Early research in the psychological and social development of students has explored the effect of a teacher’s appearance on physical education students’ learning and perceptions of the teacher. Initial studies of this nature suggested that teachers’ appearance, clothing, and fitness influenced students’ perceptions of teachers’ instructional ability. The purpose of this commentary is to review and summarize the literature relative to teacher age and appearance to provide considerations for sport pedagogists, K-12 educators, and health professionals while teaching students about the concept of age-related stereotypes and healthy aging. A thorough literature review was conducted using search terms related to age, youthful age-related stereotypes, and youthful perceptions of healthy aging. Themes were categorized into logical categories. College, middle school, and elementary school students favor being taught by younger teachers. Research on perceptions of age and aging in general has indicated that a bias against older individuals is evident in very young children and becomes stronger as they age and enter adolescence. Furthermore, research has also indicated that children, adults, and youth often regard older individuals negatively. It is important to further assess how the reduction of age stereotypes among youth influences the attitudes and behaviors of youth. Schools can play a significant role in influencing the perceptions children have of the elderly and the aging process. They have the resources and capabilities to integrate material on healthy aging into their curricula as well as to introduce students to older individuals, thus reinforcing the view of aging as a more positive experience.
{"title":"Commentary on the Impact of Teacher Appearance and Age on Student Attitudes","authors":"Colin G. Pennington","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v2i1.7","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v2i1.7","url":null,"abstract":"Early research in the psychological and social development of students has explored the effect of a teacher’s appearance on physical education students’ learning and perceptions of the teacher. Initial studies of this nature suggested that teachers’ appearance, clothing, and fitness influenced students’ perceptions of teachers’ instructional ability. The purpose of this commentary is to review and summarize the literature relative to teacher age and appearance to provide considerations for sport pedagogists, K-12 educators, and health professionals while teaching students about the concept of age-related stereotypes and healthy aging. A thorough literature review was conducted using search terms related to age, youthful age-related stereotypes, and youthful perceptions of healthy aging. Themes were categorized into logical categories. College, middle school, and elementary school students favor being taught by younger teachers. Research on perceptions of age and aging in general has indicated that a bias against older individuals is evident in very young children and becomes stronger as they age and enter adolescence. Furthermore, research has also indicated that children, adults, and youth often regard older individuals negatively. It is important to further assess how the reduction of age stereotypes among youth influences the attitudes and behaviors of youth. Schools can play a significant role in influencing the perceptions children have of the elderly and the aging process. They have the resources and capabilities to integrate material on healthy aging into their curricula as well as to introduce students to older individuals, thus reinforcing the view of aging as a more positive experience.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"30 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-04-04","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"114679877","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
AbstractResearch shows that mentoring is a powerful tool to enhance community engagement and develop personal growth in student-athletes. In the Collegiate Achievement Mentoring Program [CAMP] at the [UNIVERSITY], intercollegiate student-athletes serve as leadership mentors to K-12 students. The “Mentees/Apprentices” demonstrated substantial improvements in GPA and attendance during their mentoring semester, while the intercollegiate student-athlete “Mentors/Coaches” showed improvements in GPA, public speaking confidence. This paper will share successes and challenges associated with program development and implementation along with strategies for replication at institutions globally.Keywords: Leadership Development, Mentoring, Community-based learning, Student-Athletes
{"title":"Ready to Serve: Community-Based Leadership Learning through a Student-Athlete Mentorship Program","authors":"M. Ohlson, Elizabeth Gregg","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v2i1.9","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v2i1.9","url":null,"abstract":"AbstractResearch shows that mentoring is a powerful tool to enhance community engagement and develop personal growth in student-athletes. In the Collegiate Achievement Mentoring Program [CAMP] at the [UNIVERSITY], intercollegiate student-athletes serve as leadership mentors to K-12 students. The “Mentees/Apprentices” demonstrated substantial improvements in GPA and attendance during their mentoring semester, while the intercollegiate student-athlete “Mentors/Coaches” showed improvements in GPA, public speaking confidence. This paper will share successes and challenges associated with program development and implementation along with strategies for replication at institutions globally.Keywords: Leadership Development, Mentoring, Community-based learning, Student-Athletes","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"38 1 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125734944","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
In this multiyear, statewide investigation, the degree to which changes had occurred in the numbers and percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to White, Hispanic, and Black students in Texas public postsecondary institutions from the 1999-2000 academic year through the 2018-2019 academic year was examined. The highest numbers of doctoral degrees were awarded to White students, followed by Hispanic students and Black students, respectively. Statistically significant differences were present for the percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to Hispanic and to Black students between the 1999-2000 academic year and the 2018-2019 academic year. The percentage of doctoral degrees awarded to White students decreased by nearly 21%, whereas the percentage of master’s degrees awarded to Hispanic students and to Black students increased by 11.07% and 9.39%, respectively. As such, the ethnic/racial diversity of doctoral degree recipients increased over the academic years of data analyzed herein.
