Objective: Our study aimed to assess the perception of medical students about their knowledge of biostatistics and epidemiology before and after applying participatory teaching methods for teaching these topics. Materials and methods: It was a correlational study conducted at Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar, with a sample size of two hundred and ten. Using a simple random sampling technique, the students of fourth year M.B.B.S were taught the course Epidemiology and Biostatistics. The methodologies included a participatory teaching method, using a two-step approach. The first step aimed to make the students understand the basic concepts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, with hands-on activity on how to use different websites to interpret the information. The second step involved database analysis with the production of a scientific report. In the end, a nine-item pre-validated questionnaire was used to check the difference of perception among the students, before and after the activities. Results: A significant improvement in student’s perception of their knowledge related to the taught subjects was found in certain areas which included the importance, usefulness, and basic concepts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. The remaining items of the questionnaire didn’t show any significant difference. Conclusion: Participatory teaching had a strong impact on students’ perception of understanding Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Keywords: participatory teaching methods, biostatistics, Epidemiology
{"title":"PERCEPTION OF MEDICAL STUDENTS OF THEIR KNOWLEDGE ABOUT BIOSTATISTICS AND EPIDEMIOLOGY AND THE IMPACT OF PARTICIPATORY TEACHING METHODS","authors":"Ambreen Afridi, Syeda Saima Qamar Naqvi, Afsheen Mahmood","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.9","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Our study aimed to assess the perception of medical students about their knowledge of biostatistics and epidemiology before and after applying participatory teaching methods for teaching these topics. Materials and methods: It was a correlational study conducted at Khyber Girls Medical College Peshawar, with a sample size of two hundred and ten. Using a simple random sampling technique, the students of fourth year M.B.B.S were taught the course Epidemiology and Biostatistics. The methodologies included a participatory teaching method, using a two-step approach. The first step aimed to make the students understand the basic concepts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, with hands-on activity on how to use different websites to interpret the information. The second step involved database analysis with the production of a scientific report. In the end, a nine-item pre-validated questionnaire was used to check the difference of perception among the students, before and after the activities. Results: A significant improvement in student’s perception of their knowledge related to the taught subjects was found in certain areas which included the importance, usefulness, and basic concepts of Epidemiology and Biostatistics. The remaining items of the questionnaire didn’t show any significant difference. Conclusion: Participatory teaching had a strong impact on students’ perception of understanding Epidemiology and Biostatistics. Keywords: participatory teaching methods, biostatistics, Epidemiology","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"16 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620551","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To assess the safety of Misoprostol in mid-trimester miscarriages in patients with previous scars. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. Two-hundred patients with second-trimester miscarriages were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, 100 patients with no previous scar as the control group and another 100 patients with a previous scar as the study group. Patients having an incomplete abortion, gestational trophoblastic disease, and more than one scar were excluded from the study. Misoprostol doses were kept vaginally in both groups. The doses were kept according to the gestational period of 13 to 24 weeks following the local protocol which was comparable with the FIGO protocol. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24. Results: The Demographic features of patients of the two groups, were comparable for maternal Age (26±5.3 Years versus 25±4.9 years), Gestational Age in weeks of (18±1.3 weeks versus117±1.6 weeks) Gravidity (4.5±1.6 versus 4.9±1.2) and of Parity (3.4 ±1.4 versus 3.6 ±1.1) which showed no significant difference with respect to age, parity and gestational age. The period needed for successful TOP was 18 hours in the control group whereas it was 36 hours in the scarred uterus with half doses. Successful termination was observed in 61% of the study group with the scared uterus and 72% in the control group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that misoprostol is safe and effective in the termination of second-trimester miscarriages with a scarred uterus. Keywords: Misoprostol, Miscarriage, Previous Uterine Scar
