Journal of Neurogastroenterology and Motility最新文献

Gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) is a chronic and relapsing gastrointestinal disorder characterized by the reflux of gastric contents into the esophagus, leading to troublesome symptoms and/or complications. Since the publication of the 2020 Seoul Consensus on GERD, significant new evidence has emerged, particularly regarding acid-suppressive therapies and diagnostic approaches. This 2025 focused update aims to refine GERD management strategies by incorporating the latest evidence on acid suppressive therapies and regional considerations in Asian populations. This study builds on the 2020 Seoul Consensus by integrating systematic reviews, meta-analyses, and expert consensuses to offer updated recommendations for the definition and medical treatment of GERD. These guidelines incorporate recent advances in acid-suppressive therapies, particularly potassium-competitive acid blockers, and adopt updated diagnostic frameworks in accordance with the Lyon Consensus 2.0. Key clinical questions were identified and structured using the following format: Population, Intervention, Comparator, Outcome. The resulting recommendations address the initial treatment, long-term maintenance strategies, and role of personalized therapy based on disease severity, such as the grade of reflux esophagitis. Six key statements are presented: updated definition and classification of GERD (Statement 1); initial and long-term treatment strategies tailored to GERD phenotypes, such as non-erosive reflux disease, mild erosive esophagitis, and severe erosive esophagitis (Statements 2-5); and dose optimization strategies for long-term safety (Statement 6). These guidelines aim to support gastroenterologists and general healthcare providers in making individualized evidence-based decisions for GERD management.

Background/aims: : Esophageal transit scintigraphy is a non-invasive nuclear medicine imaging modality for people with esophageal transit problems. In particular, changes in esophageal motor function can be evaluated non-invasively before and after the treatment in patients undergoing peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for achalasia. This study compared the changes in several parameters of esophageal transit and manometry in patients with achalasia who underwent POEM.

Methods: : This study retrospectively analyzed prospectively collected data from POEM participants. We included 38 patients with achalasia who underwent high-resolution manometry and esophageal transit scintigraphy before POEM and after POEM from 2016 to 2023.

Results: : All patients had clinical treatment successfully (Eckardt score < 3). Lower esophageal sphincter (LES) pressures were significantly reduced after POEM, including basal resting LES pressure and integrated relaxation pressure (P < 0.001). Esophageal emptying, as assessed by the residual fraction of retained radioactivity at 10 seconds after isotope ingestion, improved from 54.3% to 27.3% (P < 0.001). Analysis of the change in time-to-peak on the time-radioactivity curve showed that it shortened significantly in the upper and middle portions of the esophagus (P < 0.05) but not in the lower portion. The Eckardt symptom score significantly correlated with pre-POEM integrated relaxation pressure (P < 0.05). Post-POEM, the symptom score significantly correlated with time-to-peak of the upper portion of the esophagus (P < 0.05).

Conclusions: : Patients with achalasia who received POEM showed improved not only manometric LES parameters but also esophageal transit. Analysis of the radiation curve's time-to-peak showed that improved retention in the upper portion is an indicator of symptoms improvement in patients who underwent POEM.

Background/aims: : Esophagogastric junction contractile integral (EGJ-CI) is a metric of EGJ barrier function assessed on high-resolution manometry (HRM). However, its clinical utility may be limited by measurement discrepancies and wide variability. Mean basal EGJ pressure (MBEP) is a novel, simple HRM metric assessing barrier function. We compared their performance to predict conclusive gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD).

Methods: : Consecutive patients undergoing esophageal function testing for known or suspected GERD were retrospectively evaluated. MBEP and EGJ-CI were manually calculated. Conclusive GERD was defined as acid exposure time > 6% or histologically confirmed Barrett's esophagus. Statistical analyses including Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were performed.

Results: : Two hundred and twenty-six patients (mean age 52.8 ± 14.6 years, 58% males) were included. Applying Lyon 2.0 consensus criteria, 41% had conclusive GERD, 8% had borderline GERD, 8% had reflux hypersensitivity, and 43% had no GERD evidence. Patients with conclusive GERD had significantly lower MBEP compared to those without (11.8 mmHg vs 18.5 mmHg; P < 0.001). MBEP showed greater predictive performance for conclusive GERD (area under the ROC curve [AUROC]: 0.71; 95% CI, 0.65-0.78) than EGJ-CI (AUROC: 0.66; 95% CI, 0.59-0.74), also discriminating Lyon 2.0 subgroups (P < 0.001) and EGJ morphology types (P < 0.001). On multivariable analysis, MBEP independently predicted conclusive GERD (per 1-mmHg increase OR, 1.11; P = 0.022), while EGJ-CI did not (OR, 0.99; P = 0.207).