{"title":"Ethnic/Racial Differences in Doctoral Degree Attainment in Texas: A Multiyear Analysis","authors":"Tama Suzanne Hamrick, J. Slate, F. Lunenburg","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v2i1.8","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v2i1.8","url":null,"abstract":"In this multiyear, statewide investigation, the degree to which changes had occurred in the numbers and percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to White, Hispanic, and Black students in Texas public postsecondary institutions from the 1999-2000 academic year through the 2018-2019 academic year was examined. The highest numbers of doctoral degrees were awarded to White students, followed by Hispanic students and Black students, respectively. Statistically significant differences were present for the percentages of doctoral degrees awarded to Hispanic and to Black students between the 1999-2000 academic year and the 2018-2019 academic year. The percentage of doctoral degrees awarded to White students decreased by nearly 21%, whereas the percentage of master’s degrees awarded to Hispanic students and to Black students increased by 11.07% and 9.39%, respectively. As such, the ethnic/racial diversity of doctoral degree recipients increased over the academic years of data analyzed herein.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"19 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"122073674","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
The Transtheoretical Model is an integrative model of behavior change developed in response to increasing theoretical diversity within psychotherapy. Since its conception, the model has been applied to a variety of behavior change contexts such as substance abuse, diet, and exercise. PURPOSE: to review and summarize the literature relative to applications of the Transtheoretical Model in exercise interventions, and to provide considerations for health professionals while using the Transtheoretical Model in their practice. METHODS: The components of the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change are parsed and analyzed to review their function and role in the model. In addition, the model is reviewed to determine the effectiveness of applying the Transtheoretical Model in conjunction to interventions aimed at increasing physical activity behavior. RESULTS: In general, results support the application of Transtheoretical Model for physical activity behavioral change, but not unconditionally. Beyond highlighting results of studies applying the Transtheoretical Model, implications and considerations for interventions using the models are also detailed. CONCLUSION: When acknowledging the multidimensional nature of the model, it is important to demonstrate a good understanding of how the various dimensions relate to one another and recognize how these relationships will influence intervention development.
{"title":"Applying the Transtheoretical Model of Behavioral Change to Establish Physical Activity Habits","authors":"Colin G. Pennington","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v2i1.6","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v2i1.6","url":null,"abstract":"The Transtheoretical Model is an integrative model of behavior change developed in response to increasing theoretical diversity within psychotherapy. Since its conception, the model has been applied to a variety of behavior change contexts such as substance abuse, diet, and exercise. PURPOSE: to review and summarize the literature relative to applications of the Transtheoretical Model in exercise interventions, and to provide considerations for health professionals while using the Transtheoretical Model in their practice. METHODS: The components of the Transtheoretical Model of behavior change are parsed and analyzed to review their function and role in the model. In addition, the model is reviewed to determine the effectiveness of applying the Transtheoretical Model in conjunction to interventions aimed at increasing physical activity behavior. RESULTS: In general, results support the application of Transtheoretical Model for physical activity behavioral change, but not unconditionally. Beyond highlighting results of studies applying the Transtheoretical Model, implications and considerations for interventions using the models are also detailed. CONCLUSION: When acknowledging the multidimensional nature of the model, it is important to demonstrate a good understanding of how the various dimensions relate to one another and recognize how these relationships will influence intervention development.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"29 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-03-09","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"126299902","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study was conducted to examine the effect of school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school) on written school safety plans in the areas of active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios. Inferential statistical analyses of nationwide survey data revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of written plans for active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios by school level. Elementary schools were less likely to have written plans in active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios than were middle schools and high schools. In addition, written plans for active shooter and bomb threat scenarios were commonplace at each level compared to written hostage plans. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.
{"title":"School Level Differences in School Threat Scenario Written Plans: A National Analysis","authors":"D. S. McAlpin, J. Slate","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v2i1.3","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v2i1.3","url":null,"abstract":"This study was conducted to examine the effect of school level (i.e., elementary, middle, and high school) on written school safety plans in the areas of active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios. Inferential statistical analyses of nationwide survey data revealed the presence of statistically significant differences in the incidence of written plans for active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios by school level. Elementary schools were less likely to have written plans in active shooter, hostage, and bomb threat scenarios than were middle schools and high schools. In addition, written plans for active shooter and bomb threat scenarios were commonplace at each level compared to written hostage plans. Implications and recommendations for future research were discussed.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"194 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-02-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"124338512","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
İmdat Yarım, N. Özcan, Mehmet Emin Yelken, M. Uzun
It is known that balance ability has an importance in terms of sportive performance. Balance ability also showed an important relationship between insufficiencies and performance and sports injuries. Object: The aim of this study is to examine balance ability in several sports. Materials and Methods: Totally 48 male and female athletes consisting of Wrestling (W, n: 13), Futsal (F, n: 10), Taekwondo (T, n: 15), and Cross Country Skiing (CCS, n: 10) whose mean ages were 20.2 ± 0.57, 24.4 ± 1.54, 20.4 ± 0.49 and 16.9 ± 0.09respectively, participated voluntarily to this study. Participants' height (cm) was measured with a stadiometer, body weight (kg) was measured with TANITA BC-418 and leg lengthswere measured with a measuring tape. Y-Balance test (cm) was used in the application of balance tests. Findings: The data were statistically evaluated in the SPSS 23 program and the Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the relationship between the groups. Tukey test was applied to determine which group caused the difference and the level of significance was chosen as 0.05. In the evaluation, statistically significant difference in the balance parameters was found between Right anterior and WT, FT, F-CCS, T-CCS sports branches, between Right medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches, between Left anterior and W-T, W-CCS, F-T, F - CCS, T-CCS sports branches and between Left medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches (p0.05). Result: The balance parameter differs according to sports branches. When these differences are evaluated, it can be said that the best results for all balance parameters are for Cross Country Skiing, Taekwondo, Wrestling and Futsal athletes, respectively.
