Iqra Jabbar, Muhammad Faheem Afzal, Muneeba Saeed, Adeela Arif, Waqar Ahmed
Objective: To compare the level of awareness of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus control among urban and rural patients. Materials & Methods: A Comparative Cross-sectional study was conducted at Ganga Ram, Sheikh Zayed, and PSRD Hospital, Lahore by using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data from 362 participants were gathered and analyzed from November 2021 to April 2022. Participants who had type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 10 years, aged 34-68 years, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18.5 to 34.9kg/m2 were included and those with micro and macrovascular complications were excluded from this study. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of PSRD College of Rehabilitation (Ref#PSRD/CRS/IAJ/REC/Letter-002). Semi-structured questionnaires that comprised pharmacological, diet, and exercise components were used for data collection after getting informed consent from participants. Results: Results of this study show Mean±SD of age in urban and rural 49.7011±7.38161, 48.3457±7.09693 years, BMI 27.6858±4.27858, 27.6551±4.27986kg/m2 respectively. The Mean±SD of pharmacological awareness in urban and rural 4.4483±0.44174, 4.3085±0.55392, and exercise awareness was 1.4415±.49789, 1.4368±.49742 showed no significant difference while diet awareness to control diabetes was 3.8391±1.10043, 2.7553±1.44922, with significant difference(p-value<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no significant difference between urban and rural patients for pharmacological and exercise awareness and a significant difference for diet management in diabetes control. Keywords: Awareness, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Management, Rural population, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Urban population.
{"title":"AWARENESS OF TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS CONTROL AMONG URBAN AND RURAL PATIENTS","authors":"Iqra Jabbar, Muhammad Faheem Afzal, Muneeba Saeed, Adeela Arif, Waqar Ahmed","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.4","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.4","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the level of awareness of type 2 Diabetes Mellitus control among urban and rural patients. Materials & Methods: A Comparative Cross-sectional study was conducted at Ganga Ram, Sheikh Zayed, and PSRD Hospital, Lahore by using a non-probability purposive sampling technique. The data from 362 participants were gathered and analyzed from November 2021 to April 2022. Participants who had type 2 Diabetes Mellitus for 10 years, aged 34-68 years, and Body Mass Index (BMI) of 18.5 to 34.9kg/m2 were included and those with micro and macrovascular complications were excluded from this study. Ethical approval was taken from the Institutional Review Board of PSRD College of Rehabilitation (Ref#PSRD/CRS/IAJ/REC/Letter-002). Semi-structured questionnaires that comprised pharmacological, diet, and exercise components were used for data collection after getting informed consent from participants. Results: Results of this study show Mean±SD of age in urban and rural 49.7011±7.38161, 48.3457±7.09693 years, BMI 27.6858±4.27858, 27.6551±4.27986kg/m2 respectively. The Mean±SD of pharmacological awareness in urban and rural 4.4483±0.44174, 4.3085±0.55392, and exercise awareness was 1.4415±.49789, 1.4368±.49742 showed no significant difference while diet awareness to control diabetes was 3.8391±1.10043, 2.7553±1.44922, with significant difference(p-value<0.05). Conclusion: This study concludes that there is no significant difference between urban and rural patients for pharmacological and exercise awareness and a significant difference for diet management in diabetes control. Keywords: Awareness, Diabetes Mellitus, Disease Management, Rural population, Type II Diabetes Mellitus, Urban population.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276499","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Anum Rafique, Nazish Rafique, Kiran Afzal, Hafsa Ahmed Khan, Nazish Ashfaq, Amna Rubab
Introduction: Pregnancy is a very special period for women, they experience emotional, physical, and physiological deviations. The majority of females encounter peripheral edema during their gestation time. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of edema in the natal and post-natal period, risk factors, and their association with edema. Methods: An observational study was conducted at Cantonment Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from August 2018 to January 2019. Out of 405 females, 18-35 years of age and 3rd trimester of gestation or post-natal period and women with previous venous diseases or high-risk gestations were included. Whereas women with edema in other body parts and those after puerperium were excluded. The data was collected by self-structured questionnaire, edema grading scale, and limb measurement. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Results: The frequency of leg edema was 65.9% and higher in the third trimester, especially during the eighth and nine months of pregnancy. It could lead to several other symptoms like pain and cramps that could be intensified by long-standing and comforted through rest whereas a few other factors that affect edema contain less water intake and lack of exercise. There is a significant association between edema and its related risk factors including months of pregnancy, exercises during pregnancy, and activity level (p < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Lower limb edema is prevalent in late pregnancy, especially during the 8th - 9th month. There is a significant association between edema and its related risk factors including months of pregnancy, exercises during pregnancy, and activity level. Keywords: Edema, lower limb, pregnancy, prevalence.