{"title":"SAFETY OF MISOPROSTOL IN SECOND TRIMESTER MISCARRIAGES IN PATIENTS WITH PREVIOUS UTERINE SCARS","authors":"Samina Aliya Sabir, None Shahida Sultan","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To assess the safety of Misoprostol in mid-trimester miscarriages in patients with previous scars. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional comparative study conducted in the Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Lady Reading Hospital, from January 2021 to December 2021. Two-hundred patients with second-trimester miscarriages were included in the study. They were divided into two groups, 100 patients with no previous scar as the control group and another 100 patients with a previous scar as the study group. Patients having an incomplete abortion, gestational trophoblastic disease, and more than one scar were excluded from the study. Misoprostol doses were kept vaginally in both groups. The doses were kept according to the gestational period of 13 to 24 weeks following the local protocol which was comparable with the FIGO protocol. Data analysis was done using SPSS-24. Results: The Demographic features of patients of the two groups, were comparable for maternal Age (26±5.3 Years versus 25±4.9 years), Gestational Age in weeks of (18±1.3 weeks versus117±1.6 weeks) Gravidity (4.5±1.6 versus 4.9±1.2) and of Parity (3.4 ±1.4 versus 3.6 ±1.1) which showed no significant difference with respect to age, parity and gestational age. The period needed for successful TOP was 18 hours in the control group whereas it was 36 hours in the scarred uterus with half doses. Successful termination was observed in 61% of the study group with the scared uterus and 72% in the control group. Conclusion: Our study concluded that misoprostol is safe and effective in the termination of second-trimester miscarriages with a scarred uterus. Keywords: Misoprostol, Miscarriage, Previous Uterine Scar","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"7 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620693","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Muhammad Tabish Ikram, Hashim Uddin Azam, Kamal Uddin Azam, Amina Arif, Asad Rahman, Bakht Danyal Khan, Adam khan Rahim
Objectives: To find the frequency of Acute Medical complications and their determinants in stroke patients admitted to a hospital in Peshawar. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study in the Department of Medicine and Neurology at Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1/10/2022 till 31/12/2022, a total of 180 patients who presented with Cerebrovascular events based on CT/MRI were included. Patients’ data were collected through questionnaires, NIHSS and GCS scores were calculated at the presentation and patients were followed in the hospital to detect complications. Comparisons with p-values were then determined using SPSS. Results: The overall rate of stroke complications in 180 patients documented was 90%, the common being Aspiration Pneumonia (48.89%), Urinary Tract infections (30%), Bedsores (28.33%), Pyrexia illness (22.22%) and Seizures (12.78%). NIHSS scores had a direct relationship, with patients scoring >12 having a complications rate of 93% in contrast to 76.5% in patients with scores of ?3 (p-value 0.032). GCS at presentation had similar predictive value with scores of 15/15 having 73% and ?8 having a 91% complication rate. Duration of hospitalization (p-value 0.014) had a key impact as patients admitted for a month had higher percentages of complications primarily UTI (52.4%), Bedsores (71%), and Constipation (33.3%). Treatments like Dexamethasone (p-value 0.003) and antiplatelets (p-value 0.010) were found to increase the rate of complications. Conclusion: In-hospital post-stroke complications are common having a direct link with stroke severity, hospitalization duration, and treatment given. An active approach is needed to identify and treat any complications early, thereby, improving outcomes and decreasing morbidity. Keywords: Stroke, Complications, in-hospital management
{"title":"THE PRESENTATION OF MEDICAL COMPLICATIONS IN THE ACUTE IN-HOSPITAL MANAGEMENT OF STROKE PATIENTS AND THEIR DETERMINANTS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Muhammad Tabish Ikram, Hashim Uddin Azam, Kamal Uddin Azam, Amina Arif, Asad Rahman, Bakht Danyal Khan, Adam khan Rahim","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.18","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.18","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To find the frequency of Acute Medical complications and their determinants in stroke patients admitted to a hospital in Peshawar. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study in the Department of Medicine and Neurology at Hayat Abad Medical Complex, Peshawar, Pakistan from 1/10/2022 till 31/12/2022, a total of 180 patients who presented with Cerebrovascular events based on CT/MRI were included. Patients’ data were collected through questionnaires, NIHSS and GCS scores were calculated at the presentation and patients were followed in the hospital to detect complications. Comparisons with p-values were then determined using SPSS. Results: The overall rate of stroke complications in 180 patients documented was 90%, the common being Aspiration Pneumonia (48.89%), Urinary Tract infections (30%), Bedsores (28.33%), Pyrexia illness (22.22%) and Seizures (12.78%). NIHSS scores had a direct relationship, with patients scoring >12 having a complications rate of 93% in contrast to 76.5% in patients with scores of ?3 (p-value 0.032). GCS at presentation had similar predictive value with scores of 15/15 having 73% and ?8 having a 91% complication rate. Duration of hospitalization (p-value 0.014) had a key impact as patients admitted for a month had higher percentages of complications primarily UTI (52.4%), Bedsores (71%), and Constipation (33.3%). Treatments like Dexamethasone (p-value 0.003) and antiplatelets (p-value 0.010) were found to increase the rate of complications. Conclusion: In-hospital post-stroke complications are common having a direct link with stroke severity, hospitalization duration, and treatment given. An active approach is needed to identify and treat any complications early, thereby, improving outcomes and decreasing morbidity. Keywords: Stroke, Complications, in-hospital management","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620694","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of passive and active cigarette smokers on blood pressure and heart rate.
