/L of adsorbent dose, and 20 mg/L of silver ion concentration. The BAC-400 could adsorb 40 % of silver ion within 5 mins with the initial Ag(I) ion concentration of 20 mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 1 mg/L. The percentage of adsorption enhanced to 100% with the increment of adsorbent dose to 3 g/L.The adsorption kinetics of silver (I) ion on BAC-400 was well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics suggesting the chemisorption of silver ions. All the results attributed that low-cost viable adsorbent can be prepared from Barro seed stone for the efficient removal of silver ion from aqueous solution.
{"title":"Silver(I) Ion Removal Efficiency of Activated Carbon Prepared from Terminalia-bellerica (Barro) Seed Stone","authors":"M. Adhikari, Sandeep Sharma Lamsal","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35340","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35340","url":null,"abstract":"Phosphoric acid-activated Terminalia-bellerica (Barro) seed stone powder was carbonized in a muffle furnace at three different temperatures (300, 400, and 500oC). The activated carbons (BAC-300, BAC-400, and BAC-500) were characterized by using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), methylene blue number, and iodine number. The iodine number (357 mg/g) and specific surface area (537 m2/g) were a maximum for BAC-400. The BACs followed Langmuir adsorption isotherm and the maximum methylene blue adsorption capacity was 212.77 mg/g. The silver ion removal efficiency was a maximum at pH 6, 3 mg/L of adsorbent dose, and 20 mg/L of silver ion concentration. The BAC-400 could adsorb 40 % of silver ion within 5 mins with the initial Ag(I) ion concentration of 20 mg/L and an adsorbent dose of 1 mg/L. The percentage of adsorption enhanced to 100% with the increment of adsorbent dose to 3 g/L.The adsorption kinetics of silver (I) ion on BAC-400 was well fitted to pseudo-second-order kinetics suggesting the chemisorption of silver ions. All the results attributed that low-cost viable adsorbent can be prepared from Barro seed stone for the efficient removal of silver ion from aqueous solution.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"24 1","pages":"89-98"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89145472","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35329
K. Parajuli, K. Sharma, N. Bhattarai, G. G.C.
Quantification of iron in different pharmaceuticals can be performed by different analytical methods. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of iron (II) in different iron tablets. A spectrophotometric method is based on the reaction of iron (II) with 1,10-phenanthroline to form an orange-red chelating complex in an acidic medium. The maximum absorbance of the chelating complex was measured at 510 nm. The Beer Lambert’s law was found to be obeyed in the range of 0.4-4.0 mg/L of iron (II). Out of ten samples analyzed, the observed amount of iron (II) in nine samples were range from 105 to 96 mg whereas in one sample it was observed only 81 mg per 100 mg of the labeled amount of iron(II) by the manufacturer. Thus the results obtained by the spectrophotometric method using 1,10-phenanthroline as a color developing agent were nearly equal to the claimed values of iron (II) in different iron tablets from manufacturing companies.
{"title":"Spectrophotometric Quantification of Iron in Different Pharmaceuticals","authors":"K. Parajuli, K. Sharma, N. Bhattarai, G. G.C.","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35329","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35329","url":null,"abstract":"Quantification of iron in different pharmaceuticals can be performed by different analytical methods. In this study, a rapid, sensitive and simple spectrophotometric method was used for the determination of iron (II) in different iron tablets. A spectrophotometric method is based on the reaction of iron (II) with 1,10-phenanthroline to form an orange-red chelating complex in an acidic medium. The maximum absorbance of the chelating complex was measured at 510 nm. The Beer Lambert’s law was found to be obeyed in the range of 0.4-4.0 mg/L of iron (II). Out of ten samples analyzed, the observed amount of iron (II) in nine samples were range from 105 to 96 mg whereas in one sample it was observed only 81 mg per 100 mg of the labeled amount of iron(II) by the manufacturer. Thus the results obtained by the spectrophotometric method using 1,10-phenanthroline as a color developing agent were nearly equal to the claimed values of iron (II) in different iron tablets from manufacturing companies.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"2 1","pages":"51-55"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"85294593","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35322
Prem Shankar Deo, R. Rawat, B. Shakya
Triazole nucleus has drawn much attention since the last decade because of its various potent biological activities. The pharmacological application of triazoles has been widely recognized and well documented. Schiff and Mannich bases are both considered as bioactive compounds, however, there are not much of documentation about the Mannich bases as their study has begun lately. The main aim of this study was to synthesize new Mannich bases from Schiff base bearing 1,2,4-triazole nucleus to access their antimicrobial activities. The newly synthesized compounds 1,2,4-triazole-5-thione, Schiff base (4) and Mannich bases (5a & 5b) were characterized by spectral techniques like UV, FT-IR, and NMR. Mannich bases were tested against various bacterial (gm +ve and gm –ve) as well as fungal strains. The synthesized Mannich bases showed good to moderate activities against the tested bacterial and fungal strains.