{"title":"PREVALENCE OF LOWER LIMB EDEMA IN NATAL AND POST-NATAL PERIOD","authors":"Anum Rafique, Nazish Rafique, Kiran Afzal, Hafsa Ahmed Khan, Nazish Ashfaq, Amna Rubab","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.5","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.5","url":null,"abstract":"Introduction: Pregnancy is a very special period for women, they experience emotional, physical, and physiological deviations. The majority of females encounter peripheral edema during their gestation time. The objective of this study was to determine the occurrence of edema in the natal and post-natal period, risk factors, and their association with edema. Methods: An observational study was conducted at Cantonment Hospital and Benazir Bhutto Hospital, Rawalpindi, Pakistan from August 2018 to January 2019. Out of 405 females, 18-35 years of age and 3rd trimester of gestation or post-natal period and women with previous venous diseases or high-risk gestations were included. Whereas women with edema in other body parts and those after puerperium were excluded. The data was collected by self-structured questionnaire, edema grading scale, and limb measurement. Data were analyzed by SPSS 23. Results: The frequency of leg edema was 65.9% and higher in the third trimester, especially during the eighth and nine months of pregnancy. It could lead to several other symptoms like pain and cramps that could be intensified by long-standing and comforted through rest whereas a few other factors that affect edema contain less water intake and lack of exercise. There is a significant association between edema and its related risk factors including months of pregnancy, exercises during pregnancy, and activity level (p < 0.001). Conclusion(s): Lower limb edema is prevalent in late pregnancy, especially during the 8th - 9th month. There is a significant association between edema and its related risk factors including months of pregnancy, exercises during pregnancy, and activity level. Keywords: Edema, lower limb, pregnancy, prevalence.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277046","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Iqbal Haider, Manahil Saeed Khan, Mohsin Shafi, Qaisar Ali Khan, Reshael Saeed
Objectives: This study aimed to comprehend the entrepreneurial and abroad practice mindset among Pakistani medical undergraduates and the factors influencing their choices. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 401 students from various medical and dental colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning their career preferences, reasons for working abroad or in private practice, and perceptions of benefits and drawbacks to working in public and private sectors, among other questions. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Two hundred and five (205) students prefer postgraduate training, while 168 prefer overseas clinical training. Outpatient services in governmental hospitals were mentioned as a benefit, while a lack of facilities was noted as a hurdle. Twenty-eight (28) students chose private practice due to its appealing work environment. There was no significant association between studying years and preference for working abroad as a clinician, with a p-value of 0.251 regarding barriers in private practice or the type of setup preferred. Conclusion: Perceptions of general practice among medical students in Pakistan are influenced by various factors, such as income potential, quality of life, and the chance to acquire new skills. The responses reflect the students' inclination towards furthering training and gaining experience in different healthcare setups. Further research may explore how these perceptions affect healthcare delivery within the country. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Mindset, Overseas Training, Public Sector Benefits, Private Practice Barriers, Postgraduate Training.
