Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53357
S. Shyaula, Teresa Shah, R. Rathnayaka, S. Samarakoon, Erendra Manandhar, J. Yue, M. Manandhar
Atranorin 1, Usnic acid 2, and D-Arabinitol 3 were isolated from Usnea aciculifera by extensive column chromatography. The structures were elucidated based on the comprehensive spectral analysis including FT IR, GC MS, ESI MS, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against LN-229 glioblastoma cancer cell line by performing Sulforhodamine B assay (SRB). Usnic acid 2 showed strong cytotoxic activity against LN-229 glioblastoma cancer cell with an IC50 value of 3.09 μg/mL.
{"title":"Cytotoxicity of Compounds Isolated from Usnea aciculifera","authors":"S. Shyaula, Teresa Shah, R. Rathnayaka, S. Samarakoon, Erendra Manandhar, J. Yue, M. Manandhar","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53357","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53357","url":null,"abstract":"Atranorin 1, Usnic acid 2, and D-Arabinitol 3 were isolated from Usnea aciculifera by extensive column chromatography. The structures were elucidated based on the comprehensive spectral analysis including FT IR, GC MS, ESI MS, 13C NMR, and 1H NMR. The compounds were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against LN-229 glioblastoma cancer cell line by performing Sulforhodamine B assay (SRB). Usnic acid 2 showed strong cytotoxic activity against LN-229 glioblastoma cancer cell with an IC50 value of 3.09 μg/mL.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"519 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"77179893","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53338
Sujata Adhikari, Krishna Subedi, Sabin Dhungana, Ram Lochan Arhyal, H. Paudyal, K. N. Ghimire, B. R. Poudel, M. R. Pokhrel
The removal of Cr(VI) from the water was studied using raw and modified banana peels and pseudostem wastes as bio-adsorbent under the batch adsorption technique at room temperature. The chemical modification of raw adsorbents was performed by treating them with concentrated sulphuric acid. Characterizations were performed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The raw form of adsorbents showed insignificant adsorption compared to the charred form. Therefore, the further process was carried out using modified adsorbents only. The maximum adsorption capacity for charred banana peel (CBP) and charred banana pseudostem (CBS)was found to be maximum at optimum equilibrium pH 2. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Therefore, owing to high efficiency and low cost with maximum removal percentage, thus prepared adsorbents are expected to be used satisfactorily in the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.
{"title":"Chemical Modification of Banana Peels and Banana Pseudostem for the Adsorptive Removal of Chromium (VI) from Aqueous Solution","authors":"Sujata Adhikari, Krishna Subedi, Sabin Dhungana, Ram Lochan Arhyal, H. Paudyal, K. N. Ghimire, B. R. Poudel, M. R. Pokhrel","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53338","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53338","url":null,"abstract":"The removal of Cr(VI) from the water was studied using raw and modified banana peels and pseudostem wastes as bio-adsorbent under the batch adsorption technique at room temperature. The chemical modification of raw adsorbents was performed by treating them with concentrated sulphuric acid. Characterizations were performed by FTIR, XRD, and SEM analyses. The raw form of adsorbents showed insignificant adsorption compared to the charred form. Therefore, the further process was carried out using modified adsorbents only. The maximum adsorption capacity for charred banana peel (CBP) and charred banana pseudostem (CBS)was found to be maximum at optimum equilibrium pH 2. The adsorption data fitted well with the Langmuir adsorption model and followed pseudo-second-order kinetics. Therefore, owing to high efficiency and low cost with maximum removal percentage, thus prepared adsorbents are expected to be used satisfactorily in the adsorption of Cr(VI) from aqueous solutions.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"24 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"83263449","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53337
Jhashanath Adhikari, R. Adhikari
Computational chemistry is a field of current active research in science that can supplement and complement the regular experimental methods and validate or propose new theoretical formulations. It has contributed from basic to advanced levels of investigation in a synergistic manner. The mathematical experiments can be pursued with minimal resources and are sustainable making it a good approach for institutions with limited resources. The freely available computer programs that are suitable for solving various types of problems in chemistry and interdisciplinary areas are briefly mentioned. The general features and specificity of some selected codes that are adaptable for undergraduate and graduate-level courses and research in Nepal are highlighted. A recommendation is made for the incorporation of adequate theoretical courses and parallel laboratory sessions in the existing syllabus for obtaining a trained and skilled workforce qualified for national and global careers in computational chemistry and also for research and development in Nepal.