METHODS: It was a cross sectional study based in Physiology department of Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. It was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022. Using non probability convenient sampling, MBBS students and college employees were divided into three groups. Each group had a sample size of 50. Group 1 comprised of passive smokers, group 2 consisted of active smokers and group 3 of nonsmokers. Heart rate and blood pressure, including Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure and Pulse Pressure, were measured. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
RESULTS: In Group-1, all smokers were males. In Group-2 (nonsmokers), 42 were males (32.6%) and 8 (34.8%) were females and in Group-3 (passive smokers), 37 were males (28.7%) and 15 were females (65.2%). Using Anova test, the difference in the mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the three groups was found to be highly significant (0.001), while that of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) non-significant (0.291). The mean values of Heart Rate (HR) among the three groups was also significant (0.049).
CONCLUSION:Smoking effects blood pressure and heart rate, as the systolic blood pressure and heart rate of smokers in our study was raised.
KEY WORDS: Hypertension, smokers, powerlab,
{"title":"COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE AND HEART RATE AMONG ACTIVE AND PASSIVE CIGARETTE SMOKERS","authors":"Ayesha Qaiser, Fazlina Shaid, Henna Salman, Naila Hamid, Jibran Umar Ayub","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.2","url":null,"abstract":"
 OBJECTIVE:To compare the effects of passive and active cigarette smokers on blood pressure and heart rate.
 METHODS: It was a cross sectional study based in Physiology department of Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. It was conducted from January 2022 to June 2022. Using non probability convenient sampling, MBBS students and college employees were divided into three groups. Each group had a sample size of 50. Group 1 comprised of passive smokers, group 2 consisted of active smokers and group 3 of nonsmokers. Heart rate and blood pressure, including Systolic Blood Pressure, Diastolic Blood Pressure, Mean Arterial Pressure and Pulse Pressure, were measured. Data was analysed using SPSS 26.
 RESULTS: In Group-1, all smokers were males. In Group-2 (nonsmokers), 42 were males (32.6%) and 8 (34.8%) were females and in Group-3 (passive smokers), 37 were males (28.7%) and 15 were females (65.2%). Using Anova test, the difference in the mean values of systolic blood pressure (SBP) among the three groups was found to be highly significant (0.001), while that of diastolic blood pressure (DBP) non-significant (0.291). The mean values of Heart Rate (HR) among the three groups was also significant (0.049).
 CONCLUSION:Smoking effects blood pressure and heart rate, as the systolic blood pressure and heart rate of smokers in our study was raised.