研究目的本研究旨在了解巴基斯坦医学本科生的创业和出国实践心态以及影响其选择的因素。方法：横断面调查：对来自巴基斯坦开伯尔巴图克瓦省多所医学院和牙医学院的 401 名学生进行了横断面调查。参与者填写了一份问卷，内容涉及职业偏好、出国工作或在私人诊所工作的原因、对在公共部门和私营部门工作的利弊的看法等。数据使用 SPSS 软件（IBM Corp.2019 年发布。IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0.Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.）。结果有 205 名学生倾向于接受研究生培训，168 名学生倾向于接受海外临床培训。政府医院的门诊服务被认为是一个优点，而缺乏设施被认为是一个障碍。28（28）名学生选择了私人诊所，因为其工作环境很有吸引力。在私人诊所的障碍或首选的设置类型方面，学习年限与在国外作为临床医生工作的偏好之间没有明显关联，P 值为 0.251。结论巴基斯坦医科学生对全科医生的看法受到多种因素的影响，如收入潜力、生活质量和获得新技能的机会。学生的回答反映出他们倾向于在不同的医疗机构中继续深造和积累经验。进一步的研究可以探讨这些看法如何影响国内的医疗服务。关键词创业心态、海外培训、公共部门利益、私人执业障碍、研究生培训。
{"title":"ENTREPRENEURIAL MINDSET: PERSPECTIVE OF MEDICAL UNDERGRADUATES","authors":"Iqbal Haider, Manahil Saeed Khan, Mohsin Shafi, Qaisar Ali Khan, Reshael Saeed","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.14","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.14","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to comprehend the entrepreneurial and abroad practice mindset among Pakistani medical undergraduates and the factors influencing their choices. Methods: A cross-sectional survey involving 401 students from various medical and dental colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, was conducted. Participants completed a questionnaire concerning their career preferences, reasons for working abroad or in private practice, and perceptions of benefits and drawbacks to working in public and private sectors, among other questions. Data was analyzed using the SPSS software (IBM Corp. Released 2019. IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 26.0. Armonk, NY: IBM Corp.). Results: Two hundred and five (205) students prefer postgraduate training, while 168 prefer overseas clinical training. Outpatient services in governmental hospitals were mentioned as a benefit, while a lack of facilities was noted as a hurdle. Twenty-eight (28) students chose private practice due to its appealing work environment. There was no significant association between studying years and preference for working abroad as a clinician, with a p-value of 0.251 regarding barriers in private practice or the type of setup preferred. Conclusion: Perceptions of general practice among medical students in Pakistan are influenced by various factors, such as income potential, quality of life, and the chance to acquire new skills. The responses reflect the students' inclination towards furthering training and gaining experience in different healthcare setups. Further research may explore how these perceptions affect healthcare delivery within the country. Keywords: Entrepreneurial Mindset, Overseas Training, Public Sector Benefits, Private Practice Barriers, Postgraduate Training.","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277531","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objectives: To compare the parental perceptions of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of autistic and non-autistic children after full mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). Methods and Materials: The study included 114 autistic children and 116 children without autism. Two years after receiving therapy under GA, participating parents completed a condensed version of the Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). Demographic data was collected. Oral symptoms, social health, psychology, functional limitation, and family affect ratings. Mean, standard deviation and statistical differences between groups were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Children with autism received higher overall P-CPQ scores than children without autism, according to the frequency distribution of the P-CPQ for parental perception when children with and without autism were compared. In all four domains, when scores were compared according to the domain, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores. According to the FIS frequency distribution, children with autism had higher total FIS scores than children without the condition. The change was not statistically significant, though. Only parental emotions showed a statistically significant difference when scores were examined by domain. Conclusion: Children with autism and children without autism score the same on the P-CPQ, indicating that the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation under GA is positive for both types of children. Parent emotions may not change immediately following the complete rehabilitation under GA which may be required to be handled separately to boost the confidence of the patient. Keywords: Autistic, children, general anesthesia, parents, perception