{"title":"Free and Open Source Codes for Computational Chemistry Research Initiation: A Conspectus","authors":"Jhashanath Adhikari, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53337","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53337","url":null,"abstract":"Computational chemistry is a field of current active research in science that can supplement and complement the regular experimental methods and validate or propose new theoretical formulations. It has contributed from basic to advanced levels of investigation in a synergistic manner. The mathematical experiments can be pursued with minimal resources and are sustainable making it a good approach for institutions with limited resources. The freely available computer programs that are suitable for solving various types of problems in chemistry and interdisciplinary areas are briefly mentioned. The general features and specificity of some selected codes that are adaptable for undergraduate and graduate-level courses and research in Nepal are highlighted. A recommendation is made for the incorporation of adequate theoretical courses and parallel laboratory sessions in the existing syllabus for obtaining a trained and skilled workforce qualified for national and global careers in computational chemistry and also for research and development in Nepal.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"15 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"89489985","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53356
R. K. Dev, Yuv Raj Sahu, N. Chaudhary, A. Bhattarai
The two new novel heteroleptic complexes of the type [M(II)L1.L2] (M= Zr(II) & Pd(II), L1= oxytetracycline (Otc), and L2=salicylaldehyde (Sal)) have been synthesized and analyzed by physical measurements such as CHN, pH, and conductivity. The conductivity data revealed the electrolytic nature of Pd(II)Otc/Sal and the non-electrolytic nature of the Zr(II)Otc/Sal metal complex of mixed ligand. The structural characterizations of the metal complex were approved by spectroscopic analysis methods, such as IR, 1H & 13C-NMR, UV/ Visible, and ESI-MS studies. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) determines the thermal and kinetic stabilities of the metal complexes using a popular Coats-Redfern equation through which the activation parameters can be calculated easily. SEM can determine the surface morphology of metal complexes. The selected bond lengths, bond angles, final optimized energy, and geometry of complexes were obtained by running an optimization task in the 3D molecular modeling software program via Chem 3D Pro. 12.0.2. The final geometrical energy was found to be 921.7712 for Zr(II)Otc/Sal and 914.6006 Kcal/mol for Pd(II)Otc/Sal complexes. Based on the above study, Zr(II)Otc/Sal complex has tetrahedral geometry and the Pd(II)Otc/Sal complex has square planar geometry. The complexes were tested in vitro for antibacterial susceptibility study against various strains of clinical pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). For the antibacterial study, the Kirby-Bauer paper disc diffusion technique is applied by using 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/μL concentrations of the metal complex. Good antibacterial sensitivity was found against all tested pathogens in all synthesized complexes.