Conclusions: : MBEP is a simple HRM metric to evaluate anti-reflux barrier function, predicting conclusive GERD and differentiating reflux phenotypes with better performance than EGJ-CI. This metric could serve as a valuable adjunctive tool in GERD diagnosis.

Background/aims: : The pathophysiology of refractory gastroesophageal reflux disease (RGERD), which differs from proton pump inhibitor dependent gastroesophageal reflux disease (DGERD), remains incompletely elucidated. This study aims to compare esophageal motility patterns, transdiaphragmatic pressure gradients (TPG), and reflux profiles between RGERD and DGERD patients, and to delineate dynamic pressure gradient-esophagogastric junction (EGJ) interactions in these patients.

Methods: : In this retrospective study, 274 patients who underwent 24-hour impedance-pH monitoring and high-resolution manometry, along with an assessment of proton pump inhibitor responsiveness, were classified as RGERD (32.5%), DGERD (54.4%), or non-GERD (13.1%). Clinical characteristics, TPG, esophageal motility, and reflux metrics were compared between RGERD and DGERD patients. Subgroup analysis excluding hiatal hernia (HH) was conducted to investigate the pathophysiology of RGERD.

Results: : The RGERD group exhibited a significantly higher proportion of chest pain compared to the DGERD group. Regarding reflux profiles, RGERD patients without HH (RGERD^HH- group) experienced increased weakly acidic reflux (P < 0.001) and prolonged bolus exposure (P = 0.006) compared to their counterparts (DGERD^HH- group). Mechanistically, the RGERD^HH- group showed reduced lower esophageal sphincter basal pressure (P = 0.010) and EGJ contractile integral (P = 0.005). Notably, following a wet-swallow, the RGERD^HH- group experienced the significant elevation in gastric pressure and TPG. Correlation analyses revealed weakly acidic reflux and bolus exposure were positively correlated with gastric pressure variation, and inversely correlated with lower esophageal sphincter basal pressure.

Conclusions: : Transient gastric pressure elevation and compromised EGJ barrier function drive weakly acidic reflux and esophageal bolus exposure. This pressure gradient-barrier mismatch underpins the refractoriness of RGERD.

Background/aims: Safety data on potassium-competitive acid blockers are limited. We aim to evaluate the effect of tegoprazan on serum gastrin levels during maintenance treatment for gastroesophageal reflux disease compared to lansoprazole.

Methods: In a prospective, randomized trial, patients who underwent initial treatment with a standard dose of a proton pump inhibitor (n = 121) or tegoprazan (n = 226) were randomized to receive a half-dose of tegoprazan (n = 173) or lansoprazole (n = 174) as maintenance treatment for up to 24 weeks. Serum gastrin levels were measured immediately after initial treatment and monitored throughout the maintenance treatment period.

Results: Baseline gastrin levels were similar between the tegoprazan and lansoprazole groups (P = 0.335). During maintenance treatment, gastrin levels were significantly lower in the tegoprazan group at week 16 (P = 0.001) and week 24 (P = 0.012) compared to the lansoprazole group. Although the proportion of hypergastrinemia (> 115 pg/mL) was similar at baseline between the tegoprazan and lansoprazole groups (P = 0.114), it was significantly lower in the tegoprazan group during maintenance treatment (P = 0.003, 0.033, and 0.039 at weeks 8, 16, and 24, respectively) than in the lansoprazole group. Multivariate analysis revealed that age, sex, baseline gastrin levels, Helicobacter pylori infection, and the drug group were independently associated with final gastrin levels.

Conclusion: Tegoprazan has a smaller impact on increasing serum gastrin levels and the development of hypergastrinemia than lansoprazole, suggesting that tegoprazan may reduce safety concerns related to hypergastrinemia, particularly at half doses.