institutions were significantly associated with publications after conference presentations.1 It is an interesting observation in view of what happens to the neuroanesthesia presentations in India, but the study has apparent limitations being retrospective in nature. It is unknown whether most of these unpublished presentations were actually submitted to a journal and underwent peer-reviewing and got rejected. It is also not known whether there was any difference in conversion rate between platform versus poster presentations. Platform/ oral presentations are most often competitive presentations and undergo a stringent peer-review process. Hence, there is a possibility that the conversion rate of presentations into publications could be better.2 Several factors may be responsible for the nonconversion of presentations into publications. First, the organizing scientific committee in most of the conferences hardly rejects any abstract that is submitted for presentation. Ideally, there should be a balance between quality and quantity while accepting the scientific abstracts. The existing process of encouraging scientific presentations for each interested unintentionally invites low-quality research works for presentation. These presentations eventually fail to undergo a stringent peer-review process during the publication cycle. Second, it is common to present the interim results of the research works during the meeting. While the study may be innovative and well-designed at the time of presentation, by the time it is completed and drafted, articles of similar objectives might get published by different researchers, thereby losing their relevance and low consideration for publication. Third, many journals currently do not consider case reports for publication, despite being widely encouraged for presentations during conferences. Moreover, the scope of publication from private hospitals is much less as compared with academic/public-funded institutions. This is because of the lack of research mentorship Presentations in the form of the platform (oral) and poster discussions are norms during the scientific meetings, including continued medical education activities. These presentations may be in a competitive category or noncompetitive (free paper) formats. The main objective for encouraging these scientific presentations is to bring to light new research and simultaneously fill the gap in existing knowledge. The usual categories of presentations include research papers and case reports. In addition, some of the conferences also promote presentations/exhibitions of innovations, infographics, etc. The research work gets the credit in this process, and the researcher/presenter gets due recognition on a bigger platform with a large audience. Moreover, such presentations also help enhance the verbal communication skills of the presenters, some of whom transform into brilliant speakers of national and international repute. In concordance with the scientific
{"title":"Presentation to Publication in Neuroanesthesia","authors":"Ankur Khandelwal, G. Rath","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1748313","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1748313","url":null,"abstract":"institutions were significantly associated with publications after conference presentations.1 It is an interesting observation in view of what happens to the neuroanesthesia presentations in India, but the study has apparent limitations being retrospective in nature. It is unknown whether most of these unpublished presentations were actually submitted to a journal and underwent peer-reviewing and got rejected. It is also not known whether there was any difference in conversion rate between platform versus poster presentations. Platform/ oral presentations are most often competitive presentations and undergo a stringent peer-review process. Hence, there is a possibility that the conversion rate of presentations into publications could be better.2 Several factors may be responsible for the nonconversion of presentations into publications. First, the organizing scientific committee in most of the conferences hardly rejects any abstract that is submitted for presentation. Ideally, there should be a balance between quality and quantity while accepting the scientific abstracts. The existing process of encouraging scientific presentations for each interested unintentionally invites low-quality research works for presentation. These presentations eventually fail to undergo a stringent peer-review process during the publication cycle. Second, it is common to present the interim results of the research works during the meeting. While the study may be innovative and well-designed at the time of presentation, by the time it is completed and drafted, articles of similar objectives might get published by different researchers, thereby losing their relevance and low consideration for publication. Third, many journals currently do not consider case reports for publication, despite being widely encouraged for presentations during conferences. Moreover, the scope of publication from private hospitals is much less as compared with academic/public-funded institutions. This is because of the lack of research mentorship Presentations in the form of the platform (oral) and poster discussions are norms during the scientific meetings, including continued medical education activities. These presentations may be in a competitive category or noncompetitive (free paper) formats. The main objective for encouraging these scientific presentations is to bring to light new research and simultaneously fill the gap in existing knowledge. The usual categories of presentations include research papers and case reports. In addition, some of the conferences also promote presentations/exhibitions of innovations, infographics, etc. The research work gets the credit in this process, and the researcher/presenter gets due recognition on a bigger platform with a large audience. Moreover, such presentations also help enhance the verbal communication skills of the presenters, some of whom transform into brilliant speakers of national and international repute. In concordance with the scientific ","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-03-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"46439329","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Mayank Tyagi, I. Kapoor, C. Mahajan, N. Gupta, H. Prabhakar
Acute hyperinflammatory response (cytokine storm) and immunosuppression are responsible for critical illness in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a serious public health crisis that has affected millions of people worldwide. The main clinical manifestations are mostly by respiratory tract involvement and have been extensively researched. Increasing numbers of evidence from emerging studies point out the possibility of neurological involvement by COVID-19 highlighting the need for developing technology to diagnose, manage, and treat brain injury in such patients. Here, we aimed to discuss the rationale for the use of an emerging spectrum of blood biomarkers to guide future diagnostic strategies to mitigate brain injury-associated morbidity and mortality risks in COVID-19 patients, their use in clinical practice, and prediction of neurological outcomes.