{"title":"Preparation, spectroscopic analysis, and biological assessment of heteroleptic Zr(II) and Pd(II) complexes from Otc/Sal mixed ligands","authors":"R. K. Dev, Yuv Raj Sahu, N. Chaudhary, A. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53356","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53356","url":null,"abstract":"The two new novel heteroleptic complexes of the type [M(II)L1.L2] (M= Zr(II) & Pd(II), L1= oxytetracycline (Otc), and L2=salicylaldehyde (Sal)) have been synthesized and analyzed by physical measurements such as CHN, pH, and conductivity. The conductivity data revealed the electrolytic nature of Pd(II)Otc/Sal and the non-electrolytic nature of the Zr(II)Otc/Sal metal complex of mixed ligand. The structural characterizations of the metal complex were approved by spectroscopic analysis methods, such as IR, 1H & 13C-NMR, UV/ Visible, and ESI-MS studies. Thermal analysis (TGA/DTA) determines the thermal and kinetic stabilities of the metal complexes using a popular Coats-Redfern equation through which the activation parameters can be calculated easily. SEM can determine the surface morphology of metal complexes. The selected bond lengths, bond angles, final optimized energy, and geometry of complexes were obtained by running an optimization task in the 3D molecular modeling software program via Chem 3D Pro. 12.0.2. The final geometrical energy was found to be 921.7712 for Zr(II)Otc/Sal and 914.6006 Kcal/mol for Pd(II)Otc/Sal complexes. Based on the above study, Zr(II)Otc/Sal complex has tetrahedral geometry and the Pd(II)Otc/Sal complex has square planar geometry. The complexes were tested in vitro for antibacterial susceptibility study against various strains of clinical pathogenic bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus (Gram-positive), Proteus mirabilis, and Escherichia coli (Gram-negative). For the antibacterial study, the Kirby-Bauer paper disc diffusion technique is applied by using 50, 25, and 12.5 μg/μL concentrations of the metal complex. Good antibacterial sensitivity was found against all tested pathogens in all synthesized complexes.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"77 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"74193219","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53359
Ganesh Prasad Kumai, M. Baskota, P. Aryal, Bimala Subba
Rhizomes of Neopicrorhiza scrophularii flora and roots of Rheum australe were collected from the alpine regions of the Jumla district of Nepal. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of these plants revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, and tannins. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts of N. scrophulariiflora were estimated to be 141.27±1.414 mg GAE/gm and 43.48±5.476 QE/gm respectively and that in the extracts of R. austral were estimated to be 101.54±4.061 mg GAE/gm and 24.97±2.857 mg QE/gm respectively. A brine shrimp lethality test was performed with the extracts of N. scrophulariiflora and R. austral against brine shrimp nauplii and results revealed high toxicity of the extracts towards nauplii with LC50 values 173.78μg/mL and 257.03μg/mL respectively. N. scrophulariiflora showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 57.49 μg/mL in comparison to R. austral whose IC50 was determined to be 68.91μg/mL, ascorbic acid taken as standard with IC50 value 49.05μg/ml. In α-amylase inhibition assay, N. scrophulariiflora extract exhibited strong activity with IC50 value 140.67μg/mL while that of R. austral extract showed mild activity with IC50 value 192.88μg/mL. All the biological studies revealed that N. scrophulariiflora extract is more active than that R. austral extract. Column chromatography of the extract of N. scrophulariiflora was performed and 50 % methanolic fraction was further subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS analysis showed various compounds and among them, 13 major compounds were identified.
{"title":"Study of Phytochemical Constituent and Biological Activities of Methanolic Extract of Rhizomes of Neopicrorhiza scrophulariiflora and Roots of Rheum australe collected from the Alpine Region of Nepal","authors":"Ganesh Prasad Kumai, M. Baskota, P. Aryal, Bimala Subba","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53359","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53359","url":null,"abstract":"Rhizomes of Neopicrorhiza scrophularii flora and roots of Rheum australe were collected from the alpine regions of the Jumla district of Nepal. The phytochemical analysis of the methanolic extract of these plants revealed the presence of polyphenols, flavonoids, quinones, saponins, and tannins. The total phenolic and flavonoid content in the extracts of N. scrophulariiflora were estimated to be 141.27±1.414 mg GAE/gm and 43.48±5.476 QE/gm respectively and that in the extracts of R. austral were estimated to be 101.54±4.061 mg GAE/gm and 24.97±2.857 mg QE/gm respectively. A brine shrimp lethality test was performed with the extracts of N. scrophulariiflora and R. austral against brine shrimp nauplii and results revealed high toxicity of the extracts towards nauplii with LC50 values 173.78μg/mL and 257.03μg/mL