{"title":"Comparing Balance Abilities in Different Sports","authors":"İmdat Yarım, N. Özcan, Mehmet Emin Yelken, M. Uzun","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v1i1.2","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v1i1.2","url":null,"abstract":"It is known that balance ability has an importance in terms of sportive performance. Balance ability also showed an important relationship between insufficiencies and performance and sports injuries. Object: The aim of this study is to examine balance ability in several sports. Materials and Methods: Totally 48 male and female athletes consisting of Wrestling (W, n: 13), Futsal (F, n: 10), Taekwondo (T, n: 15), and Cross Country Skiing (CCS, n: 10) whose mean ages were 20.2 ± 0.57, 24.4 ± 1.54, 20.4 ± 0.49 and 16.9 ± 0.09respectively, participated voluntarily to this study. Participants' height (cm) was measured with a stadiometer, body weight (kg) was measured with TANITA BC-418 and leg lengthswere measured with a measuring tape. Y-Balance test (cm) was used in the application of balance tests. Findings: The data were statistically evaluated in the SPSS 23 program and the Kruskal Wallis test was applied to determine the relationship between the groups. Tukey test was applied to determine which group caused the difference and the level of significance was chosen as 0.05. In the evaluation, statistically significant difference in the balance parameters was found between Right anterior and WT, FT, F-CCS, T-CCS sports branches, between Right medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches, between Left anterior and W-T, W-CCS, F-T, F - CCS, T-CCS sports branches and between Left medial and W-F, F-T, F-CCS sports branches (p0.05). Result: The balance parameter differs according to sports branches. When these differences are evaluated, it can be said that the best results for all balance parameters are for Cross Country Skiing, Taekwondo, Wrestling and Futsal athletes, respectively.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"14 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"125724963","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
This study aims to determine the opinions of individuals who actively engage in sports for recreational purposes during the Covid-19 outbreak and to examine whether the participants' opinions differ in terms of some demographic variables. The research is a quantitative study conducted in a descriptive survey model. In this study, data were collected in 2020. The sample of the study consists of 243 participants who actively engage in recreational sports in their leisure time in archery, orienteering, football and other branches in Kahramanmaraş. The data of the research were analysed using a statistical software program. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were determined for data analysis, while t-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to determine the differentiation of scores obtained for variables. Scheffe and LSD tests were used to determine the source of the difference in groups with a significant difference in the F value.As a result of the research, it was observed that the happiness level scores of the participants were in the moderate-level score range. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the scores of the participants regarding their happiness levels in terms of gender and sports year variables, whereas there were significant differences in terms of branch and age variables.
{"title":"Investigation of Happiness Levels of Individuals Actively Exercising for Recreational Purposes during the COVID-19 Outbreak","authors":"Davut Atılgan","doi":"10.53016/jerp.v1i1.1","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.53016/jerp.v1i1.1","url":null,"abstract":"This study aims to determine the opinions of individuals who actively engage in sports for recreational purposes during the Covid-19 outbreak and to examine whether the participants' opinions differ in terms of some demographic variables. The research is a quantitative study conducted in a descriptive survey model. In this study, data were collected in 2020. The sample of the study consists of 243 participants who actively engage in recreational sports in their leisure time in archery, orienteering, football and other branches in Kahramanmaraş. The data of the research were analysed using a statistical software program. The arithmetic mean and standard deviation values were determined for data analysis, while t-test and One-Way Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) tests were used to determine the differentiation of scores obtained for variables. Scheffe and LSD tests were used to determine the source of the difference in groups with a significant difference in the F value.As a result of the research, it was observed that the happiness level scores of the participants were in the moderate-level score range. It was concluded that there was no significant difference in the scores of the participants regarding their happiness levels in terms of gender and sports year variables, whereas there were significant differences in terms of branch and age variables.","PeriodicalId":165113,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Education and Recreation Patterns","volume":"15 1","pages":"0"},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"130608488","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
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