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EVALUATION OF PARENTAL PERCEPTIONS OF THE ORAL HEALTH-RELATED QUALITY OF LIFE OF AUTISTIC AND NON-AUTISTIC CHILDREN AFTER FULL MOUTH REHABILITATION UNDER GENERAL ANESTHESIA","authors":"Noor AL Aswad, A. Abushanan, Saqib Ali","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.7","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To compare the parental perceptions of the oral health-related quality of life (OHRQOL) of autistic and non-autistic children after full mouth rehabilitation under general anesthesia (GA). Methods and Materials: The study included 114 autistic children and 116 children without autism. Two years after receiving therapy under GA, participating parents completed a condensed version of the Perceptions Questionnaire (P-CPQ) and Family Impact Scale (FIS). Demographic data was collected. Oral symptoms, social health, psychology, functional limitation, and family affect ratings. Mean, standard deviation and statistical differences between groups were analyzed using SPSS. Results: Children with autism received higher overall P-CPQ scores than children without autism, according to the frequency distribution of the P-CPQ for parental perception when children with and without autism were compared. In all four domains, when scores were compared according to the domain, there was no statistically significant difference in the scores. According to the FIS frequency distribution, children with autism had higher total FIS scores than children without the condition. The change was not statistically significant, though. Only parental emotions showed a statistically significant difference when scores were examined by domain. Conclusion: Children with autism and children without autism score the same on the P-CPQ, indicating that the impact of comprehensive rehabilitation under GA is positive for both types of children. Parent emotions may not change immediately following the complete rehabilitation under GA which may be required to be handled separately to boost the confidence of the patient. Keywords: Autistic, children, general anesthesia, parents, perception","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276288","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: To compare the effects of muscle energy technique and counterstrain technique on pain, functional status and satisfaction level in patients with planter fasciitis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from May to November 2022. Total 66 patients were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis of age 20-60 years, both gender and history of pain?4 weeks were randomly allocated into two groups. Muscle energy technique was applied to group A and Counterstrain technique was given to Group B with routine physiotherapy. Outcomes measure were Visual Analog Scales for pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for functional level and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 for satisfaction level. Assessment was conducted at baseline, 1st and 2ndweek. Independent t-test and RM-ANOVA was used for between and within-group differences with p?0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed no significant difference between Group A and Group B in pain (p=0.245), functional status (ADL: p=0.862, Sport: p=0.092) and satisfaction level (p=0.108). However, significant within-group difference was observed with pain (p=0.000), functional status (p=0.000) and general satisfaction level (p=0.000). Conclusion: Muscle Energy and Counterstrain Technique are equally beneficial in decreasing pain, enhancing functional status and patient satisfaction level in plantar fasciitis patients. Keywords: Counterstrain Technique; Functional Status; Foot and ankle ability measure; Muscle energy technique; Pain; Planter fasciitis; Satisfaction Level; Visual analog scale
目的比较肌肉能量技术和反拉伸技术对平面筋膜炎患者疼痛、功能状态和满意度的影响。 方法这项随机临床试验于 2022 年 5 月至 11 月进行。采用目的性抽样技术共招募了 66 名患者。临床确诊的足底筋膜炎患者年龄在 20-60 岁之间，男女不限，疼痛史均为 4 周。A 组采用肌肉能量技术，B 组在常规物理治疗的基础上采用反应变技术。结果测量包括疼痛视觉模拟量表（Visual Analog Scales）、足踝功能测量（Foot and Ankle Ability Measure）和患者满意度问卷-18（Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18）。评估在基线、第一周和第二周进行。组间和组内差异采用独立 t 检验和 RM-ANOVA 检验，P? 结果显示结果显示，A 组和 B 组在疼痛（P=0.245）、功能状态（ADL：P=0.862，运动：P=0.092）和满意度（P=0.108）方面无明显差异。然而，在疼痛（p=0.000）、功能状态（p=0.000）和总体满意度（p=0.000）方面，观察到了明显的组内差异。 结论肌肉能量疗法和反拉力疗法在减轻足底筋膜炎患者疼痛、改善其功能状况和提高患者满意度方面具有同等疗效。 关键词反拉力技术；功能状态；足踝能力测量；肌肉能量技术；疼痛；足底筋膜炎；满意度；视觉模拟量表
{"title":"COMPARATIVE EFFECTS OF MUSCLE ENERGY TECHNIQUE AND COUNTERSTRAIN TECHNIQUE ON PAIN, FUNCTION STATUS AND SATISFACTION LEVEL IN PLANTER FASCIITIS PATIENTS","authors":"Taliah Bashir Sandhu, Ayesha Jamil, Syed Asadullah Arslan","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.3","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: To compare the effects of muscle energy technique and counterstrain technique on pain, functional status and satisfaction level in patients with planter fasciitis. Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted from May to November 2022. Total 66 patients were recruited using purposive sampling technique. Clinically diagnosed patients of plantar fasciitis of age 20-60 years, both gender and history of pain?4 weeks were randomly allocated into two groups. Muscle energy technique was applied to group A and Counterstrain technique was given to Group B with routine physiotherapy. Outcomes measure were Visual Analog Scales for pain, Foot and Ankle Ability Measure for functional level and Patient Satisfaction Questionnaire-18 for satisfaction level. Assessment was conducted at baseline, 1st and 2ndweek. Independent t-test and RM-ANOVA was used for between and within-group differences with p?0.05 was significant. Results: The results showed no significant difference between Group A and Group B in pain (p=0.245), functional status (ADL: p=0.862, Sport: p=0.092) and satisfaction level (p=0.108). However, significant within-group difference was observed with pain (p=0.000), functional status (p=0.000) and general satisfaction level (p=0.000). Conclusion: Muscle Energy and Counterstrain Technique are equally beneficial in decreasing pain, enhancing functional status and patient satisfaction level in plantar fasciitis patients. Keywords: Counterstrain Technique; Functional Status; Foot and ankle ability measure; Muscle energy technique; Pain; Planter fasciitis; Satisfaction Level; Visual analog scale","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277670","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a well-known microvascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with several risk factors. This study intended to determine the association of the level of education and occupation with the severity and outcome of DFU in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from 1st January 2023 to 25th January 2023 in the Endocrinology Division of the Department of Medical Specialties, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Adult diabetic patients with DFU were enrolled in the study. All the relevant demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics were measured. Results: Out of 148 patients, only 50 (33.8%) patients were educated. The study participants had a mean age, BMI, HbA1c, and duration of DM of 56.48 years, 27.3 kg/m2, 10.3 % and 9.4 years, respectively. There was a substantial association between the level of education and occupation with the severity of DFU which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.001 and p-value = 0.01, respectively). Regarding the outcome of DFU, it was found that patients with medium and high levels of literacy and skilled occupation had lower rates of major amputations. These results were statistically non-significant however they were found to be clinically significant. Conclusion: A significant association was observed between the education level and occupation with the severity and outcome of DFU. This underpins the significance of structured education of patients with low and medium literacy levels and those with unskilled and semiskilled jobs regarding their foot care. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot ulcer, Occupation
{"title":"ASSOCIATION OF LEVEL OF EDUCATION AND OCCUPATION WITH DIABETIC FOOT ULCER IN PATIENTS WITH TYPE 2 DIABETES MELLITUS","authors":"Suleman Elahi Malik, Shaista Kanwal, Javeria Javed, Hammad Naeem, Zabia Jehandad, Iqbal Haider","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.8","url":null,"abstract":"Objective: Diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a well-known microvascular complication of Type 2 Diabetes mellitus (T2DM) with several risk factors. This study intended to determine the association of the level of education and occupation with the severity and outcome of DFU in diabetic patients. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted from 1st January 2023 to 25th January 2023 in the Endocrinology Division of the Department of Medical Specialties, Khyber Teaching Hospital, Peshawar. Adult diabetic patients with DFU were enrolled in the study. All the relevant demographic, clinical, and biochemical characteristics were measured. Results: Out of 148 patients, only 50 (33.8%) patients were educated. The study participants had a mean age, BMI, HbA1c, and duration of DM of 56.48 years, 27.3 kg/m2, 10.3 % and 9.4 years, respectively. There was a substantial association between the level of education and occupation with the severity of DFU which was statistically significant (p-value = 0.001 and p-value = 0.01, respectively). Regarding the outcome of DFU, it was found that patients with medium and high levels of literacy and skilled occupation had lower rates of major amputations. These results were statistically non-significant however they were found to be clinically significant. Conclusion: A significant association was observed between the education level and occupation with the severity and outcome of DFU. This underpins the significance of structured education of patients with low and medium literacy levels and those with unskilled and semiskilled jobs regarding their foot care. Keywords: Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, Diabetic Foot ulcer, Occupation","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277463","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Uzma Mahmood, Hifsa, Beenish Qazi, Izaz Akhtar, S. Rehman, Muhammad Asim, Parsa Mustafa, Hafiza Sabahat Iqbal, Kashan Zafar, Muhammad Junaid