respectively. N. scrophulariiflora showed the strongest DPPH radical scavenging activity with IC50 value of 57.49 μg/mL in comparison to R. austral whose IC50 was determined to be 68.91μg/mL, ascorbic acid taken as standard with IC50 value 49.05μg/ml. In α-amylase inhibition assay, N. scrophulariiflora extract exhibited strong activity with IC50 value 140.67μg/mL while that of R. austral extract showed mild activity with IC50 value 192.88μg/mL. All the biological studies revealed that N. scrophulariiflora extract is more active than that R. austral extract. Column chromatography of the extract of N. scrophulariiflora was performed and 50 % methanolic fraction was further subjected to FTIR and GC-MS analysis. The GC-MS analysis showed various compounds and among them, 13 major compounds were identified.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80139502","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53814
Yuv Raj Sahu, R. K. Dev, N. Chaudhary, A. Bhattarai
Diperiodatocuprate [DPC (III)] was selected to predict the kinetic studies for carbenicillin (CRBC) oxidation in the basic media. The investigation was completed in the presence of CoCl3 as a catalyst by using a UV/Visible spectrophotometer at 298K temperature and 0.01 mol-dm-3 ionic strength confirming a 1:4 stoichiometry between CRBC and DPC (III). Both spectral and elemental analysis was used to identify the final products. Monoperiodatocuperate [MPC (III)] was found to be the primary active species of DPC (III). Pseudo-first order reaction was declared for DPC (III), while fractional order reactions were noticed in the case of CRBC (substrate), Co (III) catalyst as well as KOH (alkali). However, the reaction was determined to be in negative fractional order for periodate. Spectral evidence, determination of various rate constants, and both activation, as well as thermodynamic parameters, were used to predict plausible mechanisms.
{"title":"Kinetics of Catalytic Oxidation of Carbenicillin: A Degradation Approach for Penicillanic Acid Derivatives (PADs)","authors":"Yuv Raj Sahu, R. K. Dev, N. Chaudhary, A. Bhattarai","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53814","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53814","url":null,"abstract":"Diperiodatocuprate [DPC (III)] was selected to predict the kinetic studies for carbenicillin (CRBC) oxidation in the basic media. The investigation was completed in the presence of CoCl3 as a catalyst by using a UV/Visible spectrophotometer at 298K temperature and 0.01 mol-dm-3 ionic strength confirming a 1:4 stoichiometry between CRBC and DPC (III). Both spectral and elemental analysis was used to identify the final products. Monoperiodatocuperate [MPC (III)] was found to be the primary active species of DPC (III). Pseudo-first order reaction was declared for DPC (III), while fractional order reactions were noticed in the case of CRBC (substrate), Co (III) catalyst as well as KOH (alkali). However, the reaction was determined to be in negative fractional order for periodate. Spectral evidence, determination of various rate constants, and both activation, as well as thermodynamic parameters, were used to predict plausible mechanisms.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"62 4 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"80199555","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53336
Subhav Adhikari, K. Parajuli, Guna B. Karki, Shankar P. Khatiwada, R. Adhikari
Cadmium sulfidenanoparticles (CdSNPs) were prepared through the chemical precipitation process where sweet potato starch and glucose-functioned as capping agents. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied for the analysis of prepared CdSNPs. The absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectroscopy towards the lower wavelength region compared to the bulk CdS (512 nm) indicated the formation of CdS particles in the nanometer scale range. FTIR spectroscopy showed the characteristic absorption peaks of the CdSNPs along with the functional groups present in starch and glucose, suggesting the possible interaction between CdSNPs and capping agents. The XRD revealed crystallographic information such as the average crystallite size and shape of CdSNPs. Using the Scherrer equation, the average crystallite size of CdSNPs was determined to be 11.48 nm and 16.03 nm for starch-capped and glucose-capped CdSNPs (CdS-St andCdS-Gl)respectively. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the prepared CdSNPs were found to be highly efficient for various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Hence in the present study, the new synthetic route of CdSNPs was applied, and antimicrobial activities were performed