 KEY WORDS: Hypertension, smokers, powerlab,","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"382 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620695","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Imran Syed Bukhari, Andy Yew, Hee Nee Pang, Shi-Lu Chia, Seng Jin Yeo, Ngai Nung Lo
Objective: Biomechanical studies have shown that flexion contracture leads to higher patellofemoral compressive forces with potentially poorer outcomes. We studied the outcome of primary knee arthroplasty with or without patella resurfacing in patients presenting with postoperative flexion contracture to determine if patella resurfacing improves the outcome. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the registry data at the Singapore General Hospital from 1998-2014. Of 18074 primary knee replacements carried out, 665 knees were identified with postoperative flexion contracture greater than 10 degrees at 2 years follow-ups, out of which 562 knees were included in the study. One hundred and three patients were lost to follow-ups. All the infected cases were excluded from the study. Knees with patella resurfaced (227) were compared with knees with patella non-resurfaced (335) using Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Clinical Scoring System, and SF-36. A handheld goniometer was used for measurements by an independent assessor and a physiotherapist. Analysis of factors for prognostic importance was performed using the R statistics. Results: At two years follow-ups, the non-resurfaced patella group had significantly higher median knee flexion compared to the resurfaced group. Age, male gender, preoperative flexion, and patella resurfacing were found to be significant predictors for knee flexion at two years. Outcome scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: No significant difference in outcome scores was observed in resurfaced versus non-resurfaced patella groups in patients with more than 10 degrees’ postoperative flexion contracture after primary knee arthroplasty. Keywords: Patella Resurfacing, Flexion contracture
{"title":"PATELLA RESURFACING DOES NOT IMPROVE OUTCOMES IN PATIENTS WITH POSTOPERATIVE FLEXION CONTRACTURE AFTER PRIMARY TOTAL KNEE ARTHROPLASTY","authors":"Imran Syed Bukhari, Andy Yew, Hee Nee Pang, Shi-Lu Chia, Seng Jin Yeo, Ngai Nung Lo","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Biomechanical studies have shown that flexion contracture leads to higher patellofemoral compressive forces with potentially poorer outcomes. We studied the outcome of primary knee arthroplasty with or without patella resurfacing in patients presenting with postoperative flexion contracture to determine if patella resurfacing improves the outcome. Materials and Methods: We retrospectively reviewed the registry data at the Singapore General Hospital from 1998-2014. Of 18074 primary knee replacements carried out, 665 knees were identified with postoperative flexion contracture greater than 10 degrees at 2 years follow-ups, out of which 562 knees were included in the study. One hundred and three patients were lost to follow-ups. All the infected cases were excluded from the study. Knees with patella resurfaced (227) were compared with knees with patella non-resurfaced (335) using Oxford Knee Score, Knee Society Clinical Scoring System, and SF-36. A handheld goniometer was used for measurements by an independent assessor and a physiotherapist. Analysis of factors for prognostic importance was performed using the R statistics. Results: At two years follow-ups, the non-resurfaced patella group had significantly higher median knee flexion compared to the resurfaced group. Age, male gender, preoperative flexion, and patella resurfacing were found to be significant predictors for knee flexion at two years. Outcome scores did not differ significantly between the two groups. Conclusion: No significant difference in outcome scores was observed in resurfaced versus non-resurfaced patella groups in patients with more than 10 degrees’ postoperative flexion contracture after primary knee arthroplasty. Keywords: Patella Resurfacing, Flexion contracture","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"101 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620553","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective Reproductive coercion is a constellation of behaviors obstructing a woman’s autonomy in reproductive decision-making. This contributes to unwanted reproductive health outcomes in terms of physical and mental morbidity and mortality. The objective was to quantitatively explore its contribution to reproductive health outcomes in women seeking health care for other reasons. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study where the data was collected on the Reproductive Coercion Scale (by Miller) from 424 patients. The independent variables were; worried about pregnancy, pregnancy testing, induced abortion, and unwanted pregnancy/birth and the dependent variable was the scale score of each item. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact test at Statistical significance of p ? 0.05. Results The mean age of women was 30.13 (SD=6.51) years. Half of the women 212 (50%) were between 20 to 30 years. The majority were housewives 403(95%), living in joint family systems 314 (74.1%), and uneducated 260 (61.3%). There was a significant difference between unwanted/being worried about not pregnant and threats to leave the wife if she did not get pregnant (p=0.03), compelled wife for unprotected sex (p=0.02), and deliberately removed condoms (p=0.02). A significant difference was reported with induced abortions; as the wife was advised against the use of contraceptives (p=0.01), compelled for pregnancy (p=0.03), deliberately barred use of condoms (p=0.03), deliberately removed condom during sex (P=0.05) and damaging condom on purpose (p=0.001). Significant responses were reported for unwanted pregnancy/birth against the items; leaving the wife for not getting pregnant (p=0.001), intentionally barred access to contraceptives (p=0.02), and deliberately damaged condoms (p=0.02). Conclusion Reproductive coercion is overtly denied but covertly reflected in the health-seeking behaviors of women with a significant impact on reproductive health outcomes. Key Words Induced abortion, Reproductive Coercion, Unwanted Pregnancy