Objectives: To assess the awareness and practices relating to menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent girls of Peshawar, Pakistan Materials and methods: A cross-sectional institution-based research was employed in Hayatabad, Peshawar, from February 2022 to July 2022. The selection of the four schools was done through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected from 200 adolescent girls through self-administered questionnaires and statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Descriptive data was expressed in the form of mean ±SD, frequencies, and percentages. A chi-square test was applied to find the association between sociodemographic factors and menstrual hygiene practices. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 200 girls who took part in the study, 120 (60%) exhibited inadequate awareness of menstrual hygiene, while 86 (43%) demonstrated poor hygiene practices during menstruation. 115 (57.5%) knew that hormones were the cause of menstruation. The most frequently used menstrual product was a disposable sanitary pad followed by cloth. The menstrual hygiene practices were significantly associated with the education status of the mother (p= 0.022) and the occupation of the father (p= 0.047). Conclusion: The results of our study revealed a concerning trend: approximately two-thirds of the respondents exhibited inadequate awareness, while one-third demonstrated suboptimal hygiene practices related to menstruation. This demonstrates the need to make efforts to educate adolescent girls about more hygienic and safer methods of managing menstruation and such products are made more affordable and accessible to them. Keywords: Awareness, practices, menstrual hygiene, adolescent girls, menstruation
{"title":"EMPOWERING ADOLESCENTS: EXPLORING MENSTRUAL HYGIENE AWARENESS AND PRACTICES AMONG SCHOOLGIRLS IN PESHAWAR- A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY","authors":"Uzma Mahmood, Hifsa, Beenish Qazi, Izaz Akhtar, S. Rehman, Muhammad Asim, Parsa Mustafa, Hafiza Sabahat Iqbal, Kashan Zafar, Muhammad Junaid","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.12","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.12","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess the awareness and practices relating to menstrual hygiene among school-going adolescent girls of Peshawar, Pakistan Materials and methods: A cross-sectional institution-based research was employed in Hayatabad, Peshawar, from February 2022 to July 2022. The selection of the four schools was done through a multi-stage sampling technique. Data was collected from 200 adolescent girls through self-administered questionnaires and statistical analysis was done using SPSS. Descriptive data was expressed in the form of mean ±SD, frequencies, and percentages. A chi-square test was applied to find the association between sociodemographic factors and menstrual hygiene practices. A p-value of <0.05 was considered significant. Results: Out of 200 girls who took part in the study, 120 (60%) exhibited inadequate awareness of menstrual hygiene, while 86 (43%) demonstrated poor hygiene practices during menstruation. 115 (57.5%) knew that hormones were the cause of menstruation. The most frequently used menstrual product was a disposable sanitary pad followed by cloth. The menstrual hygiene practices were significantly associated with the education status of the mother (p= 0.022) and the occupation of the father (p= 0.047). Conclusion: The results of our study revealed a concerning trend: approximately two-thirds of the respondents exhibited inadequate awareness, while one-third demonstrated suboptimal hygiene practices related to menstruation. This demonstrates the need to make efforts to educate adolescent girls about more hygienic and safer methods of managing menstruation and such products are made more affordable and accessible to them. Keywords: Awareness, practices, menstrual hygiene, adolescent girls, menstruation","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139276856","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Syed Shahmeer Raza, Nida Wali Khan, Najma Fida, Umema Zafar, Dureshahwar Ali, Attaullah Shah
Objectives: This study aimed to compute the effect of stress 6-minute Walk Test (6-MWT)/Exercise) on Blood Pressure Indices (BPIs) in both COVID-19 patients and Controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 young adults were included in this research with 61 participants each in the cases and the controls group. Participants between the ages of 18-40 with a previously positive confirmed PCR report covid (>3 months had passed after resolution of COVID-19 infection) were included as cases while healthy adults who did not contract covid were included in the control group. All the participants from both groups were stressed by asking them to perform the 6MWT. The subject’s blood pressure was checked both before and after the stress and their MAP and PP were calculated. Results: In both pre and post-stress comparisons between cases and controls there was no significant difference between MAP (Post-Stress p=1 and Pre-Stress p=0.25) and PP (Post-Stress p=0.129 and Pre-Stress p=0.68). Matrix Scatter Plot between variables both pre and post-stress shows that all the variables (MAP, PP, and HR) did not correlate with each other. Conclusion: BPI i.e., MAP and PP show no significant difference between post-COVID participants and healthy adults after induction of stress. Keywords: Six Minute Walk Test; Covid-19; Mean Arterial Pressure; Pulse Pressure