{"title":"Brain Biomarkers in Patients with COVID-19 and Neurological Manifestations: A Narrative Review","authors":"Mayank Tyagi, I. Kapoor, C. Mahajan, N. Gupta, H. Prabhakar","doi":"10.1055/s-0042-1744395","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0042-1744395","url":null,"abstract":"Acute hyperinflammatory response (cytokine storm) and immunosuppression are responsible for critical illness in patients infected with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). It is a serious public health crisis that has affected millions of people worldwide. The main clinical manifestations are mostly by respiratory tract involvement and have been extensively researched. Increasing numbers of evidence from emerging studies point out the possibility of neurological involvement by COVID-19 highlighting the need for developing technology to diagnose, manage, and treat brain injury in such patients. Here, we aimed to discuss the rationale for the use of an emerging spectrum of blood biomarkers to guide future diagnostic strategies to mitigate brain injury-associated morbidity and mortality risks in COVID-19 patients, their use in clinical practice, and prediction of neurological outcomes.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2022-01-01","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"57973772","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
N. Patel, M. Fayed, Ahmed Ahmed, Akshatha Rao, Derrick V Williams, Joseph A. Sanders
Abstract Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are mechanical pumps that have become a standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. As patients with LVAD are living longer, the number of noncardiac surgeries performed in these patients is rising. However, these patients present a unique set of risk factors, some of which include acquired coagulopathies, anticoagulation status, and hemodynamic instability. Thus, performing noncardiac surgeries in patients with an LVAD requires a precise and complex surgical strategy with optimal communication among the surgical team. Therefore, knowledge of best perioperative approaches for patients with LVAD is urgently needed. Here, we present a detailed perioperative surgical approach in the case of a brain tumor resection for a 62-year-old patient with an LVAD whose course was complicated with a brain hematoma. Critical details include key aspects of monitoring patient hemodynamic stability and handling of anesthesia, patient positioning, and antiplatelet and anticoagulation drug therapy. This case highlights the importance for anesthesiologists to be well informed about perioperative LVAD management, as well as common complications that they may encounter.
{"title":"A Complicated Course of Brain Tumor Resection in a Patient with a Left Ventricular Assist Device","authors":"N. Patel, M. Fayed, Ahmed Ahmed, Akshatha Rao, Derrick V Williams, Joseph A. Sanders","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739347","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739347","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Left ventricular assist devices (LVAD) are mechanical pumps that have become a standard treatment for end-stage heart failure. As patients with LVAD are living longer, the number of noncardiac surgeries performed in these patients is rising. However, these patients present a unique set of risk factors, some of which include acquired coagulopathies, anticoagulation status, and hemodynamic instability. Thus, performing noncardiac surgeries in patients with an LVAD requires a precise and complex surgical strategy with optimal communication among the surgical team. Therefore, knowledge of best perioperative approaches for patients with LVAD is urgently needed. Here, we present a detailed perioperative surgical approach in the case of a brain tumor resection for a 62-year-old patient with an LVAD whose course was complicated with a brain hematoma. Critical details include key aspects of monitoring patient hemodynamic stability and handling of anesthesia, patient positioning, and antiplatelet and anticoagulation drug therapy. This case highlights the importance for anesthesiologists to be well informed about perioperative LVAD management, as well as common complications that they may encounter.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45988274","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
M. Krishnakumar, Shweta S Naik, V. Ramesh, S. Mouleeswaran
Abstract Fever is considered a protective response having multitude of benefits in terms of enhancing resistance to infection, recruiting cytokines to the injured tissue, and promoting healing. In terms of an injured brain, this becomes a double-edged sword triggering an inflammatory cascade resulting in secondary brain injury. It is important to identify the etiology so that corrective measures can be taken. Here we report a case of persistent fever in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was probably due to heparin. This is the first report of heparin-induced fever in a neurocritical care setting and third report overall.
