This paper addresses a perennial problem in Catholic organizational healthcare ethics. Catholic and secular ethicists have acknowledged that organizational healthcare ethics is underdeveloped. Scholars have traditionally focused on the “micro” issues arising in the clinical setting or the “macro” issues of national healthcare policy and health insurance. The “meso” or healthcare organizational level, involving both healthcare systems and hospitals has received far less attention. As a result, contemporary organizational healthcare ethics lacks a developed conceptual framework with which to analyze and guide the decision-making of HCOs. The paper responds to two specific deficiencies in the field. First, organizational ethics undertheorizes sociological realities. Second, the field employs exceedingly thin and incoherent ethical frameworks. Although scholars have introduced the term "organizational virtue," they have yet to develop a robust account of the concept leaving healthcare leaders incapable of assessing organizational character or guiding moral decision-making. In sum, because neither "organization" nor "ethics" is well articulated, the entire project of organizational healthcare ethics loses its capacity to explain, guide, and assess human action and social outcomes. The paper directly addresses these deficiencies. First, it offers greater precision in the use of sociological terminologies, such as "structure," "institution," "organization," and "culture." Using critical realist social theory, the paper distinguishes between a social structure in the general sense, which is a “web of relations among social positions,” and an organization, which is a highly complex social structure containing positions of authority. Next, it synthesizes organizational theory with virtue theory to develop an account of organizational virtue ethics capable of aiding in organizational moral decision-making and assessment. It then articulates cardinal organizational virtues, including organizational prudence, justice, beneficence, and solidarity. The paper then applies the cardinal organizational virtues to a composite case.
{"title":"The Virtuous Hospital: A Catholic Organizational Healthcare Ethics","authors":"D. Daly","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71635","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71635","url":null,"abstract":"This paper addresses a perennial problem in Catholic organizational healthcare ethics. Catholic and secular ethicists have acknowledged that organizational healthcare ethics is underdeveloped. Scholars have traditionally focused on the “micro” issues arising in the clinical setting or the “macro” issues of national healthcare policy and health insurance. The “meso” or healthcare organizational level, involving both healthcare systems and hospitals has received far less attention. As a result, contemporary organizational healthcare ethics lacks a developed conceptual framework with which to analyze and guide the decision-making of HCOs. The paper responds to two specific deficiencies in the field. First, organizational ethics undertheorizes sociological realities. Second, the field employs exceedingly thin and incoherent ethical frameworks. Although scholars have introduced the term \"organizational virtue,\" they have yet to develop a robust account of the concept leaving healthcare leaders incapable of assessing organizational character or guiding moral decision-making. In sum, because neither \"organization\" nor \"ethics\" is well articulated, the entire project of organizational healthcare ethics loses its capacity to explain, guide, and assess human action and social outcomes. The paper directly addresses these deficiencies. First, it offers greater precision in the use of sociological terminologies, such as \"structure,\" \"institution,\" \"organization,\" and \"culture.\" Using critical realist social theory, the paper distinguishes between a social structure in the general sense, which is a “web of relations among social positions,” and an organization, which is a highly complex social structure containing positions of authority. Next, it synthesizes organizational theory with virtue theory to develop an account of organizational virtue ethics capable of aiding in organizational moral decision-making and assessment. It then articulates cardinal organizational virtues, including organizational prudence, justice, beneficence, and solidarity. The paper then applies the cardinal organizational virtues to a composite case.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"219 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"115983541","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Science reporting is not a daily routine in most media houses in Kenya and worldwide at large. Unlike sports, politics, business, arts and culture, Science reporting is generally placed on the fringes of mainstream journalism. A critical analysis of media operations, shows that there are various deep-rooted factors that tend to keep science at the bottom of newsgathering, packing and dissemination. The beginning point is journalism schools that traditionally avoid admitting students with science backgrounds or strong interest in science reporting, preferring those excelling in literature, languages, history and others. The courses offered hardly mention the coverage of science. In addition, issues such as media social responsibility, newsroom competition, newswriting basics and how they affect reporting complex scientific issues have been extensively addressed. The article has also addressed the critical challenges facing science reporting, bridged the divide between science and journalists by looking at the tips crucial for science journalism.
{"title":"The Challenges of Communicating Research Findings: A Journalist’s Perspective","authors":"Jonai Wabwire","doi":"10.22461/jhea.8.7165","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.8.7165","url":null,"abstract":"Science reporting is not a daily routine in most media houses in Kenya and worldwide at large. Unlike sports, politics, business, arts and culture, Science reporting is generally placed on the fringes of mainstream journalism. A critical analysis of media operations, shows that there are various deep-rooted factors that tend to keep science at the bottom of newsgathering, packing and dissemination. The beginning point is journalism schools that traditionally avoid admitting students with science backgrounds or strong interest in science reporting, preferring those excelling in literature, languages, history and others. The courses offered hardly mention the coverage of science. In addition, issues such as media social responsibility, newsroom competition, newswriting basics and how they affect reporting complex scientific issues have been extensively addressed. The article has also addressed the critical challenges facing science reporting, bridged the divide between science and journalists by looking at the tips crucial for science journalism.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":" 21","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-09-05","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114051216","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The timeliness of patient care is often subject to the requirements of the prior authorization process for health insurance. From the perspective of insurance denials and administrative burdens, each stakeholder, including the patient, healthcare organization, and the payor, experience a degree of risk that requires the need to remove barriers affecting the prior authorization process. These challenges, however, can be combatted by seeking to enhance the communication between all stakeholders and integrating technology in a manner that creates a more efficient and effective prior authorization process.