{"title":"Synthesis, Characterization and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Mannich Bases of 4-(Furan-2-yl-methyleneamino)-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5-thione","authors":"Prem Shankar Deo, R. Rawat, B. Shakya","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35322","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35322","url":null,"abstract":"Triazole nucleus has drawn much attention since the last decade because of its various potent biological activities. The pharmacological application of triazoles has been widely recognized and well documented. Schiff and Mannich bases are both considered as bioactive compounds, however, there are not much of documentation about the Mannich bases as their study has begun lately. The main aim of this study was to synthesize new Mannich bases from Schiff base bearing 1,2,4-triazole nucleus to access their antimicrobial activities. The newly synthesized compounds 1,2,4-triazole-5-thione, Schiff base (4) and Mannich bases (5a & 5b) were characterized by spectral techniques like UV, FT-IR, and NMR. Mannich bases were tested against various bacterial (gm +ve and gm –ve) as well as fungal strains. The synthesized Mannich bases showed good to moderate activities against the tested bacterial and fungal strains.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"3 1","pages":"6-15"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89673516","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35338
M. Dhakal, N. Duwal, Narendra M. Adhikari, S. Joshi, J. Bhattarai
The geological genesis of the Thimi-Sanothimi white clay deposits of Kathmandu Valley was explored employing mineralogical and chemical analyses in this research. For the study, two sample specimens of the clay having two types of particle size, i.e., about < 63 μm (bulk) and < 2 μm (fine), were separated with the help of standard sieve mesh which further modified using high-temperature heat, and 1 M HCl and 1 M KCl solution treatments. For the most part, both the clay fractions constituted of 2:1 type of vermiculite and mica (mainly of K-mica type) clay minerals with different feldspars and quartz phases as clay admixtures from the results of the mineralogical phase analysis. The chemical constituents of the clay particles with < 63 μm, < 2 μm, and the HCl-treated sample specimens confirmed the existence of a high quantity of SiO2 with comparatively low Al2O3 which indicates the presence of fewer amounts of the vermiculite and mica minerals comparatively with feldspars and quart admixtures in the analyzed white clay samples. Moreover, the clay sample contained a considerable quantity of Fe2O3 and MgO chemicals which are not favorable raw material constituents for good quality porcelains and white-wares products without refining and chemical-modifications. The present work could be the first step to explore its potentiality in various industrial sectors like table-ware, sanitary-ware, brick and tile ceramics, paper and pulp, petrochemical, pharmaceutical including environmental pollution controlling agents in Nepal.