{"title":"Structural, Optical and Antimicrobial Properties of Carbohydrate-Capped Cadmium Sulfide Nanoparticles","authors":"Subhav Adhikari, K. Parajuli, Guna B. Karki, Shankar P. Khatiwada, R. Adhikari","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53336","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53336","url":null,"abstract":"Cadmium sulfidenanoparticles (CdSNPs) were prepared through the chemical precipitation process where sweet potato starch and glucose-functioned as capping agents. Ultraviolet-Visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction (XRD) techniques were applied for the analysis of prepared CdSNPs. The absorption peaks in the UV-Vis spectroscopy towards the lower wavelength region compared to the bulk CdS (512 nm) indicated the formation of CdS particles in the nanometer scale range. FTIR spectroscopy showed the characteristic absorption peaks of the CdSNPs along with the functional groups present in starch and glucose, suggesting the possible interaction between CdSNPs and capping agents. The XRD revealed crystallographic information such as the average crystallite size and shape of CdSNPs. Using the Scherrer equation, the average crystallite size of CdSNPs was determined to be 11.48 nm and 16.03 nm for starch-capped and glucose-capped CdSNPs (CdS-St andCdS-Gl)respectively. Antibacterial and antifungal activities of the prepared CdSNPs were found to be highly efficient for various pathogenic bacteria and fungi. Hence in the present study, the new synthetic route of CdSNPs was applied, and antimicrobial activities were performed","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"45 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"76796471","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53813
Aaradhana Pokharel, Arjun Thapa, H. Karki, R. Yadav, Samjhana Bharati, Timila Shrestha, P. L. Homagai, Binita Maharjan, R. L. Shrestha
The powdered plant materials of Acorus calamus were subjected to successive extraction using the cold percolation method with methanol, hexane, and chloroform solvent. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, sterols, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. Five different major compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of the chloroform extract, with isoprothiolane (83.11%) being the most prevalent. The total phenolic content in the chloroform extract was calculated at 17.39 mg Gallic acid equivalent /g and the total flavonoid content was 3.37 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The IC50 value of chloroform extract was found to be 576.19 μg/mL, and the LC50 value was found to be 66.21 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was shown in Staphylococcus aureus in chloroform extract with a ZOI of 7 mm.
{"title":"Chemical and biological analysis of extracts of Acorus calamus L.","authors":"Aaradhana Pokharel, Arjun Thapa, H. Karki, R. Yadav, Samjhana Bharati, Timila Shrestha, P. L. Homagai, Binita Maharjan, R. L. Shrestha","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53813","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53813","url":null,"abstract":"The powdered plant materials of Acorus calamus were subjected to successive extraction using the cold percolation method with methanol, hexane, and chloroform solvent. Qualitative phytochemical analysis of methanol, hexane, and chloroform extracts showed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, glycosides, sterols, triterpenoids, and carbohydrates. Five different major compounds were identified by GC-MS analysis of the chloroform extract, with isoprothiolane (83.11%) being the most prevalent. The total phenolic content in the chloroform extract was calculated at 17.39 mg Gallic acid equivalent /g and the total flavonoid content was 3.37 mg quercetin equivalent/g of dry extract. The IC50 value of chloroform extract was found to be 576.19 μg/mL, and the LC50 value was found to be 66.21 μg/mL. Antibacterial activity was shown in Staphylococcus aureus in chloroform extract with a ZOI of 7 mm.","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"22 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"75370527","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53339
Prateek Aryal, B. Shakya
The development of a potent new drug with high biological activity is a challenge in drug design and is of strategic importance. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens on the available drugs, there is always a demand for designing a potent drug with high biological activity. The pharmacological effects have been observed in compounds containing different moieties of pharmaceutical importance such as triazole, Schiff’s base, benzimidazole.Triazole thione, Schiff’s bases, and two new compounds containing three pharmacophores viz. triazole, benzimidazole, and Schiff base incorporated in a single compound were prepared by applying different synthetic reactions. Different spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, were used to confirm the structure of the prepared compounds. All compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228). Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging test and among the tested five compounds, the IC50 value of 4-amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione was found to be 32.364 μg.mL-1 which is closer to the ascorbic acid that was found to be 28.546 μgmL-1. All tested compounds were toxic against brine shrimp where 2-(5-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-4-((4-chlorobenzylidene) amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) was comparatively more toxic (LC50= 26.827 μgmL-1).