{"title":"Heparin-Induced Fever in Neurointensive Care Unit: A Rarity Yet a Possibility","authors":"M. Krishnakumar, Shweta S Naik, V. Ramesh, S. Mouleeswaran","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739350","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739350","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Fever is considered a protective response having multitude of benefits in terms of enhancing resistance to infection, recruiting cytokines to the injured tissue, and promoting healing. In terms of an injured brain, this becomes a double-edged sword triggering an inflammatory cascade resulting in secondary brain injury. It is important to identify the etiology so that corrective measures can be taken. Here we report a case of persistent fever in a patient with Guillain-Barré syndrome, which was probably due to heparin. This is the first report of heparin-induced fever in a neurocritical care setting and third report overall.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-27","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42714285","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepti B. Srinivas, Keshavan H Venkatesh, Archisha Kapoor, Rashmi Patil
Unilateral pulmonary edema secondary to neurogenic cause is a rare entity. 1 We report such a case following cerebral aneurysmal clipping. A 47-year-old female with no comorbidities presented with headache of 6 days’ duration. Computed tomography (CT) brain showed right Sylvian fis-sure bleed and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (Fischer grade 2). Cerebral angiogram revealed a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm with moderate vasospasm in proximal M2 segment. Clinically, she was World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade I. Chest X-ray (CXR) was unremarkable, and echocardiogram
{"title":"Unilateral Neurogenic Pulmonary Edema Following Cerebral Aneurysmal Clipping: An Atypical Presentation of Hypoxemia","authors":"Deepti B. Srinivas, Keshavan H Venkatesh, Archisha Kapoor, Rashmi Patil","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739346","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739346","url":null,"abstract":"Unilateral pulmonary edema secondary to neurogenic cause is a rare entity. 1 We report such a case following cerebral aneurysmal clipping. A 47-year-old female with no comorbidities presented with headache of 6 days’ duration. Computed tomography (CT) brain showed right Sylvian fis-sure bleed and subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) (Fischer grade 2). Cerebral angiogram revealed a right middle cerebral artery (MCA) aneurysm with moderate vasospasm in proximal M2 segment. Clinically, she was World Federation of Neurological Surgeons (WFNS) grade I. Chest X-ray (CXR) was unremarkable, and echocardiogram","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-19","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42428590","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Abstract Moyamoya disease (MMD) is caused by stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery in brain, thereby reducing its blood supply. To augment blood flow, brain develops abnormal anastomotic vessels with deranged carbon dioxide reactivity and tendency to bleed. Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is the name given to MMD when the latter results from secondary to some associated disease. Occurrence of MMS secondary to sickle cell anemia (SCA) presents unique challenges to neuroanesthesiologists. Management of various physiological parameters for cerebral revascularization surgery for MMD under general anesthesia necessitates vigilant and balanced control of various physiological variables, as the manipulation of a particular physiological variable for one pathology may adversely impact the same physiological variable for the associated disease, which will result in poor outcome of the patient. Therefore, optimum outcome of MMS is determined by a watchful balancing of various physiological parameters under anesthesia.