本文采用矿物学和化学分析方法，探讨了加德满都谷地Thimi-Sanothimi白粘土矿床的地质成因。本研究采用标准筛网对粒径< 63 μm(粗粒)和< 2 μm(细粒)两种类型的粘土试样进行分离，并采用高温加热、1 M HCl和1 M KCl溶液处理对其进行改性。矿物学物相分析结果表明，粘土组分均由2:1型蛭石和云母(主要为k -云母型)粘土矿物组成，并以不同长石和石英相为粘土外加剂。< 63 μm、< 2 μm的粘土颗粒和盐酸处理的样品的化学成分证实了二氧化硅含量高，Al2O3含量低，表明白粘土样品中蛭石和云母矿物的含量低于长石和石英掺合物。此外，粘土样品中含有相当数量的Fe2O3和MgO化学物质，这些化学物质在未经精炼和化学改性的情况下，不利于生产高质量的瓷器和白色器皿。目前的工作可能是探索其在各种工业部门的潜力的第一步，如尼泊尔的餐具、卫生洁具、砖瓦陶瓷、造纸和纸浆、石化、制药，包括环境污染控制剂。
{"title":"Genesis Exploration of White Clays Deposited in Thimi Area of Kathmandu Valley","authors":"M. Dhakal, N. Duwal, Narendra M. Adhikari, S. Joshi, J. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35338","url":null,"abstract":"The geological genesis of the Thimi-Sanothimi white clay deposits of Kathmandu Valley was explored employing mineralogical and chemical analyses in this research. For the study, two sample specimens of the clay having two types of particle size, i.e., about < 63 μm (bulk) and < 2 μm (fine), were separated with the help of standard sieve mesh which further modified using high-temperature heat, and 1 M HCl and 1 M KCl solution treatments. For the most part, both the clay fractions constituted of 2:1 type of vermiculite and mica (mainly of K-mica type) clay minerals with different feldspars and quartz phases as clay admixtures from the results of the mineralogical phase analysis. The chemical constituents of the clay particles with < 63 μm, < 2 μm, and the HCl-treated sample specimens confirmed the existence of a high quantity of SiO2 with comparatively low Al2O3 which indicates the presence of fewer amounts of the vermiculite and mica minerals comparatively with feldspars and quart admixtures in the analyzed white clay samples. Moreover, the clay sample contained a considerable quantity of Fe2O3 and MgO chemicals which are not favorable raw material constituents for good quality porcelains and white-wares products without refining and chemical-modifications. The present work could be the first step to explore its potentiality in various industrial sectors like table-ware, sanitary-ware, brick and tile ceramics, paper and pulp, petrochemical, pharmaceutical including environmental pollution controlling agents in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"4 1","pages":"80-88"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"87281605","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35328
Manish Bishwokarma, Arun Bhujel, M. Baskota, R. Pandit
Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles are polymorphic materials having a wide range of applications. It can be synthesized via green as well as chemical synthesis methods. In this work, ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the green method using Curcuma longa extract. Curcuma longa extract was prepared using the standard method. The synthesized ZrO2 was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for their structural and size analysis. The analysis of the XRD pattern of ZrO2 showed the tetragonal phase structure and the size was calculated using the Debye Scherrer equation which was about 35 nm. The FTIR spectra analysis showed a broad absorption peak particularly at about 774 cm-1 and about 499 cm-1 correspondings to Zr-O2-Zr asymmetric and Zr-O stretching modes, respectively. The characterized ZrO2 nanoparticles were used for the preparation of epoxy resin/ZrO2 nanocomposites. The compressive strength of pure epoxy resin and epoxy resin/ZrO2 nanocomposites were measured by a compressive strength tester and the result indicates the high amount of zirconia showed the less compressive strength in nanocomposites.