{"title":"Synthesis, Cytotoxicity, Antibacterial and Antioxidant Activity of New 2-Substituted Benzimidazole Containing 1,2,4-Triazoles","authors":"Prateek Aryal, B. Shakya","doi":"10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53339","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53339","url":null,"abstract":"The development of a potent new drug with high biological activity is a challenge in drug design and is of strategic importance. Due to the increasing resistance of pathogens on the available drugs, there is always a demand for designing a potent drug with high biological activity. The pharmacological effects have been observed in compounds containing different moieties of pharmaceutical importance such as triazole, Schiff’s base, benzimidazole.Triazole thione, Schiff’s bases, and two new compounds containing three pharmacophores viz. triazole, benzimidazole, and Schiff base incorporated in a single compound were prepared by applying different synthetic reactions. Different spectroscopic methods, including FT-IR, UV-vis, 1H-NMR, and 13C-NMR, were used to confirm the structure of the prepared compounds. All compounds exhibited moderate antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 6538P) and Staphylococcus epidermidis (ATCC 1228). Antioxidant activity was carried out by DPPH radical scavenging test and among the tested five compounds, the IC50 value of 4-amino-3-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-1H-1,2,4-triazole-5(4H)-thione was found to be 32.364 μg.mL-1 which is closer to the ascorbic acid that was found to be 28.546 μgmL-1. All tested compounds were toxic against brine shrimp where 2-(5-((1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)thio)-4-((4-chlorobenzylidene) amino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl) was comparatively more toxic (LC50= 26.827 μgmL-1).","PeriodicalId":16483,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Nepal Chemical Society","volume":"16 1","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-04-25","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"81714962","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Pub Date : 2023-04-25DOI: 10.3126/jncs.v43i2.53354
Shristi Neupane, R. Pant, L. Thapa, D. Shah, Birendra Gautam, Barsha Adhikari, Barsha Khanal, Anueva Acharya, K. Bishwakarma, S. Adhikari
Nepal abounds a vast array of freshwater bodies, from sub-tropical lowlands to glacier-fed highlands with varying water quality. This study evaluated the spatial variations in water quality at the Koshi Tappu Wetland, the first Ramsar site of Nepal, located in the eastern Tarai region within the Koshi Tappu Wildlife Reserve. Nineteen water quality parameters were chosen and analyzed from twenty-one different sampling points within the wetland. Parameters including pH, EC, TDS, turbidity, and DO were analyzed on-site, whereas HCO3-, Cl-, NH4+, NO3-, SO42- PO43-, K+, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, CaH, MgH, Na+, and Fe3+ were analyzed in the laboratory. Multivariate methods such as hierarchical agglomerative cluster analysis (CA) and principal component analysis (PCA), and geochemical indices such as piper and mixing diagrams were applied to assess the spatial variation in water quality. Findings indicated Ca2+ as the principal cation and HCO3- as the principal anion regulating the hydrochemistry of the wetland. Based on CA, three spatial clusters were observed, which depicted variations in chemical composition with the PCA results highlighting the primary contamination sources and controlling factors of the sampling locations with 84.13% of the total variance. Findings from the PCA and ionic relationship analyses elucidated that the hydrochemistry of the Koshi Tappu wetland is mainly controlled by carbonate weathering processes with a minor contribution of silicate weathering and anthropogenic activities.
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