{"title":"REPRODUCTIVE COERCION AND ITS EFFECTS ON WOMEN’S REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH OUTCOMES- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Mahjabina S Ghayur, Jazza Jamil, Haleema Sadia, Mashal Jamil, Humera Adeeb, Shahnaz Nadir, Bushra Iftikhar","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.1","url":null,"abstract":"Objective Reproductive coercion is a constellation of behaviors obstructing a woman’s autonomy in reproductive decision-making. This contributes to unwanted reproductive health outcomes in terms of physical and mental morbidity and mortality. The objective was to quantitatively explore its contribution to reproductive health outcomes in women seeking health care for other reasons. Materials and Methods This was a cross-sectional analytical study where the data was collected on the Reproductive Coercion Scale (by Miller) from 424 patients. The independent variables were; worried about pregnancy, pregnancy testing, induced abortion, and unwanted pregnancy/birth and the dependent variable was the scale score of each item. Data was analyzed by Chi-Square/Fisher’s Exact test at Statistical significance of p ? 0.05. Results The mean age of women was 30.13 (SD=6.51) years. Half of the women 212 (50%) were between 20 to 30 years. The majority were housewives 403(95%), living in joint family systems 314 (74.1%), and uneducated 260 (61.3%). There was a significant difference between unwanted/being worried about not pregnant and threats to leave the wife if she did not get pregnant (p=0.03), compelled wife for unprotected sex (p=0.02), and deliberately removed condoms (p=0.02). A significant difference was reported with induced abortions; as the wife was advised against the use of contraceptives (p=0.01), compelled for pregnancy (p=0.03), deliberately barred use of condoms (p=0.03), deliberately removed condom during sex (P=0.05) and damaging condom on purpose (p=0.001). Significant responses were reported for unwanted pregnancy/birth against the items; leaving the wife for not getting pregnant (p=0.001), intentionally barred access to contraceptives (p=0.02), and deliberately damaged condoms (p=0.02). Conclusion Reproductive coercion is overtly denied but covertly reflected in the health-seeking behaviors of women with a significant impact on reproductive health outcomes. Key Words Induced abortion, Reproductive Coercion, Unwanted Pregnancy","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"46 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620552","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Noor ul Baqi, Faiza Nadeem, Muhammad Wasif, Syed Ahsan Ali, Saima Aziz
Objective To determine trends of poisoning cases in autopsy examinations conducted at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Materials and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 262 cases of poisoning presented for autopsy at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022. All poison-based autopsy cases of any age and gender were included in the study. Cases with Incomplete documentation and referred from other districts were excluded from the study. Results: Our study showed males 228/262 (87%) were more prevalent than females 34/262 (13%). Moreover, 21-30 years of age were 82/262 (31.3%)individuals. Out of 262 subjects, 50.4% (n=132) were poisoned with a single drug, though 49.6% (n=130) were having multiple drugs. The poisons found in the study were morphine (58.0%, 152), methamphetamines (34.4%, 90), benzodiazepines (34.4%, 90), Tetrahydrocannabinol (19.8%, 52), amphetamines, (15.6%, 41), phosphine (8.8%, 23), Tricyclic antidepressants (8.4%, 22), carbon monoxide (3.8%, 10), methyl alcohol (1.5%, 4), ethyl alcohol (1.1%, 3), propranolol (0.8%, 2), arsenic (0.4%, 1) and tissue paper (0.4%, 1). The trends of poisoning have been looked through the period of 5 years, indicating the use of morphine, amphetamines, and methamphetamines were escalating in the meantime, whereas the frequency of usage of benzodiazepines remain sustained Conclusion: Our study concluded that poisoning was found more prevalent in males in the middle age group. In addition, the analysis of the last five years revealed that trends of morphine and methamphetamine poisoning increased while phosphine was found to be decreased for the cause of death determination. Keywords: Trends, Poisoning, Autopsy
{"title":"TRENDS IN POISONING CASES: AN AUTOPSY-BASED STUDY AT KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE, PESHAWAR","authors":"Noor ul Baqi, Faiza Nadeem, Muhammad Wasif, Syed Ahsan Ali, Saima Aziz","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objective To determine trends of poisoning cases in autopsy examinations conducted at Khyber Medical College, Peshawar. Materials and Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study enrolled 262 cases of poisoning presented for autopsy at the Department of Forensic Medicine, Khyber Medical College from 1st January 2018 to 31st December 2022. All poison-based autopsy cases of any age and gender were included in the study. Cases with Incomplete documentation and referred from other districts were excluded from the study. Results: Our study showed males 228/262 (87%) were more prevalent than females 34/262 (13%). Moreover, 21-30 years of