Zachary M. Weisner, Ethan Collins, Katelyn Hanson, Herbert Patrick, Peter Clark
{"title":"Evaluation of Capacity in the Hospital Setting and its Long-Term Implications","authors":"Zachary M. Weisner, Ethan Collins, Katelyn Hanson, Herbert Patrick, Peter Clark","doi":"10.22461/jhea.4.71614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.4.71614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"7 10","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805212","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence to guide dentistry on conflict of interest (COI) and professional-industry relationships is limited. To determine the breadth of literature regarding ethics in dentistry and COI relating to sponsorship. A scoping review following the PRISMA extension was performed. Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify peer-reviewed sources, published 2013-2023. Titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews were conducted by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The remaining studies underwent critical appraisal. Key findings were extracted and analyzed. Adjusted for critical appraisal thresholds, we evaluated a total of (n=9) studies associated with dentistry, COI, and sponsorship (industry and non-profit research funding). The majority of evidence demonstrated a significant correlation with disclosure of COI and professional ethical conflict. More than 32% of publications demonstrated no clear disclosure or failed to report COI. Sponsored studies demonstrated significantly greater scrutiny of disclosure practices, whereas industry/dentist-reported payments were prevalent but varied widely (19% to 62%). Regardless of funding or influence, dental professionals are likely to disclose industry conflicts when presented with policies to guide transparency, thus strengthening patient trust and professional code of ethics.
{"title":"Industry Sponsorship in Dentistry: An Ethics Scoping Review","authors":"Jeffrey Gruenglas, Roxana Menes, Lori Rainchuso","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71642","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence to guide dentistry on conflict of interest (COI) and professional-industry relationships is limited. To determine the breadth of literature regarding ethics in dentistry and COI relating to sponsorship. A scoping review following the PRISMA extension was performed. Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify peer-reviewed sources, published 2013-2023. Titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews were conducted by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The remaining studies underwent critical appraisal. Key findings were extracted and analyzed. Adjusted for critical appraisal thresholds, we evaluated a total of (n=9) studies associated with dentistry, COI, and sponsorship (industry and non-profit research funding). The majority of evidence demonstrated a significant correlation with disclosure of COI and professional ethical conflict. More than 32% of publications demonstrated no clear disclosure or failed to report COI. Sponsored studies demonstrated significantly greater scrutiny of disclosure practices, whereas industry/dentist-reported payments were prevalent but varied widely (19% to 62%). Regardless of funding or influence, dental professionals are likely to disclose industry conflicts when presented with policies to guide transparency, thus strengthening patient trust and professional code of ethics.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"33 3","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139805980","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Evidence to guide dentistry on conflict of interest (COI) and professional-industry relationships is limited. To determine the breadth of literature regarding ethics in dentistry and COI relating to sponsorship. A scoping review following the PRISMA extension was performed. Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify peer-reviewed sources, published 2013-2023. Titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews were conducted by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The remaining studies underwent critical appraisal. Key findings were extracted and analyzed. Adjusted for critical appraisal thresholds, we evaluated a total of (n=9) studies associated with dentistry, COI, and sponsorship (industry and non-profit research funding). The majority of evidence demonstrated a significant correlation with disclosure of COI and professional ethical conflict. More than 32% of publications demonstrated no clear disclosure or failed to report COI. Sponsored studies demonstrated significantly greater scrutiny of disclosure practices, whereas industry/dentist-reported payments were prevalent but varied widely (19% to 62%). Regardless of funding or influence, dental professionals are likely to disclose industry conflicts when presented with policies to guide transparency, thus strengthening patient trust and professional code of ethics.