{"title":"Prior Authorization: An Adversary to Timely Patient Care","authors":"A. Chapman","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71634","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71634","url":null,"abstract":"The timeliness of patient care is often subject to the requirements of the prior authorization process for health insurance. From the perspective of insurance denials and administrative burdens, each stakeholder, including the patient, healthcare organization, and the payor, experience a degree of risk that requires the need to remove barriers affecting the prior authorization process. These challenges, however, can be combatted by seeking to enhance the communication between all stakeholders and integrating technology in a manner that creates a more efficient and effective prior authorization process.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122116000","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
According to the CDC Health Alert Network, as of September 27, 2021, more than 125,000 confirmed laboratory cases of COVID-19 were reported among pregnant women that resulted in more than 22,000 hospitalized cases and 161 deaths, with the highest death toll of 22 women in the month of August 2021 alone. There are many adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been reported among pregnant women who have contracted COVID-19 including severe illness, stillbirth, preterm birth, neonates’ hospital admissions into Intensive Care Units (ICUs), and death. Just one-third of pregnant women were fully vaccinated before or during pregnancy as of mid-September 2021. Evidence about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, although limited, has been growing. The COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding. This study examines ethical and practical implications of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women. In this paper, we reviewed and presented 16 cases of pregnant women who were either vaccinated or unvaccinated against COVID-19 and share their health outcomes as retrieved from media sources. The findings mirror what the literature reports on the state of COVID-19 among pregnant women. Negative outcomes reported in the literature were also reported in our case reviews. This study presents a framework that will guide providers with messaging and provide information to help pregnant women make informed decisions about getting the COVID-19 vaccine.
{"title":"Ethical and Practical Implication of COVID-19 Vaccine among Pregnant Women","authors":"Eunice Kimunai, Salome Mshigeni, E. Sarwar","doi":"10.22461/jhea.1.71633","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.1.71633","url":null,"abstract":"According to the CDC Health Alert Network, as of September 27, 2021, more than 125,000 confirmed laboratory cases of COVID-19 were reported among pregnant women that resulted in more than 22,000 hospitalized cases and 161 deaths, with the highest death toll of 22 women in the month of August 2021 alone. There are many adverse pregnancy outcomes that have been reported among pregnant women who have contracted COVID-19 including severe illness, stillbirth, preterm birth, neonates’ hospital admissions into Intensive Care Units (ICUs), and death. Just one-third of pregnant women were fully vaccinated before or during pregnancy as of mid-September 2021. Evidence about the safety and effectiveness of COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy, although limited, has been growing. The COVID-19 vaccine is recommended for pregnant women and those who are breastfeeding. This study examines ethical and practical implications of the COVID-19 vaccine among pregnant women. In this paper, we reviewed and presented 16 cases of pregnant women who were either vaccinated or unvaccinated against COVID-19 and share their health outcomes as retrieved from media sources. The findings mirror what the literature reports on the state of COVID-19 among pregnant women. Negative outcomes reported in the literature were also reported in our case reviews. This study presents a framework that will guide providers with messaging and provide information to help pregnant women make informed decisions about getting the COVID-19 vaccine.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"5 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"128470143","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
E. Sarwar, Champagne Moore, Karina Corral, Monideepa B. Becerra
The purpose of this study was to conduct a social media analysis on content related to electronic cigarettes, especially the validity of the information, audience engagement, and emergent ethical issues of health and related information on such a platform. Our results show a majority of the videos on social media platform analyzed were from individuals or organizations for marketing purposes, thus demonstrating a significant gap of needed public health driven content. We further present unique characteristics of popular videos, such as duration, comments, and like to dislike ratios that public health program can mimic to gain acceptance for anti-tobacco initiatives. The lack of information regulation on validity further raises several ethical concerns and we provide recommendations for actions to ensure the audience of such social media platform receive experience an-unbiased view of electronic cigarettes and associated outcomes.
{"title":"Social media content analysis of electronic cigarette information: Implications for public health ethics – A Brief Report","authors":"E. Sarwar, Champagne Moore, Karina Corral, Monideepa B. Becerra","doi":"10.22461/jhea.8.7164","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.22461/jhea.8.7164","url":null,"abstract":"The purpose of this study was to conduct a social media analysis on content related to electronic cigarettes, especially the validity of the information, audience engagement, and emergent ethical issues of health and related information on such a platform. Our results show a majority of the videos on social media platform analyzed were from individuals or organizations for marketing purposes, thus demonstrating a significant gap of needed public health driven content. We further present unique characteristics of popular videos, such as duration, comments, and like to dislike ratios that public health program can mimic to gain acceptance for anti-tobacco initiatives. The lack of information regulation on validity further raises several ethical concerns and we provide recommendations for actions to ensure the audience of such social media platform receive experience an-unbiased view of electronic cigarettes and associated outcomes.","PeriodicalId":164934,"journal":{"name":"The Journal of Healthcare Ethics & Administration","volume":"90 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-05-16","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"133462041","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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