age were 82/262 (31.3%)individuals. Out of 262 subjects, 50.4% (n=132) were poisoned with a single drug, though 49.6% (n=130) were having multiple drugs. The poisons found in the study were morphine (58.0%, 152), methamphetamines (34.4%, 90), benzodiazepines (34.4%, 90), Tetrahydrocannabinol (19.8%, 52), amphetamines, (15.6%, 41), phosphine (8.8%, 23), Tricyclic antidepressants (8.4%, 22), carbon monoxide (3.8%, 10), methyl alcohol (1.5%, 4), ethyl alcohol (1.1%, 3), propranolol (0.8%, 2), arsenic (0.4%, 1) and tissue paper (0.4%, 1). The trends of poisoning have been looked through the period of 5 years, indicating the use of morphine, amphetamines, and methamphetamines were escalating in the meantime, whereas the frequency of usage of benzodiazepines remain sustained Conclusion: Our study concluded that poisoning was found more prevalent in males in the middle age group. In addition, the analysis of the last five years revealed that trends of morphine and methamphetamine poisoning increased while phosphine was found to be decreased for the cause of death determination. Keywords: Trends, Poisoning, Autopsy","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"33 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620686","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To determine the level of perceived stress of students of the Medical Faculty in Novi Sad during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method: This online cross-sectional survey, including 523 medical faculty students was conducted in February 2022. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the level of perceived stress. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS v22. Results: The average score of the Perceived Stress Scale was 20.43 (SD ± 7.39), which suggests that students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad experienced moderate levels of perceived stress in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Female students experienced higher levels of perceived stress compared to male students. No significant difference was observed among the study programs or the year of study. Conclusion: During the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students showed a moderate degree of perceived stress, whereas female students were significantly more affected. These results indicate the need for further assessment and promotion of students’ mental well-being. Keywords: students; COVID-19 pandemic; perceived stress; medical faculty.
{"title":"PERCEIVED STRESS AMONG MEDICAL STUDENTS IN SERBIA DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC","authors":"Marijana Gajić, Milena Mikić, Branimirka Aranđelović, Gordana Dujlovic, Martina Ninić, Milica Stanić","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.5","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To determine the level of perceived stress of students of the Medical Faculty in Novi Sad during the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Material and method: This online cross-sectional survey, including 523 medical faculty students was conducted in February 2022. The Perceived Stress Scale was used to assess the level of perceived stress. Descriptive and inferential statistics were calculated using SPSS v22. Results: The average score of the Perceived Stress Scale was 20.43 (SD ± 7.39), which suggests that students at the Faculty of Medicine of the University of Novi Sad experienced moderate levels of perceived stress in the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Female students experienced higher levels of perceived stress compared to male students. No significant difference was observed among the study programs or the year of study. Conclusion: During the second year of the COVID-19 pandemic, medical students showed a moderate degree of perceived stress, whereas female students were significantly more affected. These results indicate the need for further assessment and promotion of students’ mental well-being. Keywords: students; COVID-19 pandemic; perceived stress; medical faculty.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"25 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620687","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To assess the progression of myopia in the medical students of Khyber Medical College (KMC), Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Khyber Medical College from May to June 2022. Data was collected after obtaining approval from the Ethical Board. Responses from 203 students were collected. An online questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and was shared through the official WhatsApp groups of all five years of KMC via a simple random sampling technique was used. The progression of myopia was estimated by analyzing the increase in the dioptre number among myopic students. Various factors such as screen time, study hours, and family history were also taken into account. The responses were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: Out of the 203 collected samples, 59.61% of the students were myopic, and among those myopic students, 53.39% noticed an increase in their dioptre number after admission to medical college. Additionally, various factors such as screen time, study hours, and family history were also considered. 50.4% of the myopic students reported their screen time to be 4-6 hours. Similarly, 64.4% of the myopic students had 1-3 hours as their reading time. Moreover, 75.2% of the myopic students had a positive family history of myopia. Conclusion: Myopia is highly prevalent among medical students at Khyber Medical College. The study revealed a significant number of myopic students experiencing progression of myopia after admission to medical college. Keywords: Myopia, dioptre, screen time, study hours