{"title":"Industry Sponsorship in Dentistry: An Ethics Scoping Review","authors":"Jeffrey Gruenglas, Roxana Menes, Lori Rainchuso","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71642","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71642","url":null,"abstract":"Evidence to guide dentistry on conflict of interest (COI) and professional-industry relationships is limited. To determine the breadth of literature regarding ethics in dentistry and COI relating to sponsorship. A scoping review following the PRISMA extension was performed. Medline/PubMed and Cochrane Library databases were used to identify peer-reviewed sources, published 2013-2023. Titles, abstracts, and full-text reviews were conducted by two independent reviewers. Disagreements were resolved by consensus. The remaining studies underwent critical appraisal. Key findings were extracted and analyzed. Adjusted for critical appraisal thresholds, we evaluated a total of (n=9) studies associated with dentistry, COI, and sponsorship (industry and non-profit research funding). The majority of evidence demonstrated a significant correlation with disclosure of COI and professional ethical conflict. More than 32% of publications demonstrated no clear disclosure or failed to report COI. Sponsored studies demonstrated significantly greater scrutiny of disclosure practices, whereas industry/dentist-reported payments were prevalent but varied widely (19% to 62%). Regardless of funding or influence, dental professionals are likely to disclose industry conflicts when presented with policies to guide transparency, thus strengthening patient trust and professional code of ethics.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"66 4","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Zachary M. Weisner, Ethan Collins, Katelyn Hanson, Herbert Patrick, Peter Clark
{"title":"Evaluation of Capacity in the Hospital Setting and its Long-Term Implications","authors":"Zachary M. Weisner, Ethan Collins, Katelyn Hanson, Herbert Patrick, Peter Clark","doi":"10.22461/jhea.4.71614","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.4.71614","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"13 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139865111","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universal Healthcare: An In-Depth Examination and Proposed Alternatives","authors":"Azadeh Nazari","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"13 5","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139804955","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
{"title":"Universal Healthcare: An In-Depth Examination and Proposed Alternatives","authors":"Azadeh Nazari","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71643","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71643","url":null,"abstract":"","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"9 6","pages":""},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2024-02-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"139864929","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Debates about health care often emphasize distributive justice. How should society allocate finite resources? Who will get access to them, who will not? Is the allocation fair? Who decides and by what standard? Answers to these questions rarely consider health care fraud, waste, and abuse. This is a material omission. Fraud alone costs the health care system billions of dollars annually, dissipating limited funds and degrading quality of care. This paper considers how fraud, waste, and abuse occur in Medicare Part C – better known as Medicare Advantage – an increasingly popular coverage option. Medicare Advantage experiences unique challenges that undermine the program and squander the public’s investment in it. Only by accounting for these programmatic vulnerabilities can we then go on to assess whether Medicare Advantage is an effective, cost-efficient, and equitable mechanism for delivering health insurance coverage.
{"title":"Medicare Advantage? If You Say So. Fraud, Waste, And Abuse In Medicare Part C","authors":"J. LoCurto","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71638","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71638","url":null,"abstract":"Debates about health care often emphasize distributive justice. How should society allocate finite resources? Who will get access to them, who will not? Is the allocation fair? Who decides and by what standard? Answers to these questions rarely consider health care fraud, waste, and abuse. This is a material omission. Fraud alone costs the health care system billions of dollars annually, dissipating limited funds and degrading quality of care. This paper considers how fraud, waste, and abuse occur in Medicare Part C – better known as Medicare Advantage – an increasingly popular coverage option. Medicare Advantage experiences unique challenges that undermine the program and squander the public’s investment in it. Only by accounting for these programmatic vulnerabilities can we then go on to assess whether Medicare Advantage is an effective, cost-efficient, and equitable mechanism for delivering health insurance coverage.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128898292","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Background: Because healthcare professionals are well versed in patients' fundamental rights and obligations, people are growing more worried about their ethical behavior. The accusations regarding unethical behavior and the rise in legal action against healthcare providers frequently reflect this. Threats and intimidation directed at healthcare workers have also increased recently. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of healthcare ethics among healthcare professionals in Winneba Municipal Hospital and Trauma and Specialist Hospital in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a qualitative research approach. The research design used offered a deeper understanding of the experiences, phenomena, and settings under study while addressing the "what," "how," and "why" of the research questions. The interpretive approach was chosen as the research's epistemological stance because it emphasised how unique humans are from the material world and how research methodologies should reflect this distinction. Results: This study identified ethical issues bordering on areas of communication, decision-making, confidentiality, and professional duty as key themes for ethical reflection. It explored the experiences of healthcare professions in different fields of practice within the clinical context. The study also identified strategies for improving knowledge and adherence to ethical codes regarding the profession, which are education, routine orientation, workshops and retraining programmes. Conclusion: Despite the commendable efforts of health professionals in adhering to healthcare ethics, policy-makers in the healthcare arena of Ghana such as the Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service and the Association of Health Administration and Support Services should gear health policy towards enhancing staff-patient relationship. Keywords: Healthcare professionals, patients' fundamental rights and obligations, unethical behaviour, ethical reflection, Ethical codes and Communication.