{"title":"Anesthetic Management of Moyamoya Syndrome Secondary to Sickle Cell Anemia","authors":"P. Bithal, Ravees Jan, V. Pandey, P. Ahmad","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739349","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739349","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Moyamoya disease (MMD) is caused by stenosis or occlusion of internal carotid artery in brain, thereby reducing its blood supply. To augment blood flow, brain develops abnormal anastomotic vessels with deranged carbon dioxide reactivity and tendency to bleed. Moyamoya syndrome (MMS) is the name given to MMD when the latter results from secondary to some associated disease. Occurrence of MMS secondary to sickle cell anemia (SCA) presents unique challenges to neuroanesthesiologists. Management of various physiological parameters for cerebral revascularization surgery for MMD under general anesthesia necessitates vigilant and balanced control of various physiological variables, as the manipulation of a particular physiological variable for one pathology may adversely impact the same physiological variable for the associated disease, which will result in poor outcome of the patient. Therefore, optimum outcome of MMS is determined by a watchful balancing of various physiological parameters under anesthesia.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"43353517","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
An 89-year-old hypertensive male presented to a local hospital with a history of sudden onset dizziness and two episodes of vomiting after having dinner. On neurological examination, he was drowsy with mild weakness in all the four limbs. He progressively developed tetraplegia within 2 hours of admission and was immediately shifted to our tertiary care center in the emergency department, where he suddenly developed loss of consciousness. He became non-responsive with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of E2V1M2. His plantar reflex was bilaterally extensor. He urgently required ventilator support. Routine biochemical tests including serum electrolytes, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiogram were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was performed, which showed acute infarct in bilateral pons with characteristic white heart appearance on diffusion-weighted image (DWI), T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated
{"title":"White Heart in Pons—A Rare Imaging Sign in Bilateral Pontine Infarction","authors":"S. Fazal, Ashima Mahajan, S. Mehta","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1739344","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1739344","url":null,"abstract":"An 89-year-old hypertensive male presented to a local hospital with a history of sudden onset dizziness and two episodes of vomiting after having dinner. On neurological examination, he was drowsy with mild weakness in all the four limbs. He progressively developed tetraplegia within 2 hours of admission and was immediately shifted to our tertiary care center in the emergency department, where he suddenly developed loss of consciousness. He became non-responsive with a Glasgow coma scale (GCS) of E2V1M2. His plantar reflex was bilaterally extensor. He urgently required ventilator support. Routine biochemical tests including serum electrolytes, electrocardiogram, and transthoracic echocardiogram were within normal limits. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) brain was performed, which showed acute infarct in bilateral pons with characteristic white heart appearance on diffusion-weighted image (DWI), T2-weighted and fluid-attenuated","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-11-14","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42584137","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
J. Antony, Georgene Singh, B. Yadav, M. Abraham, S. George
Abstract Background Hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion, commonly encountered in beach-chair position under general anesthesia, carry the risk of neurologic complications. There is a paucity of data on monitoring cerebral perfusion. Our objective was to compare the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (Vmca) in the supine and beach-chair position and estimate its correlation during hypotension. Materials and Methods Twenty ASA class I and II patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery in beach-chair position were included in the study. MAP was measured invasively with the pressure transducer leveled to the phlebostatic axis. Vmca was measured with a 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD) probe through the temporal window. Both MAP and Vmca were measured at baseline after anesthetic induction in the supine position (BL), on assuming the beach-chair position (AP), at steady-state hemodynamics in beach-chair position (P1), whenever there was a drop in MAP > 20% (P2), and on the restoration of MAP (P3). Results A mean decrease in MAP and Vmca by 24.76% and 27.96%, respectively, from supine to beach-chair position with a significant linear correlation between MAP and Vmca along with a Pearsons’ coefficient of 0.77 was seen. A change in MAP of 1 mm of Hg resulted in a change in Vmca by 0.53 cm/sec (p < 0.05). Conclusion A significant decrease in MAP and Vmca was observed in the beach-chair position. TCD could be used as a point-of-care noninvasive technique to reliably assess cerebral perfusion.