{"title":"PROGRESSION OF MYOPIA IN MEDICAL STUDENTS OF KHYBER MEDICAL COLLEGE, PESHAWAR","authors":"Aiyna Usman, Eman Arif, Rubeena Gul, Aziza Alam","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.6","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the progression of myopia in the medical students of Khyber Medical College (KMC), Peshawar, Pakistan. Materials and methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at Khyber Medical College from May to June 2022. Data was collected after obtaining approval from the Ethical Board. Responses from 203 students were collected. An online questionnaire was designed using Google Forms and was shared through the official WhatsApp groups of all five years of KMC via a simple random sampling technique was used. The progression of myopia was estimated by analyzing the increase in the dioptre number among myopic students. Various factors such as screen time, study hours, and family history were also taken into account. The responses were recorded and analyzed using SPSS version 22 software. Results: Out of the 203 collected samples, 59.61% of the students were myopic, and among those myopic students, 53.39% noticed an increase in their dioptre number after admission to medical college. Additionally, various factors such as screen time, study hours, and family history were also considered. 50.4% of the myopic students reported their screen time to be 4-6 hours. Similarly, 64.4% of the myopic students had 1-3 hours as their reading time. Moreover, 75.2% of the myopic students had a positive family history of myopia. Conclusion: Myopia is highly prevalent among medical students at Khyber Medical College. The study revealed a significant number of myopic students experiencing progression of myopia after admission to medical college. Keywords: Myopia, dioptre, screen time, study hours","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"11 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620685","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in improving heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and evaluate satisfaction rates among women with heavy menstrual bleeding, treated with LNG–IUS. Material and methods: This prospective observational study with a one-year follow-up included 73 women of reproductive age 20 – 50 years with complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). They presented to the Gynae ward and the outpatient department (OPD) of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients with more than 3 cm fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, bleeding of unknown cause, and any known pelvic malignancy were excluded. LNG-IUS (Mirena) was inserted in OPD routinely and in Operation Theater under anesthesia where the cervix could not be dilated. Patients were followed up in OPD at one month, 3 months, six months, and one year. Improvement in symptoms, satisfaction level, and Hemoglobin (Hb) before and after the procedure was documented on a Proforma. RESULTS: There was a progressive resolution in the amount of bleeding in patients followed at 1-month, 3-month, six months, and one year. The satisfaction rate was 92%. There was an improvement in Hb in 97% of patients. Only 04 out of 73 patients needed a hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is an effective and tolerated treatment option for abnormal uterine bleeding. In the Covid times, it proved to be an effective first-line management of AUB. We recommend its use after careful selection of patients and also recommend a good counseling session before its use. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, LNG – IUS.
{"title":"LEVONORGESTREL RELEASING INTRAUTERINE SYSTEM (MIRENA) FOR ABNORMAL UTERINE BLEEDING- A USEFUL TOOL IN THE COVID TIMES","authors":"Jamila M Naib, Fauzia Afridi, Maimoona Qadir","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the effectiveness of the Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) in improving heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB) and evaluate satisfaction rates among women with heavy menstrual bleeding, treated with LNG–IUS. Material and methods: This prospective observational study with a one-year follow-up included 73 women of reproductive age 20 – 50 years with complaints of heavy menstrual bleeding (HMB). They presented to the Gynae ward and the outpatient department (OPD) of Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar, Pakistan. Patients with more than 3 cm fibroids, pelvic inflammatory disease, bleeding of unknown cause, and any known pelvic malignancy were excluded. LNG-IUS (Mirena) was inserted in OPD routinely and in Operation Theater under anesthesia where the cervix could not be dilated. Patients were followed up in OPD at one month, 3 months, six months, and one year. Improvement in symptoms, satisfaction level, and Hemoglobin (Hb) before and after the procedure was documented on a Proforma. RESULTS: There was a progressive resolution in the amount of bleeding in patients followed at 1-month, 3-month, six months, and one year. The satisfaction rate was 92%. There was an improvement in Hb in 97% of patients. Only 04 out of 73 patients needed a hysterectomy. CONCLUSION: Levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG-IUS) is an effective and tolerated treatment option for abnormal uterine bleeding. In the Covid times, it proved to be an effective first-line management of AUB. We recommend its use after careful selection of patients and also recommend a good counseling session before its use. Keywords: Abnormal uterine bleeding, heavy menstrual bleeding, LNG – IUS.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":"23 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620550","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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