{"title":"COMPARISON OF BLOOD PRESSURE INDICES (MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND PULSE PRESSURE) AFTER INDUCTION OF STRESS BETWEEN POST-COVID-19 AND HEALTHY ADULTS","authors":"Syed Shahmeer Raza, Nida Wali Khan, Najma Fida, Umema Zafar, Dureshahwar Ali, Attaullah Shah","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.10","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.10","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: This study aimed to compute the effect of stress 6-minute Walk Test (6-MWT)/Exercise) on Blood Pressure Indices (BPIs) in both COVID-19 patients and Controls. Materials and Methods: A total of 122 young adults were included in this research with 61 participants each in the cases and the controls group. Participants between the ages of 18-40 with a previously positive confirmed PCR report covid (>3 months had passed after resolution of COVID-19 infection) were included as cases while healthy adults who did not contract covid were included in the control group. All the participants from both groups were stressed by asking them to perform the 6MWT. The subject’s blood pressure was checked both before and after the stress and their MAP and PP were calculated. Results: In both pre and post-stress comparisons between cases and controls there was no significant difference between MAP (Post-Stress p=1 and Pre-Stress p=0.25) and PP (Post-Stress p=0.129 and Pre-Stress p=0.68). Matrix Scatter Plot between variables both pre and post-stress shows that all the variables (MAP, PP, and HR) did not correlate with each other. Conclusion: BPI i.e., MAP and PP show no significant difference between post-COVID participants and healthy adults after induction of stress. Keywords: Six Minute Walk Test; Covid-19; Mean Arterial Pressure; Pulse Pressure","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277469","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Jan Muhammad Afridi, Sabahat Amir, Sana Pervez, Syed Kaleem Ur Rahman
Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of ceftriaxone and Meropenem in the treatment of Enteric Fever in the Pediatric Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Child Health Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2022. The sample size included 392 patients. Keeping in view 392 blood samples were taken and sent for blood culture. Both positive and negative cultures were incorporated in the study. The patients were started empirically on ceftriaxone and then in case of no response, the patients were shifted to Meropenem based on the sensitivity of the culture report. The response was defined as when the patient is afebrile for 72 hours after the treatment and the absence of complications like peritonitis, intestinal hemorrhage, and obtundation. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: In our study, out of 392 patients, 64% were males while 36% were females. Among blood cultures sent, 16.8% were positive and 83.2% were negative. Among the culture positive, 10.5% of patients were sensitive to Meropenem, 3.6% were sensitive to ceftriaxone and 2.8% were sensitive to other drugs. 60.7% of patients responded to Meropenem. Ceftriaxone-responsive patients were 11.7%, while 27.6% showed a response to other drugs. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of Meropenem was significantly high (in 2/3rd patients) while Ceftriaxone showed 11.73% efficacy. KEYWORDS: Enteric fever, ceftriaxone, Meropenem
{"title":"THE EFFECTIVENESS OF CEFTRIAXONE AND MEROPENEM IN THE TREATMENT OF ENTERIC FEVER IN CHILDREN- EXPERIENCE IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL IN PAKISTAN","authors":"Jan Muhammad Afridi, Sabahat Amir, Sana Pervez, Syed Kaleem Ur Rahman","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.4.13","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.4.13","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To determine the effectiveness of ceftriaxone and Meropenem in the treatment of Enteric Fever in the Pediatric Department of Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar. MATERIALS AND METHODS: This cross-sectional descriptive study was conducted at the Department of Child Health Khyber Teaching Hospital Peshawar Pakistan from June 2020 to June 2022. The sample size included 392 patients. Keeping in view 392 blood samples were taken and sent for blood culture. Both positive and negative cultures were incorporated in the study. The patients were started empirically on ceftriaxone and then in case of no response, the patients were shifted to Meropenem based on the sensitivity of the culture report. The response was defined as when the patient is afebrile for 72 hours after the treatment and the absence of complications like peritonitis, intestinal hemorrhage, and obtundation. Data was analyzed using SPSS version 21.0. RESULTS: In our study, out of 392 patients, 64% were males while 36% were females. Among blood cultures sent, 16.8% were positive and 83.2% were negative. Among the culture positive, 10.5% of patients were sensitive to Meropenem, 3.6% were sensitive to ceftriaxone and 2.8% were sensitive to other drugs. 