{"title":"Effect of Beach-Chair Position on Cerebral Blood Flow in Patients Undergoing Shoulder Surgery—A Preliminary Observational Study","authors":"J. Antony, Georgene Singh, B. Yadav, M. Abraham, S. George","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1732830","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732830","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Hypotension and cerebral hypoperfusion, commonly encountered in beach-chair position under general anesthesia, carry the risk of neurologic complications. There is a paucity of data on monitoring cerebral perfusion. Our objective was to compare the mean arterial pressure (MAP) and middle cerebral artery velocity (Vmca) in the supine and beach-chair position and estimate its correlation during hypotension. Materials and Methods Twenty ASA class I and II patients undergoing elective shoulder surgery in beach-chair position were included in the study. MAP was measured invasively with the pressure transducer leveled to the phlebostatic axis. Vmca was measured with a 2 MHz transcranial Doppler (TCD) probe through the temporal window. Both MAP and Vmca were measured at baseline after anesthetic induction in the supine position (BL), on assuming the beach-chair position (AP), at steady-state hemodynamics in beach-chair position (P1), whenever there was a drop in MAP > 20% (P2), and on the restoration of MAP (P3). Results A mean decrease in MAP and Vmca by 24.76% and 27.96%, respectively, from supine to beach-chair position with a significant linear correlation between MAP and Vmca along with a Pearsons’ coefficient of 0.77 was seen. A change in MAP of 1 mm of Hg resulted in a change in Vmca by 0.53 cm/sec (p < 0.05). Conclusion A significant decrease in MAP and Vmca was observed in the beach-chair position. TCD could be used as a point-of-care noninvasive technique to reliably assess cerebral perfusion.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"42736797","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
A. Dhanda, A. Bindra, Roshni Dhakal, Siddharth Chavali, G. Singh, P. Singh, P. Mathur
Abstract Background Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has distinctive pathophysiology and characteristics that differ from adults. These can be attributed to age-related anatomical and physiological differences and distinct patterns of injuries seen in children. Our aim was to identify the patient characteristics, clinical variables during intensive care and intraoperative management associated with poor functional outcome in a cohort of pediatric TBI patients. Methods Retrospective chart review of pediatric TBI patients admitted to neurotrauma intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of 1 year. Results A total of 105 children (< 12 years) with head injury were admitted in the NICU during the study period. The most common mechanism of injury was fall in 78% cases. Fifty-four patients (51.4%) presented with a severe head injury (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] ≤ 8), while 31 (29.5%) and 20 (19.1%) had a mild and moderate head injury. The most common finding was skull fractures (59%), contusions (36.2%), and subdural hematoma (SDH) (30.4%). Forty nine patients (46.7%) required surgical management. The median duration of anesthesia was 205 (interquartile range [IQR] 65, 375) minutes, and median blood loss during the surgery was 16.7 mL/kg body weight with 41% requiring intraoperative blood transfusions. Median duration of ICU and hospital stay was 5 (IQR 1, 47) and 8 (IQR 1, 123) days, respectively. GOS at discharge ≤ 3 representing poor outcome was present in 35 patients (33.3%). Mortality was seen in 15 (14.3%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified postresuscitation GCS ≤ 8 on admission as independent predictor of mortality, and postresuscitation GCS ≤ 8 on admission and NICU stay of > 7 days as independent predictor of poor outcome. Conclusion Despite advances in neurointensive care, mortality and morbidity remains high in pediatric head trauma and is mainly dependent on postresuscitation GCS and NICU stay of more than 7 days. Multidimensional approach is required for its prevention and management.