{"title":"Green Synthesis of Zirconia (ZrO2) Nanoparticles using Curcuma Longa Extract and Investigation of Compressive Strength of Epoxy resin (EP)/ZrO2 Nanocomposites","authors":"Manish Bishwokarma, Arun Bhujel, M. Baskota, R. Pandit","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35328","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35328","url":null,"abstract":"Zirconia (ZrO2) nanoparticles are polymorphic materials having a wide range of applications. It can be synthesized via green as well as chemical synthesis methods. In this work, ZrO2 nanoparticles were synthesized by the green method using Curcuma longa extract. Curcuma longa extract was prepared using the standard method. The synthesized ZrO2 was characterized by the X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy for their structural and size analysis. The analysis of the XRD pattern of ZrO2 showed the tetragonal phase structure and the size was calculated using the Debye Scherrer equation which was about 35 nm. The FTIR spectra analysis showed a broad absorption peak particularly at about 774 cm-1 and about 499 cm-1 correspondings to Zr-O2-Zr asymmetric and Zr-O stretching modes, respectively. The characterized ZrO2 nanoparticles were used for the preparation of epoxy resin/ZrO2 nanocomposites. The compressive strength of pure epoxy resin and epoxy resin/ZrO2 nanocomposites were measured by a compressive strength tester and the result indicates the high amount of zirconia showed the less compressive strength in nanocomposites.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"1 1","pages":"45-50"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77378695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35324
Sulakshya Bhandari, Sudarshana Shakya, B. Adhikari, M. Shrestha, Bindra Devi Shakya, Achut Ram Pradhananga, Prem Kumar Shrestha, R. Shakya, D. R. Pant, P. Shakya
The present study was carried out to assess the contamination of heavy metals in indoor household dust of Kathmandu, Nepal, and its adverse effect on the indoor environment and human health. The concentrations of four heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb) in a total of ninety-three (N = 93) indoor dust samples collected from four different types of land use zones viz., commercial, heavy traffic, residential, and control (undisturbed) of Kathmandu were determined by the flame atomic absorption spectrophotometer (FAAS). The mean concentrations of Cd, Cr, Ni, and Pb in indoor dust samples over the study zones were 0.89, 158.1, 113.3, and 65.3 mg/kg, respectively. The land use zones showed the various degree of metal contamination in indoor dust ranging from moderate to considerable level. PLI showed a high pollution load in the monitored locations, indicating an alarming condition and the urgent need for immediate remedial actions. Hazard quotient (HQ) values indicated ingestion as the major pathway of indoor dust heavy metal exposure to children while the inhalation pathway remained dominant in adults. Hazard index (HI) values showed no probable noncarcinogenic risk of the heavy metals present in the indoor dust of Kathmandu. For carcinogenic health risk, TLCR values were found within the acceptable safe limit indicating no cancer risk for both the receptor groups.
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Pub Date : 2021-03-01DOI: 10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35327
K. Dhakal, Girja Mani Aryal, H. S. Adhikari, R. Adhikari
We report facile methods of preparing nanosized hydrotalcite-like compounds, the layered double hydroxides (LDH), with ordinary chemistry laboratory settings to educate the young scientists from high schools to undergraduate university level fostering their research interest in preparing these nanomaterials of practical importance. Coprecipitation and urea hydrolysis methods have been recommended as facile routes of preparing the magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDH). The LDH thus prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The observed weakening of some FTIR peaks and XRD planes shifting concerning standard JCPDS 89-5434 data implied the slight structural variation of the compounds and the presence of some impurities. The average grain diameter of LDH particles was found in the range of 20 to 60 nm.
{"title":"Facile Synthesis of Nanosized Magnesium-Aluminium Layered Double Hydroxides","authors":"K. Dhakal, Girja Mani Aryal, H. S. Adhikari, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35327","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/JNCS.V42I1.35327","url":null,"abstract":"We report facile methods of preparing nanosized hydrotalcite-like compounds, the layered double hydroxides (LDH), with ordinary chemistry laboratory settings to educate the young scientists from high schools to undergraduate university level fostering their research interest in preparing these nanomaterials of practical importance. Coprecipitation and urea hydrolysis methods have been recommended as facile routes of preparing the magnesium-aluminum layered double hydroxides (Mg-Al LDH). The LDH thus prepared were characterized by Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopic and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques. The observed weakening of some FTIR peaks and XRD planes shifting concerning standard JCPDS 89-5434 data implied the slight structural variation of the compounds and the presence of some impurities. The average grain diameter of LDH particles was found in the range of 20 to 60 nm.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"26 1","pages":"39-44"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75190067","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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