{"title":"Knowledge And Practice of Healthcare Ethics Among Healthcare Professionals: An Awareness Creation Apparatus","authors":"Charles Owusu-Aduomi Botchwey","doi":"10.22461/jhea.2.7167","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.2.7167","url":null,"abstract":"Background: Because healthcare professionals are well versed in patients' fundamental rights and obligations, people are growing more worried about their ethical behavior. The accusations regarding unethical behavior and the rise in legal action against healthcare providers frequently reflect this. Threats and intimidation directed at healthcare workers have also increased recently. Objectives: The purpose of the study was to assess the knowledge and practice of healthcare ethics among healthcare professionals in Winneba Municipal Hospital and Trauma and Specialist Hospital in Effutu Municipality in the Central Region of Ghana. Methods: The study used a descriptive cross-sectional design and a qualitative research approach. The research design used offered a deeper understanding of the experiences, phenomena, and settings under study while addressing the \"what,\" \"how,\" and \"why\" of the research questions. The interpretive approach was chosen as the research's epistemological stance because it emphasised how unique humans are from the material world and how research methodologies should reflect this distinction. Results: This study identified ethical issues bordering on areas of communication, decision-making, confidentiality, and professional duty as key themes for ethical reflection. It explored the experiences of healthcare professions in different fields of practice within the clinical context. The study also identified strategies for improving knowledge and adherence to ethical codes regarding the profession, which are education, routine orientation, workshops and retraining programmes. Conclusion: Despite the commendable efforts of health professionals in adhering to healthcare ethics, policy-makers in the healthcare arena of Ghana such as the Ministry of Health, Ghana Health Service and the Association of Health Administration and Support Services should gear health policy towards enhancing staff-patient relationship. Keywords: Healthcare professionals, patients' fundamental rights and obligations, unethical behaviour, ethical reflection, Ethical codes and Communication.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"27 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2023-05-08","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"116524822","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
End-of-life care is a topic that many consider to be an uncomfortable one given its emotional, ethical, and legal complexities. The scope of legal death in the US was made clearer by the approval of the 1981 Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA). The act is completely adopted word for word by most US states, but there are states like Louisiana that adopted the UDDA with some included criteria for neurological death. It is important to note that the UDDA is a legal guide used to make legal and medical decisions rather than a law that must be followed completely. With the advancement of medical technology, individuals can be kept alive through a variety of medical interventions that sustain necessary physiological functions, such as breathing, in the absence of complete mental status or other basic functions considered to be fundamental to life These modalities at times blur the line between life and death, and disagreement exists on the technical definitions and applications of these terms. The result is an ethical gray area in which medical care can be provided, but the question of whether it should be provided remains. This article is meant to examine the ethical and societal implications of end-of-life care to an individual who- depending upon the definition- may be considered dead.
{"title":"A Review of End-of-Life care in the US: The conundrum in the absence of a guiding framework","authors":"Usman Haseeb","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71636","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71636","url":null,"abstract":"End-of-life care is a topic that many consider to be an uncomfortable one given its emotional, ethical, and legal complexities. The scope of legal death in the US was made clearer by the approval of the 1981 Uniform Determination of Death Act (UDDA). The act is completely adopted word for word by most US states, but there are states like Louisiana that adopted the UDDA with some included criteria for neurological death. It is important to note that the UDDA is a legal guide used to make legal and medical decisions rather than a law that must be followed completely. With the advancement of medical technology, individuals can be kept alive through a variety of medical interventions that sustain necessary physiological functions, such as breathing, in the absence of complete mental status or other basic functions considered to be fundamental to life These modalities at times blur the line between life and death, and disagreement exists on the technical definitions and applications of these terms. The result is an ethical gray area in which medical care can be provided, but the question of whether it should be provided remains. This article is meant to examine the ethical and societal implications of end-of-life care to an individual who- depending upon the definition- may be considered dead.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"22 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130336085","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The COVID-19 pandemic created significant strain on adult hospitals. Pediatric hospitals are now experiencing similar strain in the setting of an early spike in RSV cases. Hospitals use ambulance diversion and inpatient transfer restrictions to reduce flow to the hospital. However, there are mortality and ethical concerns related to these methods. Other methods that are frequently explored are confined to individual health systems despite the capacity strain typically being widespread, impacting multiple hospitals across a region at one time. In the setting of seeing more frequent hospital strain in both adult and pediatric populations, it is important to examine the options available and to plan for similar events in the future with cooperation across multiple health systems in an effort to provide the best possible outcomes for patients in a region while minimizing moral distress among patients and providers.
{"title":"The Mortality and Ethical Impacts of Hospital Strain: How Can Hospitals Prepare for Future Capacity Crises?","authors":"Allison M. Young","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71637","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71637","url":null,"abstract":"The COVID-19 pandemic created significant strain on adult hospitals. Pediatric hospitals are now experiencing similar strain in the setting of an early spike in RSV cases. Hospitals use ambulance diversion and inpatient transfer restrictions to reduce flow to the hospital. However, there are mortality and ethical concerns related to these methods. Other methods that are frequently explored are confined to individual health systems despite the capacity strain typically being widespread, impacting multiple hospitals across a region at one time. In the setting of seeing more frequent hospital strain in both adult and pediatric populations, it is important to examine the options available and to plan for similar events in the future with cooperation across multiple health systems in an effort to provide the best possible outcomes for patients in a region while minimizing moral distress among patients and providers.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-12-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"129181727","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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