{"title":"Patient Characteristics and Clinical and Intraoperative Variables Affecting Outcome in Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury","authors":"A. Dhanda, A. Bindra, Roshni Dhakal, Siddharth Chavali, G. Singh, P. Singh, P. Mathur","doi":"10.1055/s-0041-1732828","DOIUrl":"https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1732828","url":null,"abstract":"Abstract Background Pediatric traumatic brain injury (TBI) has distinctive pathophysiology and characteristics that differ from adults. These can be attributed to age-related anatomical and physiological differences and distinct patterns of injuries seen in children. Our aim was to identify the patient characteristics, clinical variables during intensive care and intraoperative management associated with poor functional outcome in a cohort of pediatric TBI patients. Methods Retrospective chart review of pediatric TBI patients admitted to neurotrauma intensive care unit (NICU) over a period of 1 year. Results A total of 105 children (< 12 years) with head injury were admitted in the NICU during the study period. The most common mechanism of injury was fall in 78% cases. Fifty-four patients (51.4%) presented with a severe head injury (Glasgow coma scale [GCS] ≤ 8), while 31 (29.5%) and 20 (19.1%) had a mild and moderate head injury. The most common finding was skull fractures (59%), contusions (36.2%), and subdural hematoma (SDH) (30.4%). Forty nine patients (46.7%) required surgical management. The median duration of anesthesia was 205 (interquartile range [IQR] 65, 375) minutes, and median blood loss during the surgery was 16.7 mL/kg body weight with 41% requiring intraoperative blood transfusions. Median duration of ICU and hospital stay was 5 (IQR 1, 47) and 8 (IQR 1, 123) days, respectively. GOS at discharge ≤ 3 representing poor outcome was present in 35 patients (33.3%). Mortality was seen in 15 (14.3%) patients. Multivariate analysis identified postresuscitation GCS ≤ 8 on admission as independent predictor of mortality, and postresuscitation GCS ≤ 8 on admission and NICU stay of > 7 days as independent predictor of poor outcome. Conclusion Despite advances in neurointensive care, mortality and morbidity remains high in pediatric head trauma and is mainly dependent on postresuscitation GCS and NICU stay of more than 7 days. Multidimensional approach is required for its prevention and management.","PeriodicalId":16574,"journal":{"name":"Journal of Neuroanaesthesiology and Critical Care","volume":null,"pages":null},"PeriodicalIF":0.0,"publicationDate":"2021-10-24","publicationTypes":"Journal Article","fieldsOfStudy":null,"isOpenAccess":false,"openAccessPdf":"","citationCount":null,"resultStr":null,"platform":"Semanticscholar","paperid":"45813460","PeriodicalName":null,"FirstCategoryId":null,"ListUrlMain":null,"RegionNum":0,"RegionCategory":"","ArticlePicture":[],"TitleCN":null,"AbstractTextCN":null,"PMCID":"","EPubDate":null,"PubModel":null,"JCR":null,"JCRName":null,"Score":null,"Total":0}
Deepti B. Srinivas, K. Sriganesh, D. Chakrabarti, P. Venkateswaran
Purpose Plasma exchange is one of the recommended therapeutic procedures for autoimmune neurological conditions and involves removal of plasma over multiple sessions for exclusion of autoantibodies responsible for the disease process. This study aimed to evaluate the changes in the concentration of plasma constituents with five cycles of alternate day therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), identify contributing factors for hypoproteinemia, and examine its impact on clinical outcomes. Methods This was a single-center, retrospective cohort study involving patients with autoimmune neurological diseases who underwent at least five cycles of TPE in the neurointensive care unit (NICU). Data regarding plasma protein concentrations, serum electrolytes, fluid input/output before and after every TPE cycle and clinical outcomes in terms of duration of ventilation, and NICU and hospital stay were collected from the medical records over a 1-year period. Results The levels of plasma proteins (total protein, albumin and globulin) (p < 0.001), sodium (p < 0.001), calcium (p < 0.001), and hemoglobin (p = 0.002) declined significantly after TPE. Difference in plasma protein levels before and after TPE did not correlate with durations of mechanical ventilation and hospital and NICU stay. Difference in total protein and globulin correlated negatively with fluid balance and positively with daily protein intake (p < 0.05 for both). Conclusion A significant decrease in plasma proteins and other plasma constituents is seen with TPE. Changes in plasma proteins are related to hemodilution and protein intake. Decrease in plasma proteins did not affect duration of hospital or NICU stay and duration of mechanical ventilation.
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