60.7% of patients responded to Meropenem. Ceftriaxone-responsive patients were 11.7%, while 27.6% showed a response to other drugs. CONCLUSION: The efficacy of Meropenem was significantly high (in 2/3rd patients) while Ceftriaxone showed 11.73% efficacy. KEYWORDS: Enteric fever, ceftriaxone, Meropenem","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139277699","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abdul Majid, Muhammad Zohaib Ul Hassan, Muhammad Awais, Manahil Saeed Khan, Muhammad Sabih, Faiqa Asghar, Iqbal Haider
Objectives: To assess students’ sleep quality and to find the association of students’ academic performance with sleep quality. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in three public sector institutes: Khyber Medical College Peshawar (KMC), Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD) Peshawar, and the University of Peshawar (UOP). A convenience sampling technique was used, and a sample size of 139 was calculated using the Cochran formula. Data collection was done from September 10, 2022 to October 1, 2022. A self-administered well-validated questionnaire was used to inquire about students' personal and lifestyle characteristics and academic performance and also included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A score equal to or greater than 5 on the PSQI scale signifies poor sleep quality. The chi-square test and Pearson correlation were applied to determine statistical significance. The data analyses were conducted using IBM's SPSS Statistical Software for Windows (IBM SPSS Version 21, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Out of 139 participants, 29 (20.9%) had good-quality sleep, while 110 (79.1%) were poor sleepers. However, we could find no significant association between sleep quality and academic performance (p = 0.194; r = - 0.049) Conclusion: A very high percentage of students had poor sleep quality. However, we could establish no association with academic performance. Keywords: Sleep Quality, Academic Performance, Medical Students, Dental Students
目的:评价学生的睡眠质量，探讨学生学习成绩与睡眠质量的关系。材料和方法:这是一项在三个公共部门机构进行的横断面研究:白沙瓦开伯尔医学院(KMC)、白沙瓦开伯尔牙科学院(KCD)和白沙瓦大学(UOP)。采用方便抽样技术，采用科克伦公式计算139个样本。数据收集时间为2022年9月10日至2022年10月1日。一份自我管理的有效问卷用于询问学生的个人和生活方式特征以及学习成绩，并包括匹兹堡睡眠质量指数(PSQI)。PSQI指数等于或大于5分表明睡眠质量较差。采用卡方检验和Pearson相关来确定统计学显著性。使用IBM SPSS统计软件(IBM SPSS Version 21, Chicago, IL, USA)进行数据分析。结果:139名参与者中，29人(20.9%)睡眠质量良好，110人(79.1%)睡眠质量较差。然而，我们没有发现睡眠质量与学习成绩之间的显著关联(p = 0.194;r = - 0.049)结论:学生睡眠质量差的比例非常高。然而，我们无法建立与学习成绩的联系。关键词:睡眠质量，学习成绩，医学生，牙科学生
{"title":"ASSESSING SLEEP QUALITY AND ITS IMPACT ON ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE AMONG UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS OF PESHAWAR","authors":"Abdul Majid, Muhammad Zohaib Ul Hassan, Muhammad Awais, Manahil Saeed Khan, Muhammad Sabih, Faiqa Asghar, Iqbal Haider","doi":"10.52764/jms.23.31.3.15","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.52764/jms.23.31.3.15","url":null,"abstract":"Objectives: To assess students’ sleep quality and to find the association of students’ academic performance with sleep quality. Materials and Methods: It is a cross-sectional study conducted in three public sector institutes: Khyber Medical College Peshawar (KMC), Khyber College of Dentistry (KCD) Peshawar, and the University of Peshawar (UOP). A convenience sampling technique was used, and a sample size of 139 was calculated using the Cochran formula. Data collection was done from September 10, 2022 to October 1, 2022. A self-administered well-validated questionnaire was used to inquire about students' personal and lifestyle characteristics and academic performance and also included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI). A score equal to or greater than 5 on the PSQI scale signifies poor sleep quality. The chi-square test and Pearson correlation were applied to determine statistical significance. The data analyses were conducted using IBM's SPSS Statistical Software for Windows (IBM SPSS Version 21, Chicago, IL, USA). Results: Out of 139 participants, 29 (20.9%) had good-quality sleep, while 110 (79.1%) were poor sleepers. However, we could find no significant association between sleep quality and academic performance (p = 0.194; r = - 0.049) Conclusion: A very high percentage of students had poor sleep quality. However, we could establish no association with academic performance. Keywords: Sleep Quality, Academic Performance, Medical Students, Dental Students","PeriodicalId":16486,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Medical Sciences","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-08-23